123154205 Conditional Tenses

7/21/2019 123154205 Conditional Tenses

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Conditional Tenses

Summary Framed | Unframed

Real or True Conditions

1a

10-1

Present & Future -considering cause and effectrelationships; strategizing

If there are no ees! flo"ers will notbe pollinated# (future)

1

Present & Past - referring tohaits that happen$ed%routinely#

If & go shopping! & take a cloth ag#If "e "ent shopping! the store gave usa ag#Whenever ! "e go shopping! "e walk#

Unreal or Untrue Conditions

'a

Present - consideringstrategies that one may ormay not act on

hypothetical statements

If & moved my pa"n for"ard! then &could take his ishop#

'

Past - speculating on cause

and effect relationship in anaccident

hypothetical statements

If the second engine hadn't caught

fire! the plane could have made anemergency landing#

Conditions - (nalysis! )ptions * (d+ice

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Conditional

Real Conditional - FutureFramed | Unframed

Read and Contrast

#sing Future Conditional to "trategi$e $plan%

Contrast

%%C%ITI%* "TT+,+%T C%ITI%* "TT+,+%T

Beeeepers are reporting the disappearance oftheir ees#

If there are no ees! flo"ers will not be pollinated# (future)

Bee colonies are collapsing at an alarming rate# If "e can find out "hy! "e can save the ees#(future)

9o one no"s "hat the cause is@ disease!

climate! pesticides or radiation#

If "e don6t find a solution! ees will disa!!ear #

(future)

Condition Future -esult

C%ITI%* C*#"+ -+"#*TI.+ C*#"+

#ses /If/ #ses a modal (will0 can0 ma0 might0 shall)

If "e don6t find a solution! $present +er% $then% ees will disappear# $future +er%

If there are no ees! $then% food crops will not be pollinated#

If "e can find out "hy! $then% "e can save the ees#

If ees cannot do their os! $then% humans might have to assist#

Commas

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Usually if is Dsand"ichedD et"een t"o clauses and no comma is used $standard "ord order%#Eo"e+er! "hen the if clause is rought to the eginning of the sentence for emphasis! a comma isused to mar the change from standard "ord order#

I%ITI*P"ITI% (comma) ,IP"ITI% (no comma)

If "e don6t do something! $then% ees "illdisappear# Bees "ill disappear if "e don6t do something#

Common ,istakes

+--- FI1

&f you will need something! ust as# If you need something! ust as# $future%

Practice

World Without 2ees

hen .rofessor 7ordon Franie "ants to impress schoolchildren "ith theimportance of ees! he lays out an array of foods such as erries! grapes!pears and chocolate alongside a couple of dried-out tortillas and rice caes

and ass them "hich foods they prefer#D&n+arialy the ids go for the fruits and chocolate!D he said# DThen & tell them@&n a "orld "ithout ees! the only choice they6d ha+e "ould e the dried-outtortillas or rice caes! since "heat and rice are self-pollinated# <+enchocolate! from the cacao plant! depends on the pollination of ees# Thatgets their attention#D

The e/act cause of Colony Collapse >isorder is not no"n#

3 4#+"TI% 5#- -+"P%"+

67 hich clause can complete this sentenceG

If the cause of the !roblem is a disease0

eeeepers can treat the colony "ith an

antiiotic#eeeepers treat the colony "ith an

antiiotic#eeeepers "ould treat the colony "ith an

antiiotic#



(ns"er 1


Farmers should not use a !esticide

that ills ees#

if it ills ees#

if if might ill ees#

(ns"er '


If mobile !hones are causing the !roblem

people "ould mae a choice et"een ees

or their phones#people mae a choice et"een ees or

their phones#people "ill ha+e to mae a choice et"een

ees or their phones# (ns"er ,

:7 hat tense is this conditional sentenceG

If the bees don't !ollinate0 fruit trees don't produce much fruit.

present

mi/ed

future

Hes! a future option#

Hes! ho" e+er 6that6 adds an ad

&ncorrect tense match#



(ns"er

;7 hich sentence means aout the same#

If beekee!ers saw their bees weredisa!!earing! they would report it.

hene+er the situation happened!

eeeepers reported the prolem#&n case the situation happened! eeeeper

s "ere ready to report it# &t didn6t happen#hen the situation "ill happen! they "ill

report it#

(ns"er I

<7 hat tense is this conditional sentenceG

If ou see a swarm of bees outside ourhome! you call the the city.

present

mi/ed

future

(ns"er 3

=7 hat is the tense! and is this real or unrealG

If the >ueen bee died0 a new >ueen wouldtake over the hive7

a real present condition

an unreal past condition

a real past condition

Correct

Hes! a real past condition#

?aye# The sentence indicates



(ns"er 4

?7 Eo" should the sentence e punctuatedG

ur food su!!l will be safe

! if a solution is found# (comma)

if a solution is found# (no comma)

if a solution is found# (o!tional comma)

(ns"er 5

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Conditional

Real Conditional - &f * hene+er Framed | Unframed

Read and Contrast

#sing /If/ and /Whenever/ for Conditional @abits

-eal ConditionsW@+%+.+- IF

Whenever & go shopping! & take a cloth ag#(!resent)

If & go shopping! & take a cloth ag# (!resent)

Whenever & need light uls! & bu CF= uls#(!resent)

If & need light uls! & bu CF= uls# (!resent)

Whenever "e "ent shopping! the store gave usa ag# (!ast)

If "e "ent shopping! the store gave us a ag#(!ast)

Whenever & needed light uls! & bought CF=uls# (!ast)

If & needed light uls! & bought CF= uls#(!ast)

hene+er J e+erytime

Past vs7 Present

P"T T+%"+ /T@+%/ P-+"+%T T+%"+ /%W/

If & went to the city! & drove my car# If & go to the city! & take pulic transportation#

If & left a room ! & left the light on# If & leave a room! & turn the light off #

If & sho!!ed for groceries! & got paper ag fromthe store#

If & sho! for groceries! & take tae my o"nreusale ag#

Punctuation










( comma signals a change in the usual clause order#

-+"#*TI.+ C*#"+ (no comma) C%ITI%

& took a cloth ag

& would take a cloth ag

if & "ent shopping#

C%ITI% (comma) -+"#*TI.+ C*#"+

If "ent shopping0 $then% & took a cloth ag#

Word bout /Would/ould has a fe" meanings@

#"+ T I%.ITTI% @5PT@+TIC*

>uring the summers! & would go to my grandparents house#(custom or habit)

Would you lie a cooieG Eo" would you lie it if & didthat to youG(!resent imaginar)

These sentences mean almost the sameA

-+"#*TI.+ C*#"+ C%ITI%

& took a cloth ag (6 event or multi!le events0

customar) & would take a cloth ag (multi!le events0

customar0 'used to')

if & "ent shopping#

Practice

+nerg Conservation

Complete the conditional sentence@

1# <nter the +er form of the condition clause#

'# Select the correct +er form for the result clause



3C%ITI% +%T+-T@+ .+-2 F-,

C,P*+T+ T@+ -+"#*T C*#"+C@+CB %"W+-

67 Then! if my car $need%"ashing!

87 9o"! &f my car $need%"ashing!

97 Then! if & $fill%

my car "ith gas!

:7 9o"! if & $fill%

my car "ith gas!

;7 Then! "hene+er & $go%to "or

< 9o"! "hene+er & $go%to "or

=7 Then! "hene+er & $dry%my hands in

the itchen!

?7 9o"! "hene+er & $dry%my hands in

the itchen!

7 Then! "hene+er & $rush%my teeth!

6D7

9o"! "hene+er & $rush%my teeth!

667 Then! "hene+er &$cooled% my

home!

(C J air-conditioning

687

9o"! "hene+er & $cool%my home!

697

Then! "hene+er & $"ash%dishes!

semi-full J half full

result clauseG needed@ & " ashed it#

result clauseG needs@ & ignore it#

result clauseGfilled@ & paid t"enty-f i+e do

result clauseGfill@ $Both ans"ers are cor

result clauseG" ent@ & dro+e alone#

result clauseG

result clauseGdried@ & used a paper to" e

result clauseGdry@ & use a cloth to"el#

result clauseGrushed@ $Both ans"ers a

result clauseGrush@ & turn the " ater off #

result clauseGcooled@ & "ould turn on the

result clauseGcool@ & ust use the fan#

result clauseG" ashed@ & ran a semi-full d



6:7

9o"! "hene+er & $"ash%dishes!

6;7

Then! "hene+er & $need%groceries!

6<7

9o"! "hene+er & $need%groceries!


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Conditional

Eypothetical Statements - .resent Framed | Unframed

result clauseG" ash@ & run a full dish" as

result clauseGneeded@ $Both ans"ers ar

result clauseGneed@ & shop once a " ee

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Read and Contrast

"trategi$ing with @!othetical "tatements

Before maing a mo+e in a game lie chess! "e thin aout "hat "ould happen if "e made amo+e#9o mo+e is made# e6re ust thining aout the cause-effect relationship#

"T-T+EI+" C#"+ +FF+CT "TT+,+%T"

?o+e my pa"n for"ard to tae hisishop#

If & mo+ed my pa"n for"ard! then & could takehis ishop# (!resent)

Slide my castle out of the "ay of hisnight and Kueen#

If & slid my castle out of the "ay! then his Kueenmight not take it# (!resent)

Checmate his ing# ?ae him mad#If checmated his ing! my friend would be mad# (!resent)

C%ITI% @5PT@+TIC* -+"#*TI%E CTI%

ST(T<?<9T &f & werewas a millionaire! & would uy a pri+ate et# FUTUR< ?)>(=

&f & werewas a millionaire! & could uy a pri+ate et# ?)>(=

&f & could choose anything! & would uy a house# FUTUR< ?)>(=

&f & could choose anything! & could uy a house# (awkward)

Were & a millionaire! & could uy a house#

9<7(T&L< &f & werewas a millionaire! & wouldn6t tae commercial airlines# FUTUR< ?)>(=

&f & werewas a millionaire! & couldn6t get many ta/ reas# ?)>(=

&f & could e a millionaire! & wouldn6t tae commercial airlines# FUTUR< ?)>(=

&f & could e a millionaire! & could get some ta/ reas# (awkward)

8U<ST&)9 &f you were a millionaire! would you stop "oringG

&f your could choose! would you stop "oringG

G were$formal% or was $informal% is used for 1st and ,rd person singular#



Practice

"trategi$ing bout -eviving a -estaurantComplete the sentence y selecting a result clause# (n asteris indicates and incorrect choice#

3 4#+"TI% 5#- -+"P%"+ %"W+-

67

&f "e mo+ed the restaurantdo"nto"n!

"e "ill ha+e more customers#

"e "ould ha+e more

customers#"e "ould ha+e had more

customers#

(ns"er 1

87

&f "e used more local farmproduce!

"e could impro+e our menu#

"e could impro+ed our menu#

"e can impro+e our menu#

(ns"er '

97

&f "e hired a pastry chef!

"e could impro+ed our dessert

selection#can impro+e our dessert

selection#"e could impro+e our dessert

selection#

(ns"er ,

:7

&f "e opened an oyster ar! "e might attract oyster fans#

may ha+e attracted oyster fans#

might ha+e attracted oyster

fans#

(ns"er



;7

&f "e impro+ed thelightening!

it "ill mae the restaurant feel

more romantic#it "ould mae the restaurant

feel more romantic#it "ill ha+e made the restaurant

feel more romantic#

(ns"er I

<7

e could fit more customersin the restaurant

if "e changed the ooths into

tales#if "e changing the ooths into

tales#

if "e "ould change the ooths

into tales#

(ns"er 3

=7

e "ould get morereser+ations

if "e use an &nternet ooing

ser+ice lie )penTale#if "e may use an &nternet

ooing ser+ice lie )penTale#if "e used an &nternet ooing

ser+ice lie )penTale#

(ns"er 4

?7

)ur usiness "ould impro+e ! if "e made a fe"

changes# (comma) if "e made a fe" changes#

(no comma) if "e made a fe" changes#

(o!tional comma)

(ns"er 5

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Conditional

Eypothetical Statements - .ast Framed | Unframed

Read and Contrast

nal$ing the Cause of the Concorde Crash

&n :uly '000! (ir France6s safest aircraft - the supersonicConcorde- crashed lea+ing many to speculate aout "hat

might ha+e caused the accident# Speculation ranged from afloc of irds! to a ad repair o! to the intae of run"ayderis $garage% y one or oth of the failed engines# ?oste/perts agreed@ De can surmise that a tire or se+eral tireson the landing gear e/ploded#D (t "ee6s end! the FrenchTransport ?inistry announced! DFrom the informationa+ailale at the present time! it emerges that at least one tireurst! something that could ha+e triggered a chain of e+ents!damage to the plane6s structure! a fire and engine failure#D

C%ITI%" *+I%E T T@+ CCI+%T@5PT@+TIC* C#"+ +FF+CT

"TT+,+%T"

.oor repair on engine numer '# If the maintenance cre" had done a thoroughinspection of the aircraft! they would havechecked the tires! landing gear and fuel lines inengine no# '# $ut they didn6t#%

>eris on the run"ay# If a strip of metal had been cleaned from therun"ay! it wouldn't have gotten in the "ay ofthe landing gear of the Concorde# $ut they










didn6t#%

( tire e/ploded# If one of the tires hadn't eH!loded! then perhapsit wouldn't have blocked the engine air intae#$ut it did#%

The second engine caught fire# If the second engine hadn't caught fire! the

plane could have made an emergency landing#

@!othetical Conditionals Past

C%ITI%* C*#"+ -+"#*TI.+ C*#"+

#ses /If/ !ast !erfect verb #ses a modal (would have0 could have0 mighthave)

If the maintenance cre" had done a thorough

inspection of the aircraft!

they would have checked the tires! landing gear

and fuel lines ###

If a strip of metal had been cleaned from therun"ay!

it wouldn't have gotten in the "ay of the landinggear###

If one of the tires hadn't eH!loded! then perhaps! it wouldn't have blocked theengine air intae#

If the second engine hadn't caught fire! the plane could have made an emergencylanding#

ther @!othetical PhrasingC%ITI% -+"#*TI%E CTI% ConteHt Comment

If one of the tires hadn'teH!loded!

the engines wouldn't havesucked the deris in#

There is a condition that causedthe resulting disaster#

+ven if the pilots had shut do"n the fuel tan on engine '!

there still would have been enough escaped fuel to causethe e/plosion#

&t made no difference either "ay- no condition#

nl if there had been a flocof irds in the area!

could they have been sucked into the air intae#

There e/isted one uniKuecondition#

There "asn6t a floc of irds inthe area#

therwise! they would havebeen sus!ected as the causeof the engine failure#

)ther"ise J D&f notD

The French Transport ?inistrygrounded all Concordes#

therwise! (ir France6sConcordes would havecontinued flying#

)ther"ise J D&f notD



Word rder

P"T P+-F+CT P"T ,* F-,

"TT+,+%T &f they had checed! (the didn't) they could ha+e made repairs#

the prolem "ould ha+e een found# (!assive)

they "ould ha+e seen the "orn tires#

4#+"TI% &f they had checed! (the didn't) "ould they ha+e seen the prolemG

"ould they ha+e changed the tireG

%+ETI.+ &f they had checed! (the didn't)they "ouldn6t ha+e let the plane lea+e thehangar#

they "ouldn6t ha+e left "orn tires on the plane#

Practice

What Caused the ccidentJ

"elect the correct verb form for these !ast conditional unrealstatements7

• 9ote the punctuation $"hich affects the meaning of the

sentence#%

• (n asteris indicates an incorrect choice#

3 5#- -+"P%"+ C@+CB %"W+-

1# &f the (ir France Concorde hadn6t crashed! thenBritish (ir"ays aout possile

design fla"s in their Concordes#

"ouldn6t ha+e no"n

"ould ha+e no"n

'# &f the pilots had seen the flames shooting fromengine no# '! they taing off#

"ould ne+er ha+e attempted

" ouldn6t ha+e n

" ould ne+er ha+e atte



"ill ne+er ha+e attempted

"ould ha+e ne+er had attempted

,# &f there hadn6t een structures at the end of therun"ay! the Concorde on the

ground#

had stayed

could ha+e stayed

"ould ha+e stayed

$Use your curson * arro" eys to scroll te/t#%

# &f British (ir"ays had no"n aout a prolem "iththe landing gear! they the

prolem to (ir France#

could ha+e communicated

should ha+e communicated

"ould ha+e communicated

$Use your curson * arro" eys to scroll te/t#%

I# <+en if the pilots had managed to turn the plane

around! it "ould ha+e crashed due to the fire#&mplies@

They did manage to turn it around#

They did not manage and it "ouldn6t

ha+e made a difference#


possily

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Conditional

Eypothetical Statements - .ast Framed | Unframed

Read and Contrast

nal$ing an ccidentA what caused the Titanic to sinkJ

Consider the causeeffect relationshi!s

• hat errors "ere madeG

• hat could ha+e een done to a+oid this tragedyG

C%ITI%" *+I%E T T@+ CCI+%T @5PT@+TIC* C#"+ +FF+CT










"TT+,+%T"

"!eed - The Titanic "as trying to eat a trans- (tlantic time crossing record#

If the Captain had cruised at a lo"er speed and!ost!oned setting a 6crossing6 record! the"atchmen might have s!otted the iceerg intime#

*ifeboats - The Titanic had lifeoats andpreser+ers for less than half of the people onoard

If the hite Star =ine had included more lifeoats in the design of the Titanic! all the peoplewould have survived7

.ractice

nalsis *ooking at the Whole /Picture/

When we anal$e a catastro!he such as the sinking of the Titantic0 we tr to find the factors0the human errors0 which lead to the disaster7

• speed

• insufficient numer of lifeoats

• inoculars

• ship design

• angle of impact

• emergency response time of Titanic

cre"

• radio-operator on the neary ship

California! had his radio off#

• not enough A insufficient lifeoats

• insufficiently filled lifeoats

• gates locing 6steerage passengers6

elo" dec

• calling Titanic DunsinaleD

3 "+*+CT T@+ C--+CT .+-2 F-," C@+CB %"W+-

67 &f the hite Star =ine more life oats! all

the people #

87 &f the "atchmen some inoculars efore

+er formG

+er formG

had had@ "ould ha+e sur+i+ed

+er formGhad located@ " ould ha+e seen



lea+ing <ngland! they the iceerg

earlier#

97 &f ship planners more safety

compartments to eep the ship afloat! the Titanicafloat until the ship! Carpathia,

arri+ed#

:7 &f the Captain directly into the iceerg! the

ship less damage#

;7 Eelp more Kuicly if the ship6s cre"

more efficiently#

< The ship near y! the California!

the emergency call if the radio-operator his

radio turned on for emergency calls

=7 &f the hite Star line ship "ith enough

life-acets! all the odies #

?7 ?ore people if the cre"

the lifeoats completely#

7 Third-class passengers in compartments elo" deca chance if the cre"

them in#

6D7

&f The hite Star Shipping =ine the

Titanic DunsinaleD! they fate#

$temptJpro+oe; rought on the De+il eyeD%

+er formG

+er formG

+er formG

had designed@ might ha+e staye

+er formG

+er formG

+er formG

+er formG

" ould ha+e come@ had reacted

+er formG

+er formG

+er formG

+er formG

had supplied@ " ould ha+e een

+er formG

+er formG

" ould ha+e sur+i+ed@ had filled

+er formG

+er formG

might ha+e had@ had not loced

+er formG

+er formG

hadn6t called@ " ouldn6t ha+e te

Reset



Te/t (ns"ers

7

Te/t (ns"ers

1# If the hite Star =ine had included more life oats! all the people would have survived7

'# If the "atch cre" had located some inoculars efore lea+ing <ngland! they would haveseen the iceerg earlier#

,# If the ship designers had included more safety compartments to eep the ship afloat! theship might have staed afloat until the Carpathia arri+ed#

# If the Captain had steered directly into the iceerg! the ship would have had less damage#

I# Eelp might have come more Kuicly if the cre" had reacted more Kuicly!

3# The ship near y! California would have received the emergency call if the radio-operatorhad had his radio turned on#

4# If the hite Star =ine had su!!lied enough life acets for e+eryone! all the odies wouldhave been found7

5# ?ore people would have survived if the cre" had filled the lifeoats completely!

2# Third-class passengers in compartments elo" dec might have had a chance if the cre"had not locked them in#

10# &f The hite Star Shipping =ine hadn't called the Titanic DunsinaleD! they wouldn't have tempted fate#

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Conditional

Eypothetical Statements - )ptions * (d+ice Framed | Unframed

















Read and Contrast

Considering !tions and dvice in the Past

(fter a disaster! such as the sining of the Titanic! "e often analyze theoptions "e had at the time# Then! "e mae recommendations y selectingthe most important things that need to e changed#

DThe unsinale TitanicD

C#* @.+ "@#* @.+

).T&)9S )R )..)RTU9&T&<S 9)T T(M<9 M<H ).T&)9S S<=<CT<> (S (>L&C<

.assengers could have taken other smaller

trans-atlantic ships#

The o"ners should have su!!lied enough

lifeoats for e+eryone#

The captain could have chosen a moresouthern trans-atlantic route#

The captain should have insisted on etteremergency preparation#

The o"ners could have !ressed designers toinclude more safety floatation compartments#

The passengers should have asked aout thenumer of lifeoats#

atchmen could have asked the captain to slo"do"n due to fog#

The captain should have been cruising moreslo"ly in the northern ship lanes#

DCould ha+eD is used for non-essential ad+ice# There aremany things that could ha+e een done# ?aye! they"ould ha+e made a difference! maye not#

DShould ha+eD is used for more urgent ad+ice# These arethe ey! most important! things that "ould ha+e made adifference# $(fter the Titanic &nKuiry! they ecamerecommendations for changes in maritime rules#%

/Could have/ had the o!!ortunit0 but didn't take it

PTI%" @5PT@+TIC* C#"+ +FF+CT "TT+,+%T"

more life acets The o"ners could have su!!lied more life acets $ut they didn6t#%

emergency drills The captain could have held emergencypractices $ut he didn6t#%

not enough contact "ith other ships in the area The captain could have radioed other ships inthe area aout iceerg sightings $ut he didn6t#%

Two meanings don't confuse themK

P""I2I*IT5 @5PT@+TIC* PTI%" C@IC+"

The captain could have een o+erconfident# The captain could have refused to pilot the ship#

The Titanic could have een off course! too farnorth#

The captain could have held emergencypractices $drills#%

http://www.titanicinquiry.org/





The captain of the ship California could have ignored the call#

The hite Star =ine could have supplied moreoats#

/"hould have/ advice given afterthefact

.IC+ @5PT@+TIC* C#"+ +FF+CT "TT+,+%T"

more life oats and etter deployment $lo"eringthem%

The o"ners should have had enough space inthe lifeoats for e+eryone on oard# The cre"should have known ho" to lo"er them e+en ifthe ship "as tipping o+er#

faster emergency response from other ships inthe area

The captains of the California and Carpathiashould have had their radios on# They shouldhave res!onded to the distress flares that "ereshot in the sy#

etter +igilance in shipping lanes "here iceergs

e/ist

The captain should have listened to earlier

reports of iceergs in the area#

.ractice

!!ortunities %ot Taken

rite a sentence $using the "ords gi+en% aout a possile option the o"ners! cre" or passengerscould ha+e taen#

<N(?.=<@ ca!tain !ut more men on watch J The captain could ha+e put more men on "atch#

3 5#- -+"P%"+ C@+CB %"W+-

6 ca!tain cruise farther south

$Reports of iceerg sightings in northern shipping laneshad een recei+ed efore their departure#%

The captain could ha+e cruised



87 shi! owners s!end less mone on!ublicit

$The ship o"ners spent more money on ad+ertisingthan safety#%

97 !assengers >uestion /unsinkable/claim7

$The ship o"ners ad+ertised the Titanic asDunsinaleD# <+eryone elie+ed it "ithout asingKuestions aout D.lan BD# Dhat if it6s notGD%

:7 ca!tain react more >uickl crash

$Ee "aited to see if the floatation compartments "ouldeep the ship up# ?aye they "ould ha+e! ut later! hesa" the damage "as too great#%

;7ca!tain steer directl into the iceberg

The ship o"ners could ha+e sp

.assengers could ha+e Kuestio

The captain could ha+e reacted



$Fe"er floatation compartments "ould ha+e eendestroyed# ?aye! it "ould ha+e helped#%

ecide whether to use /could have/ or /should have/7

<7 The captain held

emergency drills#

=7 The captain slo"ed the

ship do"n "hen +isiility ecame poor#

?7 The passengers a+oided

sailing on the Titanic6s DmaidenD or first+oyage#

7 The cre" trusted the

DunsinaleD lael gi+en to the Titanic#

The captain could ha+e steered

select oneshould ha+e - ad+

select oneshould ha+e - ad+

select onecould ha+e - optio

select oneshouldn6t ha+e - a



6D7

The passengers

no"n that it "ould e their last +oyage#



select one

couldn6t ha+e - no

Reset













Conditional

?i/ed Conditional .ractice Framed | Unframed

Read and Contrast

When the Past ffects the Present

Sometimes past e+ents influence present situations# This can e stated int"o "ays@

• stating the real situation

•

stating the situation hypothetically $"ith regret or praise%

-+* "IT#TI% @5PT@+TIC* "IT#TI%

C(US< $.(ST% - <FF<CT $.R<S<9T% C(US< $.(ST% - <FF<CT $.R<S<9T%

Hou did not feed the dog#

The dog is hungry#

If you had fed the dog! she wouldn't be hungryno"#

She gave you her sad loo#

Hou no" it6s her dinner time no"#

If she hadn't given you her sad loo! youwouldn't know that it6s her dinner time no"#



http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/condition3c.html







Practice

,iHed @!othetical "entences

67 "elect the answer that best com!letes thesentence7

87 n asterisk G indicates and incorrect choice7

3 ,* "+%T+%C+ 5#--+"P%"+

67

Hou brought home an office chair "ith "heels on it#

The dog is !ushing the chair around the room no"#

&f you hadn6t rought home an office chair "ith "heels!the dog pushing it around the room no"#

"eren6t

"ouldn6t e

"ouldn6t

ha+e een

87

The dog learned ho" to push the chair ne/t to theitchen counter#

The dog is walking on the itchen counter no"O

&f the dog to push the office chair ne/t to

the itchen counter! it "ouldn6t ha+e managed to get upon the itchen counterO )ffO

had learned

hadn6t

learned"ould ha+e

learned

97

Hou did not neuter your cat#

There are too many ittens no"#

&f you had neutered your cat! there so

many ittens running around no"#

"eren6t

"asn6t

"ouldn6t e



:7

Hou left your dogs at home alone all day#

They are begging you for a "al no"#

&f you your dogs at home alone all day!

they "ouldn6t e egging your for a "al no"#

left

didn6t lea+e

hadn6t left

;7

Someone left the gate open#

The goats are looseO $outside of their pen%

&f someone hadn6t left the gate open! the goatslooseO

"ould e

"ouldn6t

"ouldn6t e

<7

There was a sufficient amount of rain this spring#

There is enough grass for the farm animals to eatno"#

&f there a sufficient amount of rain this

spring! there "ouldn6t e enough grass for the farmanimals to eat no"#

hadn6t een

had een

"ouldn6t

een

=7Hou didn't !la "ith your cat earlier today#

hadn6t een



Hour cat is sulking# $offended! ill-humored%

Hour cat "ouldn6t e suling no" if you

played "ith her earlier today#

played

had played

hadn6t

played

?7

Hou didn't sociali$e your dog from an early age#$accustom it to other animals%

Hour dog barks at all the other dogs on the each#

Hour dog aring at all the other dogs on

the each if you had socialized your dog from an early

age#

"ouldn6t e

hadn6t een

had een



Conditional

" ouldn6t e

Reset













ishes Framed | Unframed

&SE P &9F&9&T&L< &SE - .(ST L<RB F)R?

e wish to go "ith you# (direct re>uest

demand)

& wish & were home in my country# (!rivate

thoughtL longing)

e6d like to go "ith you# (more !olite re>uest) & wish & could go "ith you# (eHcuse or regret)

& ho!e $that% "e can go "ith you# (suggestion re>uest)

& wish you would let me pay for dinner# (!retendregret)

G & wish $that% & can go "ith you# $incorrect% & wish you6d turn that TL offO (low eH!ectationre>uestL anger)

P-+"+%T WI"@ 2#T P"T CTI% T@TI%'T @PP+%

P"T WI"@ 2#T P"T CTI% T@TI%'T @PP+%

&SE - .(ST ?)>(= &SE<> - .(ST ?)>(=

& wish & could have gone "ith you# (regret) & wished & could have gone "ith you#(remembering with regret)

& wish you would have remembered to tae thedog out# (nag0 anger)

& wished & had been old enough to dri+e#(remembering a wish)







.ractice

#se the cues to write a wish statement7

1# Select a +er tense from the pull-do"n menu#

'# Then! chec your ans"er#

3 5#- -+"P%"+ %"W+-

67 5ou haven't had a vacation all ear7 ,ake a wish7

& "ish & $e% on a eautiful tropical island#

87 It's raining7 5our friend is leaving without his coat7 & hope you $tae% your coat#

97 It was raining7 5our friend caught a cold because hedidn't wear his coat7 -emind him about the advice ougave7 & "ish you $"ear% your coat! ut

you "ouldn6t listen#

:7 5ou wish to bu a new coat0 but ou have no moneright now7& "ish & $uy% a coat#

;7 5ou weren't at the noon meeting7 5ou had anothera!!ointment7& "ish & $e% at the noon meeting!

ut & had another appointment#

tenseG

" as or " ere

+erG

" ill tae or tae

+erG

" ould ha+e "orn or had

+erG

could uy

+erG

could ha+e een - e/cuse



<7 5ou are angr about a !erson failing to show u! to ameeting7& "ish you $call% me to let me

no" you couldn6t meet me#

=7 5ou want to hel! !re!are some documents for ameeting7 ,ake a !olite re>uest wish7& $lie% to help prepare the documents

for the ne/t meeting#

?7 5ou are at a !art7 5ou want to go home7 Tell ourfriend 7 ,ake a direct re>uestwish7& $"ish% lea+e no"#

7 5our friend wants hel! with homework7 5ou want to

watch a T. movie7 ,ake an eHcuse7 & "ish & $help% you "ith your

home"or! ut & ha+e something else planned at themoment#

6D7

t the holida office !art0 our boss drank a little tomuch0 sat on the co! machine and !hotoco!ied hisbehind75ou missed itK

& "ish & thatO

+erG

had calledA" ould ha+e call

+erG

" ould lie

+erG

" ish to

+erG

could help

+erG

could ha+e seen



66 few das after the holida office !art0 ou remember the embarrassing event and what ou were thinking atthat time7

& "ished a cameraO

68

5ou have an officemate that smokes7 5ou make asomewhat angr wish7& "ish you stop smoingO

69

friend tells ou that he was near our office earlierthat da0 but didn't want to bother ou7 5ou tell him

our regrets7& "ish you y for a cup of

coffee#


+erG

had hadA"ould ha+e had

+erG

" ould stop

+erG

" ould ha+e stoppedAhad s

Reset











Conditional

Eypothetical ishes Framed | Unframed

:ust for Fun

What Would 2arbie "a If "he Could TalkJ

2arbie and Ben

.ractice

2arbie Wishes










3 5#- -+"P%"+ C@+CB %"W+-

6 hat "ould she say aout her small feetG$larger%

I wish m feet

87

hat "ould she say aout her tiny "aistG $notso tiny%

I wish m waist

97 hat "ould she say aout her smile# $fro"nsometimes too%

I wish I too7

:7 hat "ould she say aout Men orro"ing her FerrariG $Men eep his hands off my car#%

I wish Ben his hands off m

car7

;7 hat "ould she say aout her clothingG$"ear comfortale clothing%I wish I comfortable clothing

instead7

<7 hat "ould Men say aout Barie6s intellectGI wish 2arbie a mindK

" ere largerO

" ere not so tiny#

could fro" n som

" ould eep

could " ear

select onehad



=7 hat "ould Men say aout Barie6s carGI wish 2arbie me her

car7

?7 hat "ould Men say aout Barie6s D>reamEouseDI wish it so ver !inkK

7 hat "ould Men say aout Barie6s cooingG& "ish she O

6D7

hat "ould Men say aout Sipper! Barie6ssisterGI wish "ki!!er out with

me7


select one" ould gi+e

select one

" eren6t

select onecould cooAcooe

select one

" ould go

Reset




http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/index.html#conditionals



http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/index.html#conditionals




Connectors

(d+ers of .roalilty - &n Case &n the <+entShould Framed | Unframed

Read & Compare

Planning for the #neH!ected/In case/0 /in the event/ and /should/ are used to tell !lans forbig and little emergencies7

C%ITI% P*%

In the event (that) you need to reach me! call my cell phone#

In case you need to reach me! call my home#

"hould you need to reach me! call me at "or#













I%ITI* P"ITI% (use a comma) ,IP"IT% (no comma)

In the event (that) you need to reach me! callme#

Call me in the event you need me#

In case you need to reach me! call me# Call me in case you need me#

"hould you need to reach me! call me# Call me should you need me#

9)T<@ hen the ad+er is at the eginning of the sentence! a comma is used to mar a change fromnormal "ord order@

Practice 1

.+-2" F P-22I*IT5

"elect the answer that best com!letes the sentence7 Pa attention to verb agreement7

3 5#- -+"P%"+ C@+CB %"W+-

67 I doubt that ou will need them0 ut here are myemergency numers#

Eere are my emergency numers in case

87 It's not likel0 but if m brother calls0 tell him &6ll ehome tonight# "hould ! tell him &6ll e home

tonight#

97 If there is a tornado0 find shelter underground# In the event ! find shelter

underground#

-

in case you need them#

-

Should my rother call

-

&n the e+ent $ that% there



:7 It's unlikel that I will win the lotter0 but if I do0please don6t as me for money#

"hould ! don6t as me

for money#

;7 If an earth>uake occurs0 stand in a door"ay#In the event ! stand in a

door"ay#

<7 While ou ma not need them0 & am lea+ing my careys here for you# & am lea+ing my car eys here for you in case

=7 I'll leave the cookies on the counter0 here! if you "antany more#

"hould ! & "ill lea+e

them! here! on the counter#$9ote that the speaer e/presses additional dout y using 6any6instead of 6some6#%

?7 While it !robabl won't rain0 if you lie & can lend youan umrella#

In case ! & can lend you

an umrella#

7 It !robabl won't ha!!en0 but if ou get home late0&6ll lea+e the light on#

"hould ! &6ll lea+e the

light on#

-

Should & " in the lottery

-

&n the e+ent that an eart

-

in case you need them#

-

Should you " ant any m

-

&n case it rains

-

Should you get home la



6D7

If the President calls0 tell him & am usyO

In the event ! tell him & am

usyO

.ractice '

"elect the answer that best com!letes the sentence7 Pa attention to verb agreement7

3 5#- -+"P%"+ C@+CB %"W+-

667 7i+e him my cell phone numer he need me7

687

she gets overwhelmed!

as her to call me#

697

m cell !hone be turned

off ! call my office numer#

6:7

Call my home no answers

the !hone in the office7

6;7

ou call m home and no

one answers0 call my parents#

-

&n the e+ent the preside

Reset

-

should

-&n the e+ent! &n case

-Should

-&n the e+ent that! &n cas

-should



Return to 7rammar-8uizzes | .re+ious | 9e/t .age

:ulie Se+astopoulos - se+astopoulossmccd#edu College of San ?ateo - San ?ateo! C( 20' US( =ast updated@11A1,A'005

Connectors

(d+ers of Condition - &f! Unless * )nly &f Framed | Unframed

Read & Contrast

Conditions/If/0 /unless/ and /onl if/ are often used to state conditions fordesired outcomes7

IF #%*+"" (if not) %*5 IF (one s!ecificcondition)

If ou cook our turke likethis0 you "ill ha+e a tenderturey#

#nless ou cook our turkelike this0 you won't have atender turkey ##nless ou cook our turkelike this0 you will have atough turkey #

nl if ou cook our turkelike this0 will you ha+e adelicious dinner#





http://www.smccd.edu/accounts/sevastopoulos/



















C%ITI% -+"#*TI%E CTI% Connotation

If you use a thermometer! you "ill no" "hen your turey

is done#

This is one "ay to tell "hen it6s

ready# There may e other "aysas "ell#

#nless you use athermometer!

you won't no" "hen yourturey is done#

9ot using a thermometer "illgi+e ad results# $=isten to meO%

nl if you use a thermometer! will ou no" "hen yourturey is done#

There is only one "ay to tell"hen it6s done# $& don6t thinmuch of the other "ays#%

9ote@ Sometimes! using the negati+e form is a "ay for the speaer to impose hisAher"ill# Compare@ D(re you tiredGD and D(ren6t you tiredGD# The speaer! "hen using the negati+e! "antsthe listener to agree#

nl IF -e>uires Word rder Change

C%ITI% -+"#*TI%E CTI%

If you dry your dishes"ith a to"el!

the will be spotlessO

nlif

you dry your dishes"ith a to"el!

will the be spotlessO

If you use Qing dishsoap! ou get really clean dishes# $get Jdo get%

nlif

you use Qing dishsoap!

do ou get really clean dishes#

If you used Qing dishsoap!

ou got really clean dishes# $got Jdid get%

nlif

you used Qing dishsoap!

did ou get really clean dishes#

9ote@ &f there is no au/ilary +er ! you "ill need to add one#

ContrastA

C%ITI% -+E-+TF#* WI"@

nl if you dry your dishes "ith a to"el! "illthey e spotlessO

If onl & had more time!& could rela/#



Practice

-oad -ules

Choose the answer that best com!letes the sentence7

• ?ore than one ans"er may e correct#

• 9ote the punctuation $"hich affects the meaning of the

sentence#%

• (n asteris indicates an incorrect choice#

3 5#- -+"P%"+ PTI%"

67 ?ost dri+ers "ill let you change lanes you signal "ell in ad+ance# if

unless

87 Hou shouldn6t change lanes you signal first# if

unless

97 ( dri+er may change lanes it is safe to do so# only if

unless

:7 ( dri+er may mae a right turn on a red light he stops first and then

checs for oncoming traffic#

if

unless

;7 ( dri+er may mae a right turn on a red it is a one-"ay street and the if

if

only if

if



traffic is oncoming # unless

<7 & dri+er can go through a red light a police officer instructs the dri+er to

do so#

if

unless

=7 ( dri+er may dri+e 3I mph in a zone that is mared 3I mph it is unsafe

to do so#

if

unless

?7 dri+ers are careful! accidents "ill happen# if

unless

7 you drin! don6t dri+e# if

unless

6D ( dri+er should par in a handicapped space the dri+er has a special

permit#

only if

unless


if

&f

only if

Reset










:ulie Se+astopoulos - se+astopoulossmccd#edu College of San ?ateo - San ?ateo! C( 20' US( =ast updated@5A'2A'005

Conditional

Rephrasing DifD Clauses Framed | Unframed

Read & Compare

mitting /if/ in a Conditional "entenceD&fD can e omitted placing more emphasis on the +er# This form is oftenused "hen gi+ing ad+ice#

#sing /Were/0 /@ad/ & /"hould/

IF C%ITI%* .+-2 P@-"+"

If I were ou0 I wouldn't get involved7 Were I ou0 I wouldn't get involved7

















If I had known0 I would have said something7 @ad I known0 I would have said something7

If ou should see him again0 call meimmediatel7

"hould ou see him again0 call meimmediatel7

DereD is used infreKuently! mostly "ith Dere & youD

Conditional Clause Word rder Change1% Remo+e DifD# '% ?o+e the au/iliary +er to the front of the sentence

.+-2T5P+"

C%ITI%* C*#"+ -+"#*TI.+ C*#"+

/were/ If I were ou0I would have asked him to !a me back

Were I ou0

/had/ If the !olice had come0 the would have sto!!ed him7

@ad the !olice come0

/should If he comes back! call me7

"hould he come back! call me7

mitting /if/ b #sing ther dverbs

IF T@+- C%ITI%* .+-2"

If ou need to reach me0 call m cell !hone7In the event (that) ou need to reach me0 callm cell !hone7

In case ou need to reach me0 call m home7

Related page@ (d+ers of .roaility

Practice

"elect an o!tion from each menu to re!hrase the sentence without /if/7 Then0 check ouranswer7

3"+*+CT 5#- -+"P%"+ C@+CB%"W+-

Should you need some more mo





67 &f you should need some more money! ustas me#

ust as me#

ust as me#

87 &f & "ere your teacher! & "ould insist you tryharder#

! & "ould

insist you try harder#

! & "ould insist you try harder#

97 &f my oss calls! please let me no" righta"ay#

! please let

me no" right a"ay#

please let me no" right

a"ay#

:7 &f & had thought of the right "ords! & "ouldha+e told him "hat & "as thiningO

! & "ould ha+e told him "hat & "as thiningO

& "ould ha+e told him

"hat & "as thiningO

;7 If I were a millionaire0 I would not have toworr about s!ending mone7

! & "ould not

ha+e to "orry aout spending money#

& "ould not ha+e to "orry aout

spending money#

--

Should you need some more mo

--

ere & your teache

--

--

Ead & thought of the right "

--

ere & a millionair



<7 If the run out of tickets0 we will have togo to another movie7

!

"e "ill ha+e to go to another mo+ie#

"e "ill ha+e to go to another

mo+ie#

=7 If ou change our mind0 let me know7! let

me no"

let me no"#

?7 If ou had known m dad0 ou wouldhave thought he was wonderful too7

you "ould

ha+e thought he "as "onderful too#

you "ould ha+e

thought he "as "onderful too#

7 If ou had seen the bird dancing0 ouwould have laughed too7

da

ncing ! you "ould ha+e laughed too#

you "ould ha+e laughed too#

6D7

If I were a movie star0 I could get antable in the fanciest restaurant7

& could get

any tale in the fanciest restaurant#

& could get any tale in the

fanciest restaurant#

--

Should they run out

--

Should you change your m

--

Ead you no" n my dad!

--

Ead you seen the

--

ere & a mo+ie star

Reset




:ulie Se+astopoulos - se+astopoulossmccd#edu College of San ?ateo - San ?ateo! C( 20' US( =ast updated@5A'2A'005



















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