45
GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN! Product Name Confidentiality Level G3BSC INTERNAL Product Version Total !a"es GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual ("or internal u#e onl$) Prepared by GSM%&MTS Network Performanc e Re#earc' epartment Su S'i Date **+,-,./ Reviewed by Date Reviewed by Date Approved by Date 0uawei Tec'nolo1ie# 2o34 !t53 ll ri1't# re#er6e5

13 GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual.doc.doc

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

Product Name Confidentiality Level

G3BSC INTERNAL

Product Version Total !a"es

GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference)Optimization Manual

("or internal u#e onl$)

Preparedby

GSM%&MTS NetworkPerformance Re#earc' epartment

Su S'i Date **+,-,./

Reviewedby

Date

Reviewedby

Date

Approvedby

Date

0uawei Tec'nolo1ie# 2o34 !t53

ll ri1't# re#er6e5

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

Re6i#ion Recor5

Date Version Description Author

**7,.,8 *38 T'e 5raft i# complete53 2'en Baolin

**+,, .3* T'e content# are up5ate54 wit' t'e c'eck met'o5#for intermo5ulation interference a55e53

Su S'i

*.7,*9,8 0uawei 2onfi5ential Pa1e of 77

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

Contents

1 Overview......................................................................................6

.3. S$mptom# of Network Interference33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333338

.3 2la##ification of Interference Source# in t'e GSM S$#tem3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333:

2 Approaches to Finding nter!erence Prob"e#s...............................12

3. "in5in1 t'e Interference T'rou1' nal$#i# of OM2 Traffic Stati#tic#333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333.

3.3. "in5in1 t'e Interference T'rou1' t'e Interference Ban5 2ounter333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333.

3.3 "in5in1 t'e Interference T'rou1' "re;uenc$ Scannin1 Performance Mea#urement33333333333333333333333333333.-

3.3- "in5in1 t'e Interference T'rou1' R< =ualit$ an5 !e6el Performance Mea#urement333333333333333333333 33333.-

3 OM2 larm# an5 Su>#cri>er 2omplaint#3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333.7

3- "in5in1 t'e Interference T'rou1' T an5 2=T333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 3333.7

37 "in5in1 t'e Interference T'rou1' Si1nalin1 Tracin1333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333.9

39 "in5in1 t'e Interference >$ Tran#mittin1 I5le Bur#t# on t'e TR<33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 3333333.9

$ %ocating and &o"ving nter!erence Prob"e#s.................................1'

-3. Interference !ocation an5 2'eck3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 33.+

-3.3. eterminin1 an Interfere5 2ell Ba#e5 on KPI#333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 33.+

-3.3 2'eckin1 OM2 larm#33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 333.+

-3.3- 2'eckin1 "re;uenc$ Plannin13333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333.+

-3.37 2'eckin1 2ell Parameter Settin1#333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 3333./

-3.39 T33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333./

-3.38 !ocatin1 t'e Interference T'rou1' a Spectrum nal$zer333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 333333333 3./

-3.3: &plink "re;uenc$ Scanner for I5le TR<#3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333--3 !ocatin1 Interference Pro>lem#33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333-

-3- Interference 2au#e5 >$ 0ar5ware E;uipment3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333+

-3-3. Poor ntenna Performance333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333--

-3-3 "ault$ 2onnector# in t'e ntenna S$#tem3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333--

-3-3- In6er#el$ 2onnecte5 ntenna33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333--

-3-37 "ault$ TR<333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333--

-3-39 "ault$ BTS mplifier an5 TM333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333-7

-3-38 &n>locke5 2lock333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333-7

-3-3: Ot'er "ault#33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333-7

-3-3+ Summar$3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333-9

*.7,*9,8 0uawei 2onfi5ential Pa1e - of 77

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

-37 Intra,Network Interference333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 333333333-9

-373. 2o,2'annel or 5?acent,2'annel Interference33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 333333333-9

-373 Interference 2au#e5 >$ 2ro## 2o6era1e3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333-:

-373- Interference 2au#e5 >$ Ti1't Reu#e3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333-:

-3737 Interference 2au#e5 >$ Improper ata 2onfi1uration333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 333333-+

-39 Inter,Network Interference333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 333333333-+

-393. Interme5iate "re;uenc$ Interference 2au#e5 >$ t'e 2M@MPS33333333333333333333333333333333333333333 333333333-+

-393 Interference from Repeater#33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333337*

-393- Interference from Microwa6e Station#4 !ar1e,Power Station#4 an5 Terre#trial Satellite Station#3333333 337.

( ntroduction to Anti)nter!erence *echno"ogies.............................(2

73. 2'annel llocation l1orit'm II3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 333337-

73 IR233333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333337-

73- Bur#t Interference 2'eck3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333337-

+ ntroduction to nter!erence Chec, *oo"s......................................((

93. Spectrum nal$zer333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333377

93 irectional ntenna3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333379

*.7,*9,8 0uawei 2onfi5ential Pa1e 7 of 77

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization

Manual#ey$ords

Intra,network interference4 inter,network interference4 intermo5ulation4 #puriou# emi##ion

A%stract

T'i# 5ocument 5e#cri>e# t'e cla##ification an5 #olution of interference pro>lem# in a GSM#$#tem3 In a55ition4 t'i# 5ocument #$#tematicall$ #ummarize# t'e eAperience#4 #olution#4 an5ca#e# o>taine5 from network plannin14 optimization4 an5 'ar5ware c'eck to pro6i5ecompre'en#i6e #olution# to interference pro>lem#3

Acronyms and A%%reviations

Acrony# and Abbreviation Fu"" &pe""ing

BS2 Ba#e Station 2ontroller  

KPI Ke$ Performance In5icator  

MS Mo>ile Station

T20 Traffic 2'annel

*.7,*9,8 0uawei 2onfi5ential Pa1e 9 of 77

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

1 Overview

In t'e GSM #$#tem4 fre;uenc$ reu#e i# re;uire5 to impro6e t'e #$#tem capacit$3 "re;uenc$reu#e refer# to reu#in1 t'e #ame fre;uenc$ c'annel in 5ifferent cell# wit'in a #$#tem3 T'eclo#e#t 5i#tance >etween t'e center# of two cell# u#in1 t'e #ame fre;uenc$ c'annel i# calle5t'e reu#e 5i#tance3 T'e ratio of t'e reu#e 5i#tance to t'e cell ra5iu# i# calle5 co,c'annelinterference factor3 "or a #$#tem wit' a #pecifie5 amount of fre;uenc$ c'annel#4 t'e ti1'tert'e fre;uenc$ reu#e i#4 t'e 1reater t'e #$#tem capacit$ i#4 an5 t'e #'orter t'e reu#e 5i#tance i#4t'e 1reater t'e interference i#3

T'e prece5in1 interference cau#e5 >$ fre;uenc$ reu#e i# intra,network interference3 T'e GSMnetwork ma$ >e affecte5 >$ inter,network interference from ot'er communication network#3

Interference i# one of t'e ke$ factor# t'at affect t'e network ;ualit$3 It 1reatl$ affect# t'e 6oice

;ualit$4 an5 cau#e# call 5rop#4 'an5o6er#4 an5 con1e#tion3 0ow to re5uce or eliminateinterference i# one of important ta#k# in network plannin1 an5 optimization3

1.1 &y#pto#s o! -etwor, nter!erence.3 &'en stron" interference e(ists) t'e follo$in" sym!toms may occur*

T'e call i# 5i#connecte5 after t'e caller 'ear# a >eep (t'e prompt tone 6arie# wit'MS#)3

Coice 5i#continuit$4 noi#e4 or no au5io occur# 5urin1 t'e call3 In #eriou# ca#e#4 a call5rop ma$ occur3

3 &'en interference e(ists in a net$or+) t'e follo$in" sym!toms may %e found in t'e

traffic statistics*

T'e uplink interference i# reflecte5 in t'e traffic #tati#tic# for interference >an5#3 Doucan c'eck w'et'er interference eAi#t# >a#e5 on t'e #ettin1# of interference >an5t're#'ol5# an5 t'e actual application #cenario#3 If loo#e fre;uencie# are planne5 in ane51e network4 t'e fre;uenc$ reu#e 5en#it$ i# low3 In t'i# ca#e4 if interference >an5 i# 5i#pla$e5 in t'e traffic #tati#tic#4 interference ma$ occur3 "or an ur>an area wit''i1' fre;uenc$ reu#e 5en#it$4 if interference >an5 7 or 9 i# 5i#pla$e5 in t'e traffic#tati#tic#4 interference ma$ occur3

T'e num>er of faile5 S220 or T20 a##i1nment# i# 1reat3

T'e num>er of call 5rop# i# 1reat or t'e call 5rop rate i# 'i1'3

*.7,*9,8 0uawei 2onfi5ential Pa1e 8 of 77

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

T'e #ucce## rate of 'an5o6er# i# low3

T'e proportion of mea#urement 6alue# wit' 'i1' le6el an5 poor ;ualit$ i# 'i1' in t'emea#urement of recei6e le6el an5 ;ualit$ performance3

-3 T'e follo$in" sym!toms are found in t'e drive test ,-T.*

T'e num>er of faile5 'an5o6er# i# 1reat3

T'e #i1nal le6el i# 'i1' an5 t'e #peec' ;ualit$ i# poor3

73 Accordin" to t'e si"nalin" traced %y t'e si"nalin" analy/er ,0A12#1425. on t'e

A%is interface) t'e follo$in" sym!tom occurs*

T'e >it error rate (BER) in t'e cell i# 'i1'er t'an t'o#e in ot'er cell#3

Man,ma5e noi#e i# one of main interference #ource# in a mo>ile communication#$#tem3 mon1 t'e#e man,ma5e interference or noi#e #ource#4 #ome interference#ource# cannot >e controlle54 for eAample4 en1ine i1nition interference4 electricalinterference4 an5 in5u#trial electrical e;uipment interference3 Some interference#ource#4 'owe6er4 can >e controlle5 t'rou1' network plannin1 an5 #$#temoptimization4 for eAample4 intra,e;uipment interference an5 inter,e;uipmentinterference3 T'i# 5ocument 5e#cri>e# t'e interference t'at can >e controlle53

1.2 C"assication o! nter!erence &ources inthe /&0 &yste#

.3 6ard$are fault

TR< fault If t'e performance of t'e TR< 5ecrea#e# >ecau#e of t'e pro5uction;ualit$ or lon1,term u#e4 t'e amplif$in1 circuit of t'e TR< ma$ >e #elf eAcite53 In

t'i# ca#e4 interference occur#3

2& or 5i6i5er fault F'en t'e acti6e amplifier in t'e 5i6i5er of t'e 2& or t'e5i6i5er mo5ule i# fault$4 #elf eAcitation ma$ occur3

Spuriou# emi##ion an5 intermo5ulation If t'e out>an5 #puriou# emi##ion of t'e TR<or power amplifier in a BTS eAcee5# t'e #pecifie5 t're#'ol54 or t'e R<@T< i#olationof t'e 5upleAer in t'e 2& i# too #mall4 t'e R< c'annel i# interfere53 "or pa##i6e5e6ice# #uc' a# antenna# an5 fee5er#4 t'e intermo5ulation interference ma$ al#ooccur3

Interference from #ur1e protector# F'en t'e #ur1e protector i# a1e5 or t'e #peec';ualit$ >ecome# poor4 intermo5ulation #i1nal# appear in t'e BTS3 In t'i# ca#e4 t'enormal fre;uenc$ plan i# affecte5 an5 t'e ra5io en6ironment i# 5eteriorate53

3 Intra7net$or+ interference

Intra,network co,c'annel an5 a5?acent,c'annel interference

"re;uenc$ reu#e i# re;uire5 in t'e GSM #$#tem3 F'en t'e reu#e 5i#tance >etweentwo cell# t'at u#e t'e #ame fre;uenc$ or a5?acent fre;uencie# i# too #mall relati6e tot'e cell ra5iu#4 co,c'annel interference or a5?acent,c'annel interference ma$ occur3 Ina55ition4 t'e reflection of #urface feature# can al#o cau#e co,c'annel interference ora5?acent,c'annel interference3 F'en 2@I . 5B or 2@Ia H8 5B4 interferenceoccur#3

Interference from repeater#

In t'e initial p'a#e of network con#truction4 repeater# are u#e5 to eAten5 t'e co6era1eof t'e BTS3 If repeater# are u#e5 improperl$4 t'e BTS i# interfere53 T'e po##i>le

cau#e# for t'e interference from repeater# are a# follow# (.) Repeater# are in#talle5

*.7,*9,8 0uawei 2onfi5ential Pa1e : of 77

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

improperl$ () T'ere i# no #ufficient i#olation >etween t'e 5onor antenna an5 t'e#er6ice antenna4 an5 t'u# #elf eAcitation i# forme53

"or a repeater t'at u#e# t'e wi5e>an5 non,linear amplifier4 it# intermo5ulation

#pecification# are muc' 1reater t'an t'o#e re;uire5 >$ t'e protocol3 If t'e power i#lar1e4 t'e intermo5ulation component i# lar1e3 In t'i# ca#e4 a5?acent BTS# areinterfere53 "or ca#ca5e5 repeater#4 a# t'e co,c'annel amplification i# performe5 fort'e repeater# an5 it take# a certain time for t'e repeater# to proce## #i1nal#4 5ela$eAi#t# >etween #i1nal#3 F'en t'e 5ela$ eAcee5# t'e time win5ow #ize #pecifie5 fort'e GSM #$#tem4 t'e co,c'annel interference occur#3

Intermo5ulation interference

Generation of intermo5ulation #i1nal# an5 t'eir impact on t'e GSM network mu#t >econ#i5ere5 in network plannin1 an5 optimization3 In nature4 w'en two R" #i1nal# areinput to a non linear component or pa## t'rou1' a 5i#continuou# tran#mi##ionme5ium4 a #erie# of new fre;uenc$ component# are 1enerate5 5ue to t'e non linearit$3T'e fre;uenc$ component# of new #i1nal# meet t'e followin1 fre;uenc$ relation3

##ume t'at t'e fre;uencie# of t'e two input #i1nal# are f. an5 f (a>#olutefre;uencie#)3 T'e formula# are a# follow#

"n J mf. nf an5 "n J mf. , nf

# t'e amplitu5e of t'e t'ir5 or5er an5 fift' or5er intermo5ulation pro5uct# i# 'i1'4t'e common component# are t'ir5 or5er an5 fift' or5er intermo5ulation component#3T'ir5 or5er intermo5ulation i# taken a# an eAample 'ere3

# t'e #pectrum component# of f.,f an5 f,f. are t'e clo#e#t to t'eir own #i1nal#4t'e #$#tem i# interfere5 mo#t po##i>l$ >$ t'e#e #pectrum component#3 "i1ure 3. #'ow# t'e #pectrum 5i#tri>ution3

8i"ure 491 Spectrum 5i#tri>ution of intermo5ulation #i1nal#

¡ ÷f ¡ ÷f ¡ ÷f 

f1   f2

2f2-f12f1-f2

IM3

T'e amplitu5e of a new #i1nal 5epen5# on t'e non linearit$ of t'e component or t'e5i#continuit$ of microwa6e tran#mi##ion3 T'e t'ir5 or5er intermo5ulation in5eA (IM-) i#u#e5 for mea#urement3 IM- refer# to t'e 5ifference >etween t'e t'ir5 or5erintermo5ulation pro5uct 1enerate5 5ue to t'e non linearit$ of t'e #$#tem an5 t'e input#i1nal# w'en two e;ual,amplitu5e #i1nal# wit' a certain le6el are input3 Generall$4 a#IM- meet# t'e re;uirement#4 t'e fre;uencie# of t'ir5 or5er intermo5ulation are notcon#i5ere5 in fre;uenc$ plannin13 "or a 5ual,>an5 network (t'e antenna #$#tem i##'are5) or a wi5e>an5 network4 'owe6er4 t'e t'ir5 or5er intermo5ulation 1enerate5 on

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

t'e 5ownlink affect# uplink reception3 T'erefore4 $ou mu#t con#i5er t'i# ca#e w'en#ol6in1 interference pro>lem#3

T'e antenna #er6e# a# t'e pa##i6e component an5 tran#mi##ion component of microwa6e

#i1nal#4 an5 t'e po##i>le cau#e# of intermo5ulation 1eneration are a# follow# T'e input connector of t'e antenna i# unclean or mec'anicall$ 5ama1e54 t'e internal

#il6er la$er i# 5ama1e5 5ue to multiple in#ertion# an5 remo6al#4 or metal filin1# areleft in t'e connector3

T'e antenna connector i# not in#talle5 #ecurel$3

T'e antenna element# en6elope5 in t'e protection co6er are corro5e53

T'e fee5er part >etween t'e input connector of t'e antenna an5 t'e antenna elementi# corro5e53

T'e recei6er i# interfere5 >$ t'e intermo5ulation pro5uct w'en t'e followin1con5ition# are met

T'e intermo5ulation pro5uct fall# off in t'e R< >an53

T'e intermo5ulation pro5uct mu#t reac' a certain le6el3 ccor5in1 to t'ere;uirement# of t'e co,c'annel interference an5 BTS #en#iti6it$ H..* 5Bm4 t'emaAimum #i1nal le6el of t'e intermo5ulation pro5uct on t'e antenna port mu#t meett'e followin1 re;uirement H..* 5Bm H / 5B (#uppre##ion factor of t'e co,c'annelinterference) 8 5B (lo## of t'e 8* m fee5er ca>le) J H..- 5Bm3

"or t'e fir#t con5ition4 a##ume t'at t'e intermo5ulation pro5uct of two T< #i1nal# ofM/** fall# off in t'e R< >an53

T'e noi#e i# 6er$ o>6iou# w'en te#t call# are ma5e for cell of a BTS3 T'efre;uencie# in t'e cell are #e;uentiall$ .*/4 +:4 .+4 an5 /83 T'e 5ownlink a>#olutefre;uencie# of fre;uenc$ /8 an5 fre;uenc$ .+ are calculate5 a# follow#

". (.+) J /-9 M0z *3 M0z A .+ J /-+38 M0z

" (/8) J /-9 M0z *3 M0z A /8 J /973 M0z

8i"ure 494 i#tri>ution of t'ir5 or5er an5 fift' or5er intermo5ulation #i1nal#

T'e #i1nal fre;uenc$ of t'e t'ir5 or5er intermo5ulation pro5uct i# calculate5 a# follow#". , " J /- M0z

*.7,*9,8 0uawei 2onfi5ential Pa1e / of 77

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

T'e #i1nal fre;uenc$ of t'e fift' or5er intermo5ulation pro5uct i# calculate5 a# follow#-". , " J /*:37 M0z

T'e fift' or5er intermo5ulation pro5uct fall# off in t'e uplink >an5 of M/**4 an5 t'e

uplink #i1nal fre;uenc$ i# calculate5 a# follow# "- J (/*:37 H +/*)@*3 J +:3 "re;uenc$+: i# ?u#t t'e fre;uenc$ u#e5 >$ t'e cell3 In t'i# ca#e4 interference ma$ occur3

"or t'e #econ5 con5ition4 t'i# cell i# al#o u#e5 for 5e#cription3

T'e cell i# confi1ure5 wit' two 2&#4 an5 t'e output power of t'e TR< i# 7* F3##ume t'at t'e power of t'e antenna input port i# a>out -9 5Bm w'en t'e lo## of t'efee5er ca>le i# 8 5B3 ccor5in1 to t'e re;uirement of IM- J H.9* 5B4 t'eintermo5ulation pro5uct on t'e antenna port i# rou1'l$ calculate5 a# follow# -9 5Bm H.9* 5B J H..9 5Bm3 # H..9 5Bm i# #maller t'an H..- 5Bm4 t'e intermo5ulationinterference 5oe# not occur3 If t'e intermo5ulation in5eA i# 5ecrea#e5 >$ * 5B4 t'eintermo5ulation pro5uct on t'e antenna port i# H/9 5Bm3 In t'i# ca#e4 t'e input le6el oft'e #i1nal t'at pa##e# t'rou1' t'e 2& i# a>out H/* 5Bm4 an5 interference >an5 (5efault interference >an5 t're#'ol5) i# forme53

"or t'e 5i6i#ion of fre;uenc$ >an5# of 2'ina Mo>ile (fre;uenc$ . to fre;uenc$ /7) an52'ina &nicom (fre;uenc$ /8 to fre;uenc$ .7)4 t'e t'ir5 intermo5ulation ma$ not eAi#taccor5in1 to t'e calculation3 T'e fift' or5er an5 #e6ent' or5er intermo5ulation4 'owe6er4ma$ eAi#t3 T'e calculation conclu#ion 5e#cri>e5 in ppen5iA . i# for reference3

See ppen5iA . Calculation of Fifth Order and Seventh Order Intermodulation Interference for China Mobile 

If t'e 5i6i#ion of fre;uenc$ >an5# of o6er#ea# operator# i# compleA (for eAample4 lowerfre;uenc$ >an5# . to * an5 'i1' fre;uenc$ >an5# +: to .7)4 t'e t'ir5 or5erintermo5ulation mu#t >e con#i5ere5 in fre;uenc$ plannin13

-3 Inter7net$or+ interference ,ot'er lar"e7!o$er communication e:ui!ment.

Ra5ar #tation T'e fre;uenc$ u#e5 >$ #ome 5ecimeter wa6e ra5ar# 5e#i1ne5 in t'e./:*# or ./+*# i# t'e #ame a# or #imilar to t'at of t'e GSM #$#tem3 # t'eir tran#mit power i# lar1e (from ten# of kF to 'un5re5# of kF) an5 t'eir out>an5 #puriou#emi##ion i# lar1e4 t'e a5?acent BTS# are ea#il$ interfere53

Simulate5 >a#e #tation T'e fre;uenc$ >an5 u#e5 >$ t'e #imulate5 >a#e #tation an5t'at of t'e GSM #$#tem o6erlap3 ccor5in1 to national re;uirement#4 #imulate5 >a#e#tation# mu#t eAit t'e fre;uenc$ >an5 of t'e GSM #$#tem3 Some #imulate5 >a#e#tation#4 'owe6er4 5o not eAit3 F'en t'e GSM #$#tem #elect# t'e #ame fre;uenc$ a#t'at of a #imulate5 >a#e #tation4 t'e interference from t'e #imulate5 >a#e #tationoccur#3 (2urrentl$4 all t'e #imulate5 network# in 2'ina an5 t'eir fre;uencie# areuna6aila>le3 In #ome o6er#ea# re1ion#4 'owe6er4 a #imulate5 network #till coeAi#t#wit' a GSM network3)

2M >a#e #tation Becau#e t'ere are man$ mo>ile communication #$#tem# in2'ina4 interference eAi#t# >etween #$#tem# or >etween network# of 5ifferentoperator#3 F'en t'e 2M network i# >uilt on t'e a5?acent fre;uenc$ >an5 of t'eT2S or GSM network4 t'e tran#mi##ion of t'e 2M network interfere# wit' t'ereception of t'e GSM/** network an5 t'e out>an5 leaka1e #i1nal# of t'e 2Mnetwork 5rop in t'e c'annel of t'e GSM recei6er3 In t'i# ca#e4 t'e noi#e le6el of t'eGSM recei6er increa#e# an5 t'e GSM uplink >ecome# poor3

2or5le## p'one on t'e M/** fre;uenc$ >an5 T'ere are a lar1e num>er of cor5le## p'one# on t'e M/** fre;uenc$ >an5 in #ome o6er#ea# re1ion#3 T'e cor5le## p'one#are cate1orize5 into analo1 an5 5i1ital p'one#4 an5 t'eir >an5wi5t'# are -* k0z an5 M0z3 T'e fre;uencie# 'op >etween /* M0z an5 /* M0z3 If t'e power of anout5oor antenna i# lar1e4 t'e a5?acent BTS# are interfere53

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  LRa5io e;uipment an5 interference unit# wit' t'e #ame fre;uenc$ >an5 a# t'e GSMnetwork F'en #ome #pecial ra5io e;uipment occupie# t'e GSM fre;uenc$ >an54interference occur#3

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2 Approaches to Finding

nter!erence Prob"e#s

To #ol6e interference pro>lem# an5 impro6e t'e #peec' ;ualit$4 $ou nee5 to fin5 t'einterference4 take proper mea#ure# to locate t'e interference4 an5 t'en eliminate or re5uce t'einterference3

Dou can fin5 t'e interference in t'e GSM #$#tem >$ t'e approac'e#4 #uc' a# anal$#i# of OM2traffic #tati#tic#4 anal$#i# of OM2 alarm#4 T4 an5 anal$#i# of #u>#cri>er complaint#3Generall$4 t'e 5e5icate5 te#t 5e6ice# #uc' a# t'e #i1nalin1 anal$zer an5 #pectrum anal$zer arenot u#e5 in t'i# p'a#e >ecau#e t'e 5e6ice# are >ulk$ an5 eApen#i6e3

2.1 Finding the nter!erence *hrough Ana"ysiso! O0C *rac &tatistics

fter a network i# put into u#e4 at lea#t t'e followin1 mea#urement ta#k# mu#t >e re1i#tere5T20 performance mea#urement4 S220 performance mea#urement4 'an5o6er performancemea#urement4 an5 c'annel allocation performance mea#urement3 Dou can fin5 interfere5 cell# >$ c'eckin1 t'e traffic information4 'an5o6er #tatu#4 an5 mea#urement counter# relate5 to t'e#peec' ;ualit$3

T'e c'eck re#ult >a#e5 on t'e prece5in1 met'o5# onl$ in5icate# t'at potential interference eAi#t#3 Dounee5 to 5etermine w'et'er interference or ot'er pro>lem# occur t'rou1' t'e location proce##3

2.1.1 Finding the nter!erence *hrough thenter!erence and Counter

F'en a BTS i# i5le4 t'e BTS #can# t'e uplink fre;uencie# of t'e TR< >$ i5le time#lot# in aframe an5 recor5# t'e re#ult in fi6e,le6el interference >an5#3 T'e 5efault #ettin1# ofinterference >an5# in 0uawei BS2 are ..*4 .*94 /+4 /*4 +:4 an5 +93 T'e unit i# H5Bm3 T'erelate5 interference >an5# are 5efine5 a# follow#3

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Ta%le 191 i#tri>ution of interference >an5#

nter!erence and %eve" Range

Interference >an5 . H.*9 5Bm to H/+ 5Bm

Interference >an5 H/+ 5Bm to H/* 5Bm

Interference >an5 - H/* 5Bm to H+: 5Bm

Interference >an5 7 H+: 5Bm to H+9 5Bm

Interference >an5 9 H+9 5Bm to H7: 5Bm

2ompare5 wit' ot'er counter#4 t'e interference >an5 counter more 5irectl$ reflect# t'einterference of a cell (t'e mea#urement 6alue of interference #i1nal# in t'e ran1e of H..* 5Bm

to H.*9 5Bm i# inclu5e5 in interference >an5 .)3 T'e interference >an5 counter can onl$reflect w'et'er t'e uplink fre;uenc$ i# interfere53

If a lar1e num>er of interference #i1nal le6el# fall in interference >an5 7 an5 interference >an59 in a cell4 co,c'annel interference occur# in t'e cell3 If a lar1e num>er of interference #i1nalle6el# fall in interference >an5 . an5 interference >an5 4 interference ma$ not occur3 If alar1e num>er of interference #i1nal le6el# fall in interference >an5 -4 interference ma$ occur32on#i5erin1 5ifferent fre;uenc$ reu#e pattern#4 interference ma$ occur in an e51e networkwit' wi5e co6era1e e6en if t'e 6alue eAi#t# in interference >an5 3

T'e BTS #can# uplink fre;uencie# >$ i5le time#lot# to mea#ure interference >an5#3 If t'etraffic 6olume of a cell i# lar1e an5 t'e c'annel u#a1e i# 'i1'4 t'e mea#urement 6alue in t'einterference >an5 i# #mall3 In t'i# ca#e4 t'e interference cannot >e reflecte5 properl$3 To

5etermine w'et'er interference occur# on a TR<4 $ou nee5 to 6iew t'e mea#urement counter#relate5 to c'annel allocation3 T'e mea#urement o>?ect i# a TR<3

2.1.2 Finding the nter!erence *hrough Fre3uency&canning Per!or#ance 0easure#ent

T'i# function i# u#e5 to #can t'e uplink R< le6el# of all fre;uencie# on t'e GSM/**fre;uenc$ >an5 (+/* M0z to /.9 M0z)4 GSM.+** fre;uenc$ >an5 (.+*9 M0z to .++*M0z)4 E,GSM eAten5e5 fre;uenc$ >an5 (++* M0z to +/* M0z)4 an5 R,GSM eAten5e5fre;uenc$ >an5 (+:8 M0z to ++* M0z)3 T'at i#4 t'e interference #i1nal #tren1t' on t'efre;uenc$ >an5# +:8 M0z to /.9 M0z an5 .+*9 M0z to .++* M0z i# #canne53 T'e uplinkfre;uenc$ #cannin1 function i# u#e5 to te#t t'e interference3 T'at i#4 t'e function i# u#e5 to te#tt'e uplink le6el3 T'e mea#urement re#ult reflect# t'e #i1nal #tren1t' of mea#urementfre;uencie# recei6e5 in t'e cell to pro6i5e a reference for en1ineer# to #elect properfre;uencie#3

2.1.$ Finding the nter!erence *hrough R4 5ua"ityand %eve" Per!or#ance 0easure#ent

Ba#e5 on t'e R< le6el mea#urement re#ult an5 R< ;ualit$ mea#urement re#ult4 $ou cananal$ze t'e co6era1e an5 interference of ra5io #i1nal# in a cell3 If t'e le6el i# 'i1' an5 t'e;ualit$ i# poor4 interference ma$ occur3 If t'e le6el i# low an5 t'e ;ualit$ i# poor4 t'e co6era1ema$ >e in#ufficient3 T'e mea#urement counter# can >e u#e5 to locate t'e fault# t'at occur on

t'e R<@T< c'annel# (#uc' a# TR< an5 antenna #$#tem) an5 fin5 po##i>le co,c'annel

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

interference an5 a5?acent,c'annel interference3 T'e mea#urement o>?ect# relate5 to t'e R<;ualit$ an5 le6el mea#urement counter# are TR<#3

2.2 O0C A"ar#s and &ubscriber Co#p"aintsT'e OM2 alarm con#ole can report 'ar5ware fault# on t'e BTS #i5e in time3 Before #tartin1to locate an interference #ource4 $ou mu#t anal$ze t'e alarm information3 Before t'eoptimization4 it i# nece##ar$ to rectif$ 'ar5ware fault#3

Dou cannot c'eck t'e potential interference from t'e MS or ot'er BTS# accor5in1 to t'e alarminformation on t'e alarm con#ole3

Dou can fin5 t'e potential interference accor5in1 to #u>#cri>er complaint#3 T'e informationrelate5 to #u>#cri>er complaint# inclu5e# t'e mo>ile num>er4 mo>ile mo5el4 calle5 num>er4fault #$mptom# on t'e callin1 #i5e4 fault #$mptom# on t'e calle5 #i5e4 an5 #pecific locationw'en t'e fault occur#3 If t'e 5etaile5 complaint information i# collecte54 $ou can ea#il$ fin5network pro>lem#3

Generall$4 t'e complaint information i# incomplete3 T'i# i# >ecau#e a #u>#cri>er ma$ notun5er#tan5 t'e cellular network completel$ or #pecif$ t'e interference #ource3 F'eninterference occur# on a network4 t'e #u>#cri>er 1enerall$ complain# a>out t'e followin1con5ition# (.) T'e noi#e i# 'i1' () T'e peer 6oice i# unclear (-) T'e local 6oice i# unclear(7) T'e call 5rop# (9) 2all# cannot >e ma5e3 T'erefore4 w'en man$ #u>#cri>er# complaina>out t'e #ame pro>lem in an area4 $ou nee5 to c'eck w'et'er interference occur# in t'e area3

2.$ Finding the nter!erence *hrough D* andC5*

T'e T i# t'e mo#t common approac' to fin5in1 interference3 Dou nee5 to c'eck w'et'er t'einterference foun5 t'rou1' anal$#i# of t'e prece5in1 counter# an5 #u>#cri>er complaint# eAi#t# >$ con5uctin1 t'e T (T can >e u#e5 to c'eck onl$ t'e 5ownlink interference)3 Generall$4two t$pe# of T# are a6aila>le i5le mo5e te#t an5 5e5icate5 mo5e te#t3

In an i5le mo5e te#t4 $ou can u#e te#t 5e6ice# to te#t t'e #i1nal le6el of t'e #er6in1 cell an5t'o#e of t'e nei1'>orin1 cell#3 Dou can al#o u#e a fre;uenc$ #canner to te#t t'e #pecifie5fre;uencie# or fre;uenc$ >an5#3 T'e roun5,trip te#t# mu#t >e performe5 aroun5 t'e BTS3

In a 5e5icate5 mo5e te#t4 $ou can u#e te#t 5e6ice# to te#t t'e #i1nal le6el4 R< ;ualit$4 powercontrol le6el4 an5 timin1 a56ance (T) of t'e #er6in1 cell an5 t'o#e of t'e nei1'>orin1 cell#3If t'e continuou# 'i1' le6el ( -*) an5 poor R< ;ualit$ (RA=ual 9) are 5etecte5 in an area4it in5icate# t'at t'e ! interference eAi#t# in t'e area3 Some te#t 5e6ice# can 5i#pla$ t'e frameerror rate ("ER)3 F'en t'e "ER i# 1reater t'an 94 6oice 5i#continuit$ occur#3 T'at i#4interference eAi#t# in t'e area3 Note t'at t'e mea#ure5 "ER of NT i# inaccurate3

T'e #peec' ;ualit$ te#t (2=T) mean# t'at te#t call# are ma5e in #ome important place# or t'earea wit' #u>#cri>er complaint# to #u>?ecti6el$ c'eck w'et'er 6oice 5i#continuit$4 metal#oun54 or acce## failure occur#3 T'e #i1nal le6el of t'e #electe5 te#t point mu#t >e 'i1'er t'an H/* 5Bm3

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2.( Finding the nter!erence *hrough &igna"ing*racing

F'en performin1 t'e T for a cell4 $ou can al#o trace >i# #i1nalin1 of t'e cell3 Ba#e5 on t'emea#urement report4 $ou can c'eck w'et'er t'e uplink interference occur#3

2.+ Finding the nter!erence by *rans#ittingd"e ursts on the *R4

F'en t'e traffic 6olume i# #mall4 $ou can mea#ure t'e interference >an5 in a cell an5 t'entran#mit i5le >ur#t# on all t'e TR<# of t'e cell3 In t'i# ca#e4 if t'e le6el of t'e interference >an5 increa#e# (for eAample4 interference >an5 . >ecome# interference >an5 or a 'i1'er

le6el)4 it in5icate# t'at t'e T< intermo5ulation interference occur#3 T'e operation proce5ure i#a# follow#

.3 !o1 in to t'e !MT4 a# #'own in "i1ure .3.3

8i"ure 191 !o11in1 in to t'e !MT

3 Select an$ BT in t'e te#t cell4 an5 t'en 5ou>le,click Idle Timeslot Test on t'e ri1't3

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8i"ure 491 Te#tin1 i5le time#lot# of t'e >a#e>an5

-3 Select all >a#e>an5# of t'e cell4 #et t'e te#t 5uration4 an5 t'en click Start4 a# #'own in"i1ure -3.3

fter t'e comman5 i# eAecute54 all TR<# in t'e cell work in i5le time#lot T< mo5e3

8i"ure 391 Settin1 parameter# relate5 to t'e i5le time#lot te#t

73 To #top te#tin1 i5le time#lot#4 click Sto!4 a# #'own in "i1ure 73.3

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8i"ure 91 Stoppin1 t'e i5le time#lot te#t

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$ %ocating and &o"ving

nter!erence Prob"e#s

$.1 nter!erence %ocation and Chec, 

$.1.1 Deter#ining an nter!ered Ce"" ased on Ps

If t'e counter#4 #uc' a# t'e call 5rop rate4 'an5o6er #ucce## rate4 traffic 6olume4 con1e#tionrate4 an5 interference >an54 5eteriorate #u55enl$4 it in5icate# t'at t'e cell i# interfere53

In a55ition4 $ou nee5 to c'eck 'i#tor$ operation# of t'e cell4 for eAample4 c'eck w'et'er BTS

'ar5ware i# a55e5 or mo5ifie5 an5 w'et'er 5ata i# mo5ifie53 Dou mu#t c'eck w'et'er t'einterference i# cau#e5 >$ t'e prece5in1 operation#3

If no 5ata i# a5?u#te5 in t'i# p'a#e4 t'e interference ma$ >e cau#e5 >$ 'ar5ware4 inter,network interference4 or a5?acent BTS# of ot'er 6en5or# t'at work in #e1mental networkin1 mo5e orare locate5 in t'e >or5er area of pro6ince# an5 citie#3 It i# recommen5e5 t'at $ou c'eckw'et'er t'e 'ar5ware i# fault$ an5 t'en 5etermine w'et'er ot'er 6en5or# a5?u#t t'e network3If t'e prece5in1 factor# 5o not eAi#t >ut interference eAi#t#4 $ou nee5 to c'eck w'et'er inter,network interference occur#3 "or t'e 5etail# a>out t'e inter,network interference4 #ee t'efollowin1 #ection#3

$.1.2 Chec,ing O0C A"ar#s

If t'e call 5rop rate an5 con1e#tion rate are 'i1' an5 t'e 'an5o6er #ucce## rate i# low4 t'ee;uipment ma$ >e fault$3 T'erefore4 $ou nee5 to c'eck an5 anal$ze OM2 alarm recor5# tofin5 t'eir correlati6it$3

Mo#t OM2 alarm# are relate5 to 'ar5ware fault#4 (for eAample4 no power i# tran#mitte5 5ue to completelo## of t'e TR<) performance 5e1ra5e4 an5 #elf eAcitation3 "or #ome potential fault#4 for eAample4 t'eR< performance of t'e TR< or 2& fall#4 no alarm information i# reporte53

$.1.$ Chec,ing Fre3uency P"anning

Dou can c'eck t'e fre;uenc$ plannin1 of a cell an5 it# nei1'>orin1 cell# to 5etermine w'et'er t'e cell i# interfere53 It i# recommen5e5 t'at $ou u#e a fre;uenc$ plannin1 c'eck tool (for

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eAample4 Na#tar) an5 import t'e en1ineerin1 parameter ta>le an5 confi1uration 5ata of t'ecell for c'eck3

$.1.( Chec,ing Ce"" Para#eter &ettingsSome cell parameter# (#uc' a# 2RO4 'an5o6er t're#'ol54 'an5o6er mea#urement 5uration(P@N criterion)4 nei1'>orin1 cell relation#'ip4 "0 parameter# (#uc' a# MIO4 0SN4 an5 M)ma$ cau#e interference3

If t'e 2RO i# #et to a lar1e 6alue4 t'e MS 1ain# acce## to an i5le cell w'o#e R< le6el i# lowert'an t'o#e of t'e nei1'>orin1 cell#3 F'en t'e call i# ma5e an5 t'e 2@I 6alue i# #maller t'an .5B4 interference occur#3

If a nei1'>orin1 cell i# not confi1ure54 t'e MS cannot >e 'an5e5 o6er to a cell wit' 'i1'#i1nal le6el an5 1oo5 ;ualit$3 In t'i# ca#e4 interference occur#3 If t'e 'an5o6er t're#'ol5 or t'eP@N criterion i# #et to a lar1e 6alue4 'an5o6er# cannot >e ea#il$ performe5 >etween cell#3 In

t'i# ca#e4 weak interference occur# (for eAample4 'an5o6er# are fre;uentl$ performe5 >ecau#eof poor ;ualit$)3

If t'e "0 parameter# (#uc' a# MIO4 0SN4 an5 M) are confi1ure5 improperl$4 #tron1fre;uenc$ interference occur#3

$.1.+ D*

T'e T i# an effecti6e approac' to locatin1 interference pro>lem#3 T'e location approac' i##imilar to t'at 5e#cri>e5 in #ection 3-3 T'e 5ifference i# t'at t'e interfere5 cell i# te#te5 in t'elocation p'a#e3

$.1.6 %ocating the nter!erence *hrough a &pectru#Ana"y7er

Before 5eterminin1 t'e location of an inter,network interference #ource4 $ou can performfre;uenc$ #cannin1 te#t# for t'e interfere5 area# >$ t'e BTS antenna (t'at i#4 fre;uenc$#cannin1 te#t# for t'e local BTS)3

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

8i"ure 191 2onnection te#t of t'e local BTS t'rou1' t'e #pectrum anal$zer 

Dou can u#e MS@T<,Te#t an5 0!,O&T port# on t'e BTS 2& to locate eAternal interference3T'e two port# can >e u#e5 to te#t R< #i1nal# of t'e antenna wit'out affectin1 t'e runnin1 of

t'e BTS30sT;7Test !ort T'i# port i# locate5 at t'e front en5 of t'e 2&3 Dou can connect t'e portto t'e #pectrum anal$zer to 6iew all #i1nal #pectrum# recei6e5 >$ t'e antenna3 2on#i5erin1 t'e >an5wi5t' of t'e antenna4 t'e #i1nal #pectrum# 5i#tri>ute5 in t'e ran1e of +** M0z to .***M0z can >e normall$ te#te53 # t'ere i# a couplin1 5e1ree of -* 5B >etween t'e antenna an5t'e M#@T<,Te#t port4 an5 t'e >ack1roun5 noi#e eAi#t# on t'e #pectrum anal$zer4 #mall #i1nal#pectrum# cannot >e te#te53 Generall$4 t'e te#t port i# u#e5 w'en lar1e #i1nal# an5 GSM R<out>an5 fre;uenc$ #cannin1 are te#te53

T'e amplitu5e of te#t #i1nal# i# calculate5 a# follow# J ( -*) 5Bm3

In t'e formula4 in5icate# t'e #i1nal amplitu5e te#te5 on t'e M#@T<,Te#t port an5 in5icate#t'e #i1nal amplitu5e on t'e top R" port of t'e BTS ca>inet3

C-< 6L7=<T !ort Dou can connect t'e 2& 0!,O&T port to t'e #pectrum anal$zer wit'a ca>le to locate eAternal interference3 T'e connection 'a# t'e followin1 a56anta1e#

T'e #er6ice# on t'e BTS are not 5i#rupte5 an5 t'e #i1nal #pectrum# recei6e5 >$ t'e BTS

antenna can >e monitore5 w'en t'e BTS work#3

T'e recei6e5 #mall #i1nal# can >e amplifie5 to re5uce t'e >ack1roun5 noi#e of t'e

#pectrum anal$zer3

# t'e 1ain of t'e tri>utar$ from t'e T<@R< NT to 0!,O&T port i# 5B on t'e R<fre;uenc$ >an54 t'e 6alue 5B i# 5e5ucte5 from t'e #i1nal amplitu5e te#te5 on t'e 2&0!,O&T port to o>tain t'e #i1nal amplitu5e te#te5 on t'e top R" port of t'e BTS ca>inet3 T'eamplitu5e of te#t #i1nal# i# calculate5 a# follow#

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

2 J (B H ) 5Bm

In t'e formula4 B in5icate# t'e #i1nal amplitu5e te#te5 on t'e 0!,O&T port an5 2 in5icate#t'e #i1nal amplitu5e on t'e top R" port of t'e BTS ca>inet3

If an inter,network interference #i1nal cau#e# noi#e4 t'e interference #i1nal an5 u#eful #i1nal#are #imultaneou#l$ recei6e5 >$ t'e antenna3 In t'i# ca#e4 $ou can connect t'e #pectrumanal$zer to t'e 0!,O&T or MS@T<,TEST port of t'e BTS 2& to capture t'e interference#i1nal #pectrum4 anal$ze t'e c'aracteri#tic# of t'e interference #i1nal4 an5 locate t'einterference #ource3

It i# recommen5e5 t'at $ou 5etermine t'e approAimate 5irection of t'e interference #ourceaccor5in1 to t'e cell cro##,connection te#t of t'e local BTS an5 t'en locate t'e interference#ource >$ u#in1 t'e #pectrum anal$zer an5 #mall antenna3

.3 Cell cross7connection test of t'e local BTS

T'e #eriou#l$ interfere5 BTS mu#t >e 5etermine5 fir#t3 Generall$4 t'e BTS in ur>an area#

'a# t'ree cell#3 Dou can connect t'e #pectrum anal$zer to t'e te#t port# of t'e 2&# int'e t'ree cell# to capture t'e interference #i1nal an5 recor5 t'e fre;uenc$4 amplitu5e4#pectrum 1rap'ic#4 an5 #i1nal c'aracteri#tic# of t'e interference #i1nal3 In a55ition4 $oucan 5etermine t'e cell 5irection of t'e interference #ource >$ anal$zin1 t'e amplitu5ean5 fre;uenc$ of t'e interference #i1nal recei6e5 >$ t'e t'ree cell#3

fter 5eterminin1 t'e interfere5 cell4 $ou nee5 to te#t it# nei1'>orin1 cell#4 e#peciall$ t'enei1'>orin1 cell# pointin1 to t'e interfere5 cell3 T'e te#t met'o5 i# a# follow# 2onnectt'e #pectrum anal$zer to t'e te#t port of t'e 2& in t'e cell4 an5 t'en recor5 t'efre;uenc$4 amplitu5e4 #pectrum 1rap'ic#4 an5 #i1nal c'aracteri#tic# of t'e interference#i1nal3 If multiple #pectrum anal$zer# are u#e5 to #imultaneou#l$ te#t multiple cell#4 t'eefficienc$ of capturin1 t'e interference #i1nal #ource i# 'i1'3

fter multiple te#t# >$ t'i# met'o54 $ou can anal$ze te#t recor5# in eac' cell an5 t'enfin5 t'e cell# w'ere t'e amplitu5e an5 fre;uenc$ of t'e interference #i1nal are 'i1'3fter fin5in1 t'e o6erlappe5 area of t'e cell#4 $ou can 5etermine t'e approAimate areaw'ere interference occur#3

3 Locatin" e(ternal interference sources

Set t'e #pectrum anal$zer to work in a proper #tate3 T'e parameter #ettin1# of t'e /**M0z BTS are a# follow# f* J /* M0z4 SPN J -* M0z4 TT J *4 RBF J -* k0z4an5 CBF J -* k0z3 T'e parameter #ettin1# of t'e .+** M0z BTS are a# follow# f*J .:.9 M0z4 SPN J .* M0z4 TT J *4 RBF J -* k0z4 an5 CBF J -* k0z3

Select t'e output port of t'e 5i6i5er in t'e interfere5 cell3 To en#ure t'at t'e BTSwork#4 $ou mu#t #elect an i5le output port connecte5 to t'e loa5 (eit'er main or5i6er#it$ i# a6aila>le)3

!oo#en t'e #electe5 connector4 an5 t'en intro5uce t'e output #i1nal of t'e 5i6i5er tot'e #pectrum anal$zer wit' a coaAial ca>le3 Dou mu#t pre6ent a lar1e input powerfrom 5ama1in1 t'e meter3

2'eck t'e #pectrum 5i#tri>ution on t'e #pectrum anal$zer4 an5 t'en fin5 t'e a>normalinterference #i1nal3 T'e le6el of t'e interference #i1nal i# calculate5 a# follow#Interference le6el on t'e antenna port J Interference le6el te#te5 >$ t'e #pectrumanal$zer H 5B - 5B of ca>le lo##

"or eAample Interference le6el on t'e antenna port J H89 5Bm H .9 - H : J H+75Bm3 Note T'e ca>le lo## 6arie# wit' 5ifferent ca>le len1t'#3 Dou can c'eck w'et'er t'e interference le6el affect# t'e #$#tem >$ t'e followin1 #tan5ar5#

(.) F'en MaAimum interference le6el on t'e antenna port J H.*+ 5Bm (a##ume5

#en#iti6it$) H / 5B of co,c'annel interference J H..: 5Bm4 t'e #$#tem i# not affecte53

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

() F'en MaAimum interference le6el on t'e output port of t'e 5i6i5er J H..: 5Bm .9 H - : J H/+ 5Bm4 t'e #$#tem i# not affecte53

-3 Searc'in" e(ternal interference sources

Dou can 5etermine t'e approAimate 5irection of t'e interference #ource >$ t'e output port of t'e BTS 5i6i5er3 To locate t'e interference #ource4 $ou nee5 to u#e a 5irectionalantenna for #earc'3 T'e operation proce5ure i# a# follow#

.) Select a te#t point t'at i# not >locke5 >$ >uil5in1# in t'e interfere5 cell3 Set t'e#pectrum anal$zer an5 in#tall t'e 5irectional antenna properl$3

) Place t'e antenna on a rotar$ platform if a6aila>le wit' t'e >eam of t'e antenna pointin1 to t'e front 5irection an5 6ertical polarization u#e53

8i"ure 194 !ocation of t'e Da1i,&5a 5irectional antenna

-) # #'own in t'e prece5in1 fi1ure4 if t'e polarization mo5e of t'e interference#ource i# 5ifferent from t'at of t'e monitorin1 antenna4 t'e recei6e5 #i1nal i# weakan5 t'e interference cannot >e foun5 ea#il$3 In t'i# ca#e4 $ou mu#t turn t'e Da1i,&5aantenna >$ /* 5e1ree# (t'e antenna 5irection remain# unc'an1e5)3

7) nal$ze t'e 5i#tri>ution of #i1nal #pectrum# to 5etermine t'e interference #i1nalan5 recor5 t'e #i1nal #tren1t' an5 t'e azimut' an5 pitc' an1le of t'e 5irectionalantenna >eam3

9) Searc' for a new te#t point alon1 t'e 5irection of t'e antenna >eam4 an5 t'en return#tep for te#tin1 until t'e interference #ource i# foun53

8) If t'e 5irection# of t'e interference #ource are te#te5 in t'e two te#t point#4 t'einter#ection of t'e two 5irection# i# t'e approAimate location of t'e interference#ource3 Dou can #earc' for t'e interference #ource aroun5 t'e inter#ection3

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

:) Take t'e Da1i,&5a antenna an5 DBT9*4 reac' t'e 5etermine5 interference #ourcearea4 an5 t'en #earc' un>locke5 >uil5in1# for t'e interference #ource3

Generall$4 a #tron1 interference #i1nal can >e te#te5 >$ t'e DBT9* near t'e interference

#ource3 Dou nee5 to c'eck w'et'er t'ere i# a #c'ool4 a 1o6ernmental or1an4 or aconfi5ential unit t'at ma$ u#e interference e;uipment3

If interference i# foun54 $ou mu#t re;ue#t t'e cu#tomer to eliminate t'e interference3

$.1.8 9p"in, Fre3uency &canner !or d"e *R4s

If t'e time w'en t'e inter,network interference occur# i# 5etermine54 $ou can u#e a #pectrumanal$zer for timel$ te#t >a#e5 on t'e time3 F'en c'eckin1 t'e inter,network interference4'owe6er4 $ou cannot ea#il$ 5etermine t'e time rule of interference #i1nal#3 fter performin1te#t# for a lon1 time >$ t'e #pectrum anal$zer4 $ou ma$ i1nore or not fin5 interference #i1nal#3T'e #cannin1 time of t'e #pectrum anal$zer (for eAample4 DBT9*) u#e5 in a pro?ect cannot >e 5ecrea#e5 to a #mall 6alue (t'e 6alue i# 9* m# 1enerall$4 t'at i#4 it take# 9* m# for t'e

#pectrum anal$zer to #can t'e entire #pectrum)3 T'erefore4 if $ou 5o not 1ra#p t'e time rule ortime 5omain c'aracteri#tic# of interference #i1nal#4 t'e efficienc$ of t'e #pectrum anal$zer i#low3

T'e #canner can #can uplink fre;uencie# on t'e local i5le TR<#4 an5 t'e #cannin1 re#ult5i#pla$# t'e uplink interference of t'e TR<# in t'e form of 5ata an5 1rap'ic#3 In a55ition4 t'e#cannin1 re#ult al#o 5i#pla$# t'e peak le6el an5 1eneration time of interference on eac'fre;uenc$ 5urin1 t'e te#t3 Dou can u#e t'e #pectrum anal$zer to #can t'e entire fre;uenc$ >an5(fre;uenc$ * to fre;uenc$ .7) or a #in1le fre;uenc$ to monitor t'e interference w'en eac'time#lot recei6e# t'e #i1nal# from t'e fre;uenc$3

T'e late#t 6er#ion of t'e #canner i# 63*3 "or 5etail#4

See ppen5iA Operation Guide to Uplink Frequency Scanner for Local T! 3

$.2 %ocating nter!erence Prob"e#sGenerall$4 interference i# 5i6i5e5 into t'ree t$pe# interference from 'ar5ware e;uipment4intra,network interference4 an5 inter,network interference3 If interference occur# in a cell4 $oumu#t c'eck w'et'er t'e BTS of t'e cell run# normall$3 t t'e remote en54 $ou mu#t c'eckw'et'er an$ alarm relate5 to t'e antenna #$#tem4 TR<4 or BTS clock i# 1enerate53 t t'e localen54 $ou mu#t c'eck w'et'er (.) t'e antenna i# 5ama1e5 or immer#e5 in t'e water () t'efee5er (inclu5in1 ?umper) i# 5ama1e5 or immer#e5 in t'e water (-) t'e 2& or TR< i#fault$ (7) t'e BTS ?umper i# connecte5 improperl$ or t'e clock i# unlocke53 T'en4 $ou mu#tc'eck w'et'er intra,network co,c'annel or a5?acent,c'annel interference occur# 5ue toimproper fre;uenc$ plannin1 or 5ata confi1uration3 "inall$4 $ou mu#t 5etermine w'et'erinter,network interference occur#3

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

8i"ure 191 Proce5ure for c'eckin1 t'e interference

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

T'e !recedin" c'ec+ !rocedure is !erformed in t'e follo$in" se:uence* intra7net$or+interference 7> 'ard$are !ro%lems 7> inter7net$or+ interference9 T'e !recedin" !rocedure is forreference only9 In !ractice) you can fle(i%ly ad?ust t'e ste!s to c'ec+ t'e interference9

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

$.$ nter!erence Caused by :ardware;3uip#ent

F'en t'e interference i# cau#e5 >$ t'e 'ar5ware e;uipment4 t'e interference #i1nal i# #tron1an5 t'e 5uration i# lon13 If t'e interference i# cau#e5 >$ intermo5ulation4 t'e traffic 6olume i#1reatl$ a##ociate53 F'en t'e traffic 6olume i# #mall4 $ou can #en5 i5le >ur#t# to c'eck t'einterference on t'e BTS maintenance con#ole3

ccor5in1 to t'e traffic #tati#tic#4 $ou can c'eck t'e 5ata in interference >an5 - to interference >an5 93 Dou mu#t fin5 t'e occurrence rule of interference >an5# >$ c'eckin1 t'e time#e1ment4 traffic 6olume4 weat'er c'an1e4 an5 cell location3 In a55ition4 $ou mu#t c'eckw'et'er t'e #imilar interference >an5# e6er appear in t'e cell an5 t'en compre'en#i6el$anal$ze t'e cau#e#3

If t'e interference >an5 eAi#t# or increa#e# wit' t'e traffic 6olume4 an5 t'e eAternal

interference i# eliminate5 t'rou1' fre;uenc$ replacement4 it in5icate# t'at t'e internalinterference of t'e BTS ma$ occur3 To eliminate t'e internal interference4 5o a# follow#

.3 2'eck w'et'er t'e TR< or 2& i# fault$3 If t'e internal interference i# cau#e5 >$ t'efault4 >lock an5 t'en replace t'e >oar53

3 2'eck t'e connection >etween t'e output port on t'e ca>inet top an5 t'e ?umper an5 t'econnection >etween t'e ?umper an5 t'e fee5er3 If t'e port connection# are improper4 t'efront,en5 circuit of t'e BTS ma$ >e in un#ta>le #tate3 In t'i# ca#e4 t'e #elf,eAcitationo#cillation of t'e circuit cau#e# wi5e>an5 interference in t'e R< >an53

-3 2'eck w'et'er t'e pa##i6e intermo5ulation occur# in t'e antenna #$#tem3 T'e c'eck  proce5ure i# a# follow#

&tep 1 Make preparation# an5 fin5 potential pro>lem#3

Before c'eckin1 interfere5 cell#4 $ou mu#t 5i#a>le 5ownlink power control in all t'e cell# oft'e BTS an5 #en5 i5le >ur#t# on all t'e TR<# to eApo#e all t'e cell# wit' potential pro>lem# in >u#$ 'our#3

fter reac'in1 t'e BTS4 5o a# follow#

73 i#a>le t'e alarm# t'at ma$ >e reporte5 in t'e operation3

93 i#a>le t'e fre;uenc$ 'oppin1 an5 TR< ai5in1 function# in t'e cell3

83 i#a>le 5ownlink power control in t'e cell3

fter c'eckin1 t'e BTS4 $ou mu#t ena>le t'e function# in6ol6e5 in t'e prece5in1 #tep#3

&tep 2 2'eck w'et'er t'e connector i# fiAe53

If t'e connector i# not fiAe54 intermo5ulation occur# in t'e BTS3 T'i# pro>lem can >e ea#il$c'ecke5 an5 #ol6e53 ccor5in1 to t'e eAperience from t'e Tielin1 pro?ect4 t'e loo#ene5connector can >e #crewe5 manuall$3

T'e connector# to >e c'ecke5 on t'e BTS #i5e inclu5e t'e ?umper connector4 fee5erconnector4 #ur1e protector connector4 an5 repeater connector3 T'at i#4 $ou nee5 to c'eckconnector B4 connector 2 (#ee t'e followin1 fi1ure)4 an5 all connector# in t'e in5oor antenna#$#tem3 If a connector i# loo#e4 $ou can #crew it >$ 'an5 an5 t'en #ecure it wit' a #panner (noteAcee5in1 *39 circle)3

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

If t'e interference pro>lem i# #ol6e5 after t'e operation# are complete4 $ou can 1o to #tep +3Ot'erwi#e4 1o to t'e neAt #tep3

&tep $ Replace t'e lower ?umper an5 remake t'e fee5er connector3

If a #pectrum anal$zer wit' t'e >ack1roun5 noi#e lower t'an H/* 5Bm an5 t'e #cannin1 #pee5#mall t'an *3.# i# a6aila>le4 $ou can connect t'e #pectrum anal$zer to t'e uplink #i1nal output port of t'e "2& an5 t'en #li1'tl$ #'ake t'e lower ?umper for a>out *39 minute (t'e locationi# * cm to 7* cm awa$ from t'e connector4 t'e #'akin1 amplitu5e i# - cm to 9 cm4 an5 t'efre;uenc$ i# . 0z)3 If t'e >ack1roun5 noi#e of t'e uplink c'annel >an5 fluctuate#4 $ou nee5 toreplace t'e lower ?umper3 If $ou #li1'tl$ #'ake t'e port >etween t'e fee5er an5 t'e lower ?umper4 an5 t'e >ack1roun5 noi#e of t'e R< >an5 fluctuate#4 $ou nee5 to remake t'e fee5erconnector3

If t'e prece5in1 #pectrum anal$zer i# una6aila>le4 $ou nee5 to mea#ure t'e interference >an5#on t'e BS2 #i5e to c'eck t'e >ack1roun5 noi#e3 If t'e interference >an5 c'an1e# o>6iou#l$4$ou nee5 to replace t'e lower ?umper an5 remake t'e fee5er connector3

If t'e interference pro>lem i# #ol6e5 after t'e operation# are complete4 $ou can 1o to #tep +3Ot'erwi#e4 1o to t'e neAt #tep3

&tep ( Remo6e t'e #ur1e protector an5 repeater3

If a #ur1e protector or repeater eAi#t# in t'e antenna #$#tem4 $ou nee5 to remo6e it3

If t'e interference pro>lem i# #ol6e5 after t'e operation# are complete4 $ou can 1o to #tep +3Ot'erwi#e4 1o to t'e neAt #tep3

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

&tep + Replace t'e filter in t'e 2M network3

If a filter eAi#t# in t'e 2M network4 $ou nee5 to replace it3 Ot'erwi#e4 #kip t'e #tep3

If t'e interference pro>lem i# #ol6e5 after t'e operation# are complete4 $ou can 1o to #tep +3Ot'erwi#e4 1o to t'e neAt #tep3

&tep 6 2'eck w'et'er t'e intermo5ulation of main e;uipment or antenna intermo5ulation occur#3

T'e main e;uipment of t'e BTS refer# to t'e "2& an5 P& (or PM for t'e -**82)3 Ift'e interference occur# in c'annel or c'annel B4 $ou nee5 to c'eck w'et'er to replace t'emain e;uipment w'en t'e pro>lem cannot >e #ol6e5 >$ t'e prece5in1 #tep#3

Dou can c'eck w'et'er to replace t'e "2& in t'e followin1 wa$#

.3 If a lar1e,power4 low,intermo5ulation loa5 i# a6aila>le4 it i# more accurate for $ou toc'eck w'et'er to replace t'e "2&3 2onnect c'annel of t'e main e;uipment to t'elow,intermo5ulation loa54 an5 t'en #en5 i5le >ur#t# on all TR<# of t'e c'annel3 O>#er6e

t'e interference >an5# for two minute#3 If interference >an5 or a 'i1'er le6el i# foun54$ou nee5 to replace t'e "2& or P& in c'annel 3 &#e t'e #ame met'o5 to te#tc'annel B3 If interference >an5 or 'i1'er le6el i# foun54 $ou nee5 to replace t'e "2&or P& in c'annel B3 If onl$ interference >an5 . eAi#t#4 it in5icate# t'at t'e "2& or P& work#3

3 If a low,intermo5ulation loa5 i# una6aila>le4 $ou nee5 to >lock all TR<# in c'annel B of t'e cell an5 5i#connect c'annel B of t'e main e;uipment from t'e connector of t'e lower  ?umper3 Sen5 i5le >ur#t# on all TR<# in c'annel 4 an5 t'en o>#er6e t'e cell for fi6eminute#3 If t'e interference pro>lem per#i#t#4 $ou nee5 to replace t'e "2& or P& inc'annel 3 &#e t'e #ame met'o5 to te#t c'annel B3 If t'e interference pro>lem per#i#t#4$ou nee5 to replace t'e "2& or P& in c'annel B3

-3 If a low,intermo5ulation loa5 i# una6aila>le4 $ou can al#o u#e t'e followin1 met'o5 for c'eckin13 Remo6e one ?umper in a normal cell an5 fault$ cell re#pecti6el$3 2onnect t'e ?umper in t'e normal cell to t'e main e;uipment in t'e fault$ cell an5 t'e ?umper in t'efault$ cell to t'e main e;uipment in t'e normal cell4 an5 t'en 5i#connect ot'er two ?umper#3 O>#er6e t'e cell for fi6e minute#3 If t'e interference per#i#t# in t'e fault$ cell4 itin5icate# t'at t'e main e;uipment in t'e c'annel of t'e cell i# fault$3 In t'i# ca#e4 $ounee5 to replace t'e main e;uipment3 If t'e interference occur# in t'e normal cell4 itin5icate# t'at t'e antenna intermo5ulation occur# in t'e fault$ cell3 In t'i# ca#e4 $ou nee5to replace t'e antenna3 If no interference occur# in t'e two cell#4 it in5icate# t'at t'eantenna an5 t'e main e;uipment in t'e c'annel work properl$3 In t'i# ca#e4 $ou nee5 toc'eck t'e main e;uipment in t'e ot'er c'annel3

If t'e interference #$mptom# in c'annel an5 c'annel B are con#i#tent4 t'e antenna

intermo5ulation ma$ occur3

fter replacin1 t'e fault$ main e;uipment4 o>#er6e t'e interference >an5# for two minute#3 Ift'e interference #till occur# in t'e cell4 $ou nee5 to procee5 wit' t'e neAt #tep3 If t'einterference pro>lem i# #ol6e54 $ou can 1o to #tep +3

low,intermo5ulation loa5 i# re;uire5 in t'e fir#t met'o54 an5 two man$ operation# are performe5 int'e #econ5 met'o53 T'e t'ir5 met'o5 i# #imple4 >ut t'e 5ownlink interference occur# in t'e a5?acentBTS#3 It i# recommen5e5 t'at $ou u#e t'e t'ir5 met'o5 to c'eck w'et'er t'e main e;uipment an5antenna are fault$3

&tep 8 Replace t'e part# on t'e tower (for eAample4 t'e antenna)3

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

fter c'eckin1 t'e intermo5ulation on t'e BTS #i5e4 $ou nee5 to c'eck t'e part# on t'e tower3"or a new #ite4 $ou can replace t'e upper ?umper an5 remake t'e fee5er connector3 "or anearlier #ite4 $ou can replace t'e antenna an5 upper ?umper an5 remake t'e fee5er connector3

If t'e intermo5ulation pro>lem per#i#t# after t'e prece5in1 operation# are complete4 $ou nee5to replace t'e fee5er (t'i# ca#e #el5om occur#)3

If t'e interference pro>lem i# #ol6e5 after t'e operation# are complete4 $ou can 1o to #tep +3

&tep ' etermine w'et'er t'e interference pro>lem i# #ol6e53

Sen5 i5le >ur#t# on all TR<# in t'e cell4 an5 t'en o>#er6e t'e #pectrum anal$zer for fi6eminute# or interference >an5# for 'alf an 'our3

.3 If t'e interference pro>lem i# #ol6e54 t'e c'eck proce5ure i# complete3

3 If t'e interference pro>lem per#i#t#4 $ou nee5 to return to t'e prece5in1 #tep# for furt'er c'eckin13

Generall$4 t'e intermo5ulation occur# on t'e connector# in t'e antenna #$#tem3 T'erefore4 $ou mu#t protect t'e connector# carefull$ in t'e prece5in1 operation#3 fter eac' operation i# complete4 $ou nee5to c'eck w'et'er t'e connector# are connecte5 relia>l$3

Proce5ure for c'eckin1 BTS intermo5ulation

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

T'e followin1 #ection# 5e#cri>e 'ow to locate an5 eliminate t'e interference in t'e form ofca#e#4 an5 onl$ t'e ca#e co5e4 name4 an5 5ate are li#te53 "or 5etail# on t'e ca#e#4 6i#it'ttp@@#upport3'uawei3com an5 t'en c'oo#e -ocumentation  0aintenance E(!erience 

0o%ile Communication3

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

1.1.1 Poor Antenna Per!or#ance

T'e antenna i# a pa##i6e component3 If t'e antenna i# 5ama1e5 or it# performance i# poor4

interference occur#3

Case Code Case -a#e Approva" Date

**.*:8. !ocation of an Interference Pro>lem **.,.*,/

**.:.+9 Seriou# Intra,network Interference an5 2allrop Occur ue to Poor ntenna Performance

**,*-,*7

$.$.2 Fau"ty Connectors in the Antenna &yste#

T'e R" #i1nal in t'e GSM #$#tem i# a microwa6e #i1nal3 If an$ connector >etween t'e TR<42&4 fee5er4 an5 antenna i# loo#e4 interference ma$ occur3

Case Code Case -a#e Approva" Date

**.9..+ Interference 2au#e5 >$ 2onnector# in t'entenna S$#tem

**,*/,.

$.$.$ nverse"y Connected Antenna

T'e pro>lem i# a common pro>lem3 If t'e antenna i# connecte5 in6er#el$4 t'e fre;uenc$ u#e5 >$ a cell i# 5ifferent from t'e planne5 fre;uenc$3 In t'i# ca#e4 t'e co,c'annel interference4a5?acent,c'annel interference4 call 5rop4 or 'an5o6er failure occur#3 T'e pro>lem 1reatl$affect# t'e ;ualit$ of t'e network wit' le## fre;uenc$ re#ource#3

Case Code Case -a#e Approva" Date

**...*+ &plink Interference 2au#e5 >$ In6er#el$2onnecte5 ntenna

**.,..,.-

***9-: Interference an5 Nei1'>orin1 2ell Error#2au#e5 >$ Improper ntenna 2onnection

**.,*/,*7

$.$.( Fau"ty *R4

T'e TR< i# a core component of t'e BTS3 F'en t'e TR< i# fault$4 t'e interference increa#e#4t'e co6era1e i# in#ufficient4 an5 t'e network acce## fail#3

CaseCode

Case -a#e Approva"Date

**..9./ Two 2ell# re Seriou#l$ Interfere5 ue to t'e "ault$R" 2ircuit on t'e TR<

**.,..,8

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CaseCode

Case -a#e Approva"Date

***9/7* Interference an5 0i1' 2ell 2on1e#tion 2au#e5 >$"ault$ TR< **.,*-,/

***:878 Self EAcitation on TR< **.,*/,*7

$.$.+ Fau"ty *& A#p"ier and *0A

T'e BTS amplifier an5 TM are amplification 5e6ice# of t'e BTS3 F'en t'e BTS amplifieran5 TM are fault$4 t'e interference increa#e#4 t'e co6era1e i# in#ufficient4 an5 t'e networkacce## fail#3

Case Code Case -a#e Approva"Date

S2*****/9/: Interference an5 2all rop 2au#e5 >$ BTSmplifier 

**8,9,8

$.$.6 9nb"oc,ed C"oc, 

"or t'e GSM #$#tem4 t'e clock i# ?u#t like a ner6ou# #$#tem of t'e e;uipment3 F'en t'e BTSclock i# un>locke54 t'e clock off#et i# lar1e3 In t'i# ca#e4 t'e followin1 ca#e# occur (.) n MS

cannot >e locke5 at t'e fre;uenc$ of t'e BTS an5 t'u# t'e network acce## fail# () n MScannot camp on t'e cell of t'e BTS (-) T'e BTS cannot properl$ 5eco5e MS #i1nal# an5 t'u# >it error# occur3

 Note F'en t'e clock i# un>locke54 t'e real interference 5oe# not occur3 F'en t'etran#mi##ion BER increa#e#4 'owe6er4 t'e 6oice ;ualit$ fall#3

Case Code Case -a#e Approva"Date

**.:9/* 2lock I# &n>locke5 F'en t'e ProtectionGroun5in1 2a>le of t'e Time#lot Inte1rator I# Not2onnecte5

**,*-,.+

$.$.8 Other Fau"ts

T'e intra,network interference or inter,network interference 5oe# not occur4 >ut #omee;uipment fault# ma$ cau#e poor #peec' ;ualit$3

Case Code Case -a#e Approva"Date

**.9:7 Q2lankQ 2au#e5 >$ "ault$ Trunk 2onnector in t'e2all

**.,.,./

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

$.$.' &u##ary

If t'e TR<4 2&4 fee5er4 antenna4 ?umper4 TM4 or connector i# fault$4 t'e interference an5call 5rop ma$ occur3 "or 5etail#4 #ee t'e prece5in1 ca#e#3 T'erefore4 w'en t'e interferenceoccur#4 $ou mu#t c'eck BTS 'ar5ware3 In a55ition4 w'en t'e BTS clock i# un>locke54 t'einterference an5 call 5rop ma$ al#o occur3

Generall$4 t'e 'ar5ware fault can >e locate5 >$ >oar5 #witc'in1 or traffic mea#urement 5ata3If a #pectrum anal$zer i# a6aila>le4 $ou can fa#t locate t'e pro>lem3 F'en t'e interferenceoccur# in a cell w'ere no 5ata i# mo5ifie54 $ou mu#t c'eck w'et'er t'e 'ar5ware i# fault$3T'e prece5in1 interference relate5 to t'e BTS i# t'e uplink interference t'at can >e reflecte5in t'e interference >an53

$.( ntra)-etwor, nter!erenceGenerall$4 t'e intra,network interference in t'e GSM #$#tem refer# to t'e co,c'annelinterference an5 a5?acent,c'annel interference3 Dou can c'eck co,c'annel an5 a5?acent,c'annel reu#e to 5etermine w'et'er t'e fre;uenc$ plan i# rea#ona>le3 "or 5etail#4 #ee t'efre;uenc$ plannin1 1ui5e3 To o>tain t'e fre;uenc$ plannin1 1ui5e4 6i#it'ttp@@#upport3'uawei3com an5 t'en c'oo#e -ocumentation  0o%ile Communication 

En"ineer -ocument  Net$or+ Plannin" and =!timi/ation  GS0 Net$or+ Plannin"

and =!timi/ation  Guide3

F'en a5?u#tin1 t'e fre;uenc$ plan4 $ou mu#t control t'e co6era1e of eac' cell a# re;uire53"or a network wit' few fre;uenc$ re#ource# an5 'i1' traffic4 it i# 6er$ important to control t'e

co6era1e an5 en#ure proper co,c'annel an5 a5?acent,c'annel reu#e3 F'en t'e traffic 6olumei# 'i1'4 t'e intra,network interference increa#e#3 F'en t'e interference occur#4 $ou mu#tc'eck t'e topolo1$ of t'e BTS an5 fre;uenc$ plan map (t'e operation i# t'e ea#ie#t an5 'a#t'e minimum effect) to fin5 t'e fre;uencie# w'ere t'e co,c'annel or a5?acent,c'annelinterference occur#3 T'en4 $ou nee5 to mo5if$ #ome fre;uencie# to c'eck w'et'er t'einterference 5ecrea#e# or c'an1e#3 In a55ition4 #ome improper parameter confi1uration# al#ocau#e fre;uenc$ colli#ion an5 interference3 In t'i# ca#e4 t'e interference ma$ occur3

$.(.1 Co)Channe" or Ad<acent)Channe" nter!erence

"re;uenc$ reu#e i# re;uire5 in t'e GSM #$#tem3 F'en t'e reu#e 5i#tance >etween two cell#t'at u#e t'e #ame fre;uenc$ or a5?acent fre;uencie# i# #mall relati6e to t'e cell ra5iu#4 co,

c'annel interference or a5?acent,c'annel interference ma$ occur3 In a55ition4 t'e reflection of#urface feature# can al#o cau#e co,c'annel interference or a5?acent,c'annel interference3

T'e GSM #$#tem i# a 5upleA #$#tem4 an5 t'e uplink an5 5ownlink fre;uencie# ma$ >einterfere53 F'en t'e 5ownlink fre;uencie# are interfere54 $ou can u#e t'e eAi#tin1 Te;uipment to 5etermine w'et'er co,c'annel interference occur# >$ t'e in5irect mea#urement3If t'e 'i1' R< #i1nal le6el ( H+* 5Bm) an5 poor R< ;ualit$ (RA=ual 9) are 5etecte5 in anarea4 it in5icate# t'at co,c'annel or a5?acent,c'annel interference ma$ occur on t'e fre;uenc$3T'e T e;uipment can >e u#e5 to te#t onl$ 5ownlink fre;uencie#3 F'en t'e uplink fre;uenc$i# interfere54 $ou can trace #u>#cri>er #i1nalin1 on t'e >i# interface to #$nc'ronou#l$ te#t t'euplink an5 5ownlink3 In a55ition4 $ou can furt'er anal$ze t'e uplink interference >$ t'einterference >an5 5ata in t'e traffic #tati#tic#3

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

8i"ure 191 2ellular cell#

"i1ure .3. #'ow# four BTS# BTS 4 BTS B4 BTS 24 an5 BTS 3 If fre;uenc$ N i# allocate5to cell ,-4 fre;uenc$ N cannot >e allocate5 to .4 4 B.4 B4 B-4 2.4 24 2-4 .4 4 or-4 an5 fre;uenc$ N. cannot >e allocate5 to .4 4 -4 B.4 24 .4 or (fre;uenc$'oppin1 i# 5i#a>le5)3

CaseCode

Case -a#e Approva"Date

Re#ar,s

***+../ MS 2annot Be cce##e5 ue to 2o,2'annel Interference Between Two2ell#

**.,*8,/ 2o,c'annelinterference

***-79. More 2all rop# Occur# F'enntenna Si1nal# re Reflecte5

**,*/,.8 5?acent,c'annelinterference

***7*-7 0i1' 2all rop Rate in Some BTS#F'en t'e "re;uenc$ Plannin1 I#Improper 

**,*/,.8 5?acent,c'annelinterference

Reference ca#e

8ault sym!tom* F'en t'e interference occur# in t'e BTS (O) in a #u>ur>an area4 t'e call5rop rate i# 'i1' an5 t'e 6oice ;ualit$ i# poor3 T'e #$mptom# are #tron1 5i#continuit$ an5noi#e (roar)3

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

Location !rocedure*

.3 "re;uenc$ 87 (B220 fre;uenc$) an5 fre;uenc$ / are allocate5 to t'e BTS3

3 &#e a te#t MS to make a call an5 retain t'e call4 an5 t'en u#e anot'er MS to perform afre;uenc$ #cannin1 te#t for fre;uenc$ 873 F'en t'e MS i# clo#e to t'e ur>an area4 t'e#i1nal #tren1t' of fre;uenc$ 87 i# #maller t'an H.** 5Bm an5 t'e call 5rop#3 F'en t'eMS i# in t'e ur>an area4 t'e #i1nal #tren1t' of fre;uenc$ 87 #u55enl$ ri#e# to H89 5Bman5 5i#appear# after a>out .** #econ5#3 In t'i# ca#e4 $ou can infer t'at t'e co,c'annelinterference ma$ >e from t'e T20 fre;uenc$ of t'e nei1'>orin1 cell3

-3 T'e neAt 5a$4 u#e a #pectrum anal$zer to te#t t'e location w'ere t'e #i1nal #tren1t' of t'efre;uenc$ i# t'e #tron1e#t3 Meanw'ile4 u#e anot'er MS to perform t'e i5le mo5e te#t3ccor5in1 to t'e #$#tem information4 fre;uenc$ 87 i# in t'e cell 2 ta>le of B220 79an5 allocate5 to t'e T20 TR<4 an5 t'e call i# e#ta>li#'e5 on fre;uenc$ 873

73 fter c'an1in1 t'e fre;uenc$4 rete#t t'e place w'ere t'e co,c'annel interference occur#3ccor5in1 to t'e te#t re#ult4 no call 5rop occur# an5 t'e #peec' ;ualit$ i# 1oo5 (RA=ual

-)4 it in5icate# t'at t'e co,c'annel interference (5ownlink) pro>lem i# #ol6e53

$.(.2 nter!erence Caused by Cross Coverage

In a rea#ona>le network4 eac' cell co6er# onl$ t'e area# aroun5 a BTS4 an5 an MS camp# on(or call# in) t'e neare#t cell3 2ro## co6era1e ari#e# w'en t'e #er6in1 ran1e of a cell i# farlar1er t'an t'e actual #er6in1 ran1e3 In t'e e6ent of cro## co6era1e4 t'e #i1nal# are #tron1 e6ent'ou1' t'e MS i# out#i5e t'e actual #er6in1 area3 2ro## co6era1e in5icate# t'at t'e actual cellco6era1e i# 1reatl$ 5e6iate5 from t'e planne5 cell co6era1e3 2ro## co6era1e ma$ cau#ea>normal traffic a>#orption4 interference4 call 5rop#4 con1e#tion4 or 'an5o6er failure#3

Case Code Case -a#e Approva"

Date***9.87 !ow 0an5o6er Succe## Rate an5 0i1' 2all rop Rate

2au#e5 >$ 2ro## 2o6era1e**,*/,.8

$.(.$ nter!erence Caused by *ight Reuse

BTS la$out pla$# an important role in t'e earlier network plannin13 BTS# mu#t >e rea#ona>l$5i#tri>ute5 on t'e >a#i# of t'e re;uirement# of co6era1e4 capacit$4 network ;ualit$4 an5 totalcon#truction in6e#tment4 re1ar5le## of an$ fre;uenc$ plannin1 tec'nolo1$3 2apacit$contra5ict# ;ualit$3 In #ome ca#e#4 t'e ti1't fre;uenc$ reu#e tec'nolo1$ mu#t >e u#e5 to meet

t'e re;uirement# of capacit$ w'en ;ualit$ i# #acrifice53

If BTS# are 5i#tri>ute5 improperl$4 an5 t'e ti1't fre;uenc$ reu#e tec'nolo1$ i# u#e54 t'e co,c'annel an5 a5?acent,c'annel colli#ion occur#3 In t'i# ca#e4 $ou mu#t optimize t'e networkcarefull$4 e#peciall$ cro## co6era1e3 In t'e plannin1 5e#i1n p'a#e4 $ou mu#t en#ure rea#ona>lela$out of a network4 BTS# 5i#tri>ute5 in re1ular me#'e#4 an5 #imilar antenna 'ei1't3 In t'eoptimization p'a#e4 $ou mu#t control cro## co6era1e4 re5uce co6era1e o6erlappin14 rai#e'an5o6er #en#iti6it$4 an5 lower a5?acent,c'annel colli#ion3

Case Code Case -a#e Approva"Date

**.:-/: 2all i#continuit$ 2au#e5 >$ "0 Interference **,*-,.-

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$.(.( nter!erence Caused by #proper Data

CongurationGenerall$4 w'en t'e "0 5ata (#uc' a# MIO4 0SN4 an5 M) i# confi1ure5 improperl$4 t'einterference occur#3 T'erefore4 $ou mu#t en#ure t'at t'e 5ata i# confi1ure5 properl$3

CaseCode

Case -a#e Approva"Date

**7:89 !ow Ratio of Traffic Colume to 2all rop 2au#e5 >$"re;uenc$ Interference Between New BTS in Su>ur>anrea an5 "0 BTS in &r>an rea

**-,*/,7

**.+/9 0i1' 2all rop Rate an5 !ow 0an5o6er Succe## Rate2au#e5 >$ Improper "0 ata 2onfi1uration

**,*9,7

$.+ nter)-etwor, nter!erenceEAternal interference 1enerall$ come# from tele6i#ion #tation#4 lar1e,power #tation#4microwa6e#4 ra5ar#4 'i1',6olta1e power ca>le#4 #imulate5 >a#e #tation#4 2M network#4#ecure conferencin1 e;uipment4 or interference unit# in 1a# #tation#3 Similar to t'e intra,network interference4 t'e inter,network interference occur# w'en #i1nal# are interfere53

"or 5ifferent eAternal interference #ource#4 5ifferent 5e6ice# 'a6e 5ifferent c'aracteri#tic#3 T'e#tren1t' of t'e >ack1roun5 noi#e interference from a repeater i# low4 >ut $ou cannot re5ucet'e interference >$ c'an1in1 fre;uencie#3 T'e interference from #ome eAternalcommunication 5e6ice# ma$ affect onl$ a fre;uenc$ >an54 an5 $ou can pre6ent #i1nal# from >ein1 interfere5 >$ a6oi5in1 t'e fre;uenc$ >an53 In a55ition4 t'e interference from #ome ra5ar 5e6ice# i# c'aracterize5 >$ t'e time 5i#continuit$3 F'en t'e inter,network interference occur#4$ou can u#e t'e #pectrum anal$zer an5 5irectional antenna to #earc' for interference #ource#3

$.+.1 nter#ediate Fre3uency nter!erence Causedby the CD0A=DA0P&

T'e fre;uenc$ of t'e 2M #$#tem i# #imilar to t'at of t'e GSM #$#tem3 If t'e i#olation i#in#ufficient4 interference occur#3 T'at i#4 t'e tran#mi##ion of t'e 2M #$#tem interfere# wit't'e reception of t'e GSM/** #$#tem an5 t'e out>an5 leaka1e #i1nal# of t'e 2M #$#temfall in t'e c'annel of t'e GSM recei6er3 In t'i# ca#e4 t'e interference le6el of t'e GSMrecei6er increa#e# an5 t'e GSM uplink ;ualit$ i# poor3

CaseCode

Case -a#e Approva"Date

**7*87 nal$#i# an5 0an5lin1 of Interference Pro>lem# BetweenGSM an5 2M S$#tem#

**-,*:,9

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**97.8 "re;uent 2all rop# an5 MS cce## "ailure 2au#e5 >$ 2o,Site Between GSM an5 2M S$#tem# an5 RepeaterInterference

**7,*,.:

# t'e uplink fre;uencie# of t'e GSM #$#tem are a5?acent to t'e 5ownlink fre;uencie# of t'eMPS #$#tem an5 #ome fre;uencie# are o6erlappe54 interference occur# >etween t'e GSMan5 MPS #$#tem#3 Generall$4 t'e 5ownlink T< power i# muc' lar1er t'an t'e uplink T< power3 T'u#4 t'e effect of GSM uplink #i1nal# on MPS 5ownlink fre;uencie# i# muc'#maller t'an t'e effect of MPS 5ownlink #i1nal# on GSM uplink fre;uencie#3

F'en 'an5lin1 t'e network interference4 $ou can u#e a fre;uenc$ #canner to te#t t'e #i1nal#recei6e5 >$ t'e BTS antenna t'rou1' t'e 0!,O&T port of t'e 2&3 ccor5in1 to t'e te#tre#ult4 #tron1 MPS #i1nal# are recei6e5 in man$ cell#3 T'e 5ownlink fre;uenc$ >an5 u#e5 >$ t'e MPS network i# +8/ M0z to +/7 M0z an5 t'e uplink fre;uenc$ >an5 i# +7 M0z

to +7/ M0z3 In t'e MPS network4 t'e "M mo5e i# u#e54 an5 t'e >an5wi5t' of eac' >an5wi5t' i# -* k0z4 a# #'own in t'e followin1 fi1ure3

8i"ure 191 i#tri>ution of Spectrum# for MPS ownlink Si1nal# an5 GSM &plink Si1nal#

T'e MPS #$#tem affect# GSM e;uipment in t'e followin1 a#pect#

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2on1e#tion effect T'e MPS #i1nal# cau#e t'e #aturation of t'e low noi#e amplifier

(!N) in t'e GSM #$#tem3 In t'i# ca#e4 interference occur# w'en t'e GSM #$#temrecei6e# #i1nal#3

Spuriou# emi##ion effect T'e multi,or5er miAin1 pro5uct of MPS T< #i1nal# an5GSM R< local o#cillation #i1nal# fall# in t'e R< >an5 of t'e interme5iate fre;uenc$(t'i# ca#e occur# w'en t'e interme5iate fre;uenc$ i# low)3

T'e con1e#tion pro>lem can >e #ol6e5 ea#il$3 F'en t'e i#olation >etween t'e two network#reac'e# 9* 5B4 t'e MPS network 5oe# not affect t'e GSM network3 T'e effect of #puriou#emi##ion i# 5e#cri>e5 a# follow#

T'e interme5iate fre;uenc$ of t'e /** M0z BTS recei6er i# :. M0z3 # t'e MPS5ownlink #i1nal i# clo#e to t'e GSM uplink #i1nal4 t'e #uppre##ion of t'e R< filter i# limite5an5 more MPS T< #i1nal# reac' t'e R< !N3 F'en t'e followin1 formula i# met

A ("MPS "lo) J :. M0z

T'e MPS #i1nal# an5 GSM R< local o#cillation #i1nal# are miAe5 to form interference#i1nal# in t'e R< >an5 of t'e interme5iate fre;uenc$4 an5 interference occur#3 In t'e formula4"MPS i# t'e fre;uenc$ of MPS #i1nal# an5 " lo i# t'e fre;uenc$ of GSM R< localo#cillation #i1nal#3 T'e !o fre;uenc$ ran1e i# a# follow# (t'e fre;uenc$ unit i# M0z)

!omaA J "MPS  . , -939

!omin J "MPS , . , -939

If t'e >an5wi5t' of t'e 5ownlink fre;uenc$ u#e5 >$ t'e MPS #$#tem i# M0z4 an5 "MPS

i# t'e central fre;uenc$ of MPS T< #i1nal#4 t'e fre;uenc$ ran1e for GSM interference i#a# follow#

!omin :.≤

 f 1#m  !omaA :.# #'own in "i1ure :4 "MPS i# a>out +:+ M0z an5 t'e ran1e of interfere5 fre;uencie# i#/.39 M0z to /.739 M0z (t'at i#4 .. fre;uencie# cannot >e u#e5)3 T'erefore4 w'en MPSBTS# eAi#t near a GSM BTS4 t'e fre;uencie# of t'e GSM BTS cannot >e t'e .. fre;uencie#3

F'en t'e interme5iate fre;uenc$ interference occur#4 $ou can mo5if$ t'e interfere5 GSMfre;uenc$ to a6oi5 interference3 If t'e noi#e 5i#appear# after t'e fre;uenc$ i# mo5ifie54 itin5icate# t'at t'e interme5iate fre;uenc$ interference cau#e# t'e noi#e3 "or network B incountr$ 4 #ome fre;uencie# are mo5ifie5 in t'e cell# w'ere t'e interme5iate fre;uenc$interference ma$ occur3 T'at i#4 t'e fre;uencie# in t'e fre;uenc$ >an5 of /.39 M0z to /.739M0z mu#t >e a6oi5e5 to re5uce t'e po##i>ilit$ of noi#e 1eneration3 If t'e fre;uencie# cannot >e mo5ifie54 it i# recommen5e5 t'at $ou take t'e followin1 mea#ure#

55 a #i1nal wa6e trap in t'e antenna #$#tem to attenuate #tron1 #i1nal# tran#mitte5 >$t'e interferin1 network3 In t'i# wa$4 t'e #tron1 #i1nal# cannot enter t'e 2& t'rou1' t'eantenna3

Re,in#tall t'e antenna to a55 t'e i#olation3 Generall$4 it i# recommen5e5 t'at $ou in#tall

t'e antenna of t'e GSM network an5 t'e antenna of t'e interferin1 network at 5ifferentla$er# to a55 t'e i#olation3

$.+.2 nter!erence !ro# Repeaters

T'e repeater i# al#o an interference #ource3 T'e interference i# 1enerate5 w'en t'e followin1ca#e# occur

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.3 T'e repeater i# in#talle5 in an improper place or t'e in#tallation location of t'e antenna i#unrea#ona>le3

3 T'e amplification multiple# of uplink an5 5ownlink #i1nal# are #et improperl$3

-3 # all in>an5 #i1nal# recei6e5 >$ t'e wirele## wi5e>an5 repeater are amplifie54interference i# 1enerate5 ea#il$3

73 T'e coupler i# fault$ or t'e performance of t'e repeater i# poor3

93 T'e repeater i# in#talle5 improperl$4 for eAample4 t'ere i# no #ufficient i#olation >etweent'e 5onor antenna an5 t'e #er6ice antenna3 In t'i# ca#e4 t'e #elf eAcitation i# 1enerate53

83 "or a repeater t'at u#e# t'e wi5e>an5 non,linear amplifier4 it# intermo5ulation#pecification# are muc' 1reater t'an t'o#e re;uire5 >$ t'e protocol3 If t'e power i# lar1e4t'e intermo5ulation component i# lar1e3 In t'i# ca#e4 a5?acent BTS# are interfere53

Case Code Case -a#e Approva"Date

**.:*+8 MS "ailure to Seize t'e 2'annel or Poor 2all=ualit$ fter Seizure 2au#e5 >$ RepeaterInterference

**,*,+

S2****-9* &plink Interference 2au#e5 >$ Repeater# **8,*:,/

$.+.$ nter!erence !ro# 0icrowave &tations> %arge)Power &tations> and *errestria" &ate""ite &tations

T'e fre;uencie# u#e5 >$ #ome microwa6e #tation#4 lar1e,power #tation#4 an5 terre#trial#atellite #tation# are t'e #ame a# or #imilar to t'o#e of t'e GSM #$#tem3 # t'eir tran#mit power i# 6er$ lar1e (ten# of kF to 'un5re5# of kF) an5 t'eir out>an5 #puriou# emi##ion i#al#o lar1e4 t'e a5?acent BTS# are ea#il$ interfere53

CaseCode

Case -a#e Approva"Date

Re#ar,s

***.*+7 !ocation of EAternal InterferencePro>lem#

**,*/,.7 Interference frommicrowa6e#tation#

****:/ Poor 2all =ualit$ 2au#e5 >$ EAternal

Interference

***,*7,/ Interference from

lar1e,power#tation#

****-8- Interference 2a#e ***,*7,/ Interference fromterre#trial #atellite#tation#

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

( ntroduction to Anti)

nter!erence *echno"ogies

T'e mea#ure# relate5 to GSM anti,interference inclu5e "04 5$namic power control4 an5 T<3In a55ition4 $ou can a5?u#t t'e tilt4 azimut'4 an5 'ei1't of t'e antenna to re5uce networkinterference3 In t'i# wa$4 t'e actual #er6in1 ran1e of eac' cell approAimate# to t'e 5e#i1ne5#er6in1 ran1e an5 t'u# cro## co6era1e can >e a6oi5e53 "or 5etail# on antenna a5?u#tment4 #eet'e Guide to "lannin# and $d%u&tin# Tilt $n#le& of the $ntenna3 T'e anti,interferencemea#ure# appl$ to intra,network interference3

T'e followin1 ta>le li#t# #ome anti,interference tec'nolo1ie# for fiel5 en1ineer# referencew'en t'e$ communicate wit' t'e market per#onnel an5 cu#tomer3

Ta%le 191 2ompari#on >etween anti,interference tec'nolo1ie#

Vendor D*4 PowerContro"

F: :andover?ntra)Ce"":andoverandnter!erence:andover@

Other *echno"ogies

6ua$ei Supporte5 Supporte5 Supporte5 Supporte5 2'annel allocation al1orit'm II an5 >ur#t interference c'eck 

Ericsson Supporte5 Supporte5 Supporte5 Supporte5 I5le c'annel mea#urement(I2MSTTE) an5 interferencere?ection com>in1 (IR2)

Nortel Supporte5 Supporte5 Supporte5 Supporte5 utomatic cell la$erin1 an5interference cancellation (I"2)

No+ia Supporte5 Supporte5 Supporte5 Supporte5 5apti6e fre;uenc$ allocation

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

1.1 Channe" A""ocation A"gorith# T'e c'annel allocation al1orit'm II of 0uawei applie# to t'e allocation of T20# an5

S220#3 T'e principle of t'e al1orit'm i# a# follow# Before allocatin1 a T20 or anS2204 t'e al1orit'm u#e# t'e preferential #election mec'ani#m to #elect t'e c'annel# fromall alloca>le c'annel# in a cell >a#e5 on t'e factor# #uc' a# interference4 preferential #electionle6el of t'e TR<4 'i#tor$ #eizure recor5#4 an5 loa5 >alancin13 T'e al1orit'm en#ure# t'at t'e#electe5 c'annel# are preferentiall$ allocate5 wit'out affectin1 t'e efficienc$ of t'e #$#tem3

Similar to t'e c'annel allocation al1orit'm II of 0uawei4 t'e i5le c'annel mea#urement(I2MSTTE) tec'nolo1$ of Eric##on4 t'e automatic cell la$erin1 tec'nolo1$ of Nortel4 an5t'e a5apti6e fre;uenc$ allocation tec'nolo1$ of Nokia preferentiall$ allocate optimumc'annel#3

(.2 RCT'e interference re?ection com>inin1 (IR2) tec'nolo1$ of Eric##on an5 t'e interferencecancellation (I"2) tec'nolo1$ of Nortel are u#e5 to cancel t'e co,c'annel interference w'ent'e fre;uencie# are ti1'tl$ reu#e53 Fit' t'e tec'nolo1ie#4 $ou can impro6e t'e #peec' ;ualit$4increa#e t'e capacit$4 an5 impro6e t'e fre;uenc$ u#a1e3 2urrentl$4 0uawei e;uipment 5oe#not #upport t'e tec'nolo1ie#3 T'e relate5 re#earc'4 'owe6er4 i# #tarte53

(.$ urst nter!erence Chec, 

T'e >ur#t interference c'eck tec'nolo1$ i# 5e6elope5 >$ 0uawei4 an5 it# principle i# a#follow# T'e feature 6er#ion# are 5ownloa5e5 >$ i5le TR<# to recei6e uplink #i1nal# on t'e#pecifie5 fre;uenc$ >an54 an5 t'e R< re#olution can reac' t'e time#lot le6el3 T'e >ack1roun5 pro6i5e# t'e real,time monitorin1 an5 recor5in1 tool to anal$ze t'e uplink >ur#t interference#i1nal# t'at eAcee5 t'e #pecifie5 feature le6el t're#'ol54 #i1nal,to,noi#e ratio4 an5 time#e1ment3

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+ ntroduction to nter!erence

Chec, *oo"s

+.1 &pectru# Ana"y7er2urrentl$4 0uawei u#e# t'e #pectrum anal$zer to te#t interference #i1nal#3 T'e #pectrumanal$zer i# a 'i1',performance wi5e>an5 #i1nal recei6er t'at can 5i#pla$ t'e #pectrum ofrecei6e5 #i1nal#3 ifferent mo5el# of #pectrum anal$zer# 'a6e 5ifferent R< fre;uenc$ >an5#an5 R< #en#iti6itie#3 T'e ke$ in5eAe# of t'e #pectrum anal$zer are 5e#cri>e5 a# follow#

.3 Input fre;uenc$ fre;uenc$ ran1e t'at t'e #pectrum anal$zer can recei6e3 T'e in5eA5etermine# t'e fre;uenc$ ran1e of interference #i1nal# t'at can >e te#te53

3 Sen#iti6it$ T'e minimum R< le6el wit' t'e #i1nal >an5wi5t' . 0z i# 5efine5 a# t'e R<#en#iti6it$ of t'e #pectrum anal$zer3 T'e R< #en#iti6it$ of t'e 0P+9 #erie# #pectrumanal$zer can reac' H.7 5Bm or lower3 R< #en#iti6it$ wit' t'e #i1nal >an5wi5t' A0z J. 0z #en#iti6it$ .*lo1A4 for eAample4 R< #en#iti6it$ of wit' GSM #i1nal >an5wi5t'** k0z J H.7 5Bm .*lo1 (** A .***) J H+/ 5Bm3

-3 Re#olution >an5wi5t' (RBF) minimum #i1nal >an5wi5t' t'at t'e #pectrum anal$zer can re#ol6e3 If t'e parameter i# #et to a #mall 6alue4 t'e R< #en#iti6it$ of t'e #pectrumanal$zer i# 'i1' (t'at i#4 t'e noi#e of t'e #pectrum anal$zer i# low)3

73 Ci5eo >an5wi5t' (CBF) >an5wi5t' of t'e interme5iate fre;uenc$ filter after miAin13 If t'e >an5wi5t' i# narrow4 t'e cur6e i# #moot'3

93 2entral fre;uenc$ ("*) central fre;uenc$ of t'e #pectrum t'at t'e #pectrum anal$zer can

te#t3

83 Ban5wi5t' (SPN) wi5t' of t'e #pectrum t'at t'e #pectrum anal$zer can te#t3

:3 ttenuation (TT) F'en a lar1e #i1nal i# input4 t'e #i1nal mu#t >e attenuate5 properl$3Ot'erwi#e4 t'e #pectrum anal$zer 1enerate# a lar1e num>er of intermo5ulationcomponent# an5 t'u# t'e te#t re#ult ma$ >e inaccurate3

T'e followin1 ta>le li#t# t'e ke$ in5eAe# of common #pectrum anal$zer#3

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GSM BSS Network KPI (Network Interference) Optimization Manual INTERN!

Ta%le 191 Ke$ in5eAe# of common #pectrum anal$zer#

0ode" OperatingFre3uency

and

&ensitivity ?1:7@

0ini#u#Reso"ution

andwidth

0P+9/.E -* 0zH.3+ G0z H.79 5Bm -* 0z

0P+9/7E -* 0zH3/ G0z H.7 5Bm -* 0z

0P+9/9E -* 0zH839 G0z H.7 5Bm -* 0z

0P+98.E -* 0zH839 G0z H.79 5Bm . 0z

DBT9* -* M0zH9** M0z H.- 5Bm . k0z

T'e DBT9* TektroniA NetTek nal$zer i# a porta>le #pectrum anal$zer t'at run# on t'eFin5ow# 2E operatin1 #$#tem3 T'e anal$zer i# e;uippe5 wit' a touc' #creen3 2ompare5 wit'common #pectrum anal$zer#4 t'e anal$zer 'a# t'e followin1 function#

T'e anal$zer i# porta>le4 e;uippe5 wit' >atterie#4 an5 applica>le to fiel5 te#t3

T'e anal$zer i# ea#$ to operate3 In #pectrum #tate4 t'e RBF i# automaticall$ #et on t'e

 >a#i# of t'e #pan3 fter $ou click AutoLevel4 t'e reference le6el i# automaticall$ #et ont'e >a#i# of t'e te#te5 #i1nal3

"or continuou# interference #i1nal#4 $ou can capture t'e interfere5 #pectrum in t'e

normal #tate3 "or tran#ient an5 ?umpin1 interference #i1nal#4 'owe6er4 a# t'eir 5uration i##'ort4 $ou ma$ not capture t'e interfere5 #pectrum in normal #tate3 In t'i# ca#e4 $ou nee5to u#e t'e M<0O! function3

+.2 Directiona" AntennaT'e 5irectional antenna# (plate antenna4 Da1i,&5a antenna4 an5 lo1,perio5ic antenna) are u#e5to #earc' for interference #ource#3 If t'e 5irecti6it$ of an antenna i# #tron14 t'e 1ain i# 'i1'an5 t'e #earc' capa>ilit$ i# #tron13 # t'e wi5e>an5 lo1,perio5ic antenna i# c'aracterize5 >$t'e wi5e >an54 'i1' 1ain4 an5 #tron1 5irecti6it$4 it i# recommen5e5 t'at $ou u#e t'e antenna3

8i"ure 191 !o1,perio5ic antenna

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8i"ure 194 Da1i,&5a antenna

8i"ure 193 Plate antenna