Ch 14 Practice Questions - eBoard

Ch 14 Practice Questions

A) air pollution B) floodC) hurricane D) drought

1. Which of the following is an environmental hazardcreated by humans?

2. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below.

Graywacke

Graywacke is a type of sandstone composed of a great variety of minerals. Unlikea "clean" sandstone where both the sand-sized grains and cement are composedmostly of quartz, graywacke is a "dirty" sandstone which can be composed of potassiumfeldspar, plagioclase feldspar, calcite, hornblende, and augite, as well as quartz. Graywacke can be used for paving highways. The hard, massive bedrock is firstdrilled and then blasted into large chunks. Stone crushers grind these chunks intopebble-sized pieces. Truckloads of the graywacke pebbles are then hauled to plantswhere asphalt for paving is made.

State one negative environmental impact a graywacke quarry could have on the area where it is located.

A) a dense-fog warningB) a high-wind advisoryC) a heat-index warningD) an air-pollution advisory

3. On a certain day, the isobars on a weather map are veryclose together over eastern Kentucky. To make thepeople of this area aware of possible risk to life andproperty in this situation, the National Weather Serviceshould issue


4. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section of two crustal plates and the boundarybetween them shown below. The arrows indicate the direction of rock movement.

A) magnetic pole reversals and cooling of ocean waterB) meteorite impacts and tilting of shorelinesC) hydrospheric pollution and adiabatic heatingD) earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

Which geologic events occur most often at this mid-oceanic ridge plate boundary?

5. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram and field map below. The diagram shows anunderground gasoline storage tank at a service station that is leaking gasoline into the soil. Ground-watermonitoring wells were drilled to show the pattern of the leakage. The concentration of gasoline, in parts permillion, at each well is indicated on the field map.

A) The size of the pollution field will decrease, and the concentration measurement will decrease.B) The size of the pollution field will decrease, and the concentration measurement will increaseC) The size of the pollution field will increase, and the concentration measurement will decrease.D) The size of the pollution field will increase, and the concentration measurement will increase.

Which statement best describes the pollution field’s size and concentration measurement if the gasolinecontinues to leak out of the tank?


A) transformation of energyB) form of pollutionC) chemical changeD) phase change

6. Friction occurring at an interface always produces a

A) wind B) gravityC) tides D) pollution

7. What is the most direct cause of major surface oceancurrents?

8. Points are plotted on the graph below to show therelationship between lake-water pollution and thepopulation density around several small lakes inMinnesota.

A) decreases B) increasesC) remains the same

As population density increases, the lake pollution

A) Pollution is produced.B) The temperature of a system increases.C) The properties of a system are altered.D) Dynamic equilibrium is reached.

9. What always happens when a change occurs?

10. The graph below shows the amount of noise pollutioncaused by factory machinery during a one-week period.

A) The machinery ran 24 hours a day.B) The machinery was turned off on Saturday and

Sunday.C) The level of pollution remained constant during

working hours.D) The noise volume reached a peak on Friday.

Which inference is best supported by the graph?

A) human activities B) industrial plantsC) natural processes D) automobile traffic

11. Which is the least probable source of atmosphericpollution in heavily populated cities?

A) nuclear B) solarC) coal D) natural gas

12. Which of the sources of energy listed below is mostnearly pollution free?


13. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which shows limestone bedrockwith caves.

Identify one source of pollution caused by human activity that contributes to the precipitation becomingmore acidic.

14. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which shows an area nearWatertown, New York. The top layer of soil contains broken rock fragments. A representative sample ofthis layer has been magnified.

Rocks and minerals are natural resources that are mined in New York State. State one negative impact thatshould be considered before mining these natural resources.


A) B)

C) D)

15. Which graph shows the most probable effect ofenvironmental pollution on the chances of humansurvival?

A) It is decreasing at a constant rate.B) It is increasing at a constant rate.C) It is a cyclic event.D) It has no pattern.

16. Which statement about air pollution over this city isbest supported by the graph?

A) B)

C) D)

17. Which graph best represents the typical relationshipbetween population density near a lake and pollution ofthe lake?

A) B)

C) D)

18. Samples of air collected from the region surrounding alarge city were tested for pollutants. Which graphbelow best shows the probable relationship between airpollution and distance from the city?

A) B)

C) D)

19. Which graph best represents the most commonrelationship between the amount of air pollution andthe distance from an industrial city?

A) B)

C) D)

20. Which graph best shows the general relationshipbetween the population density of an area (x-axis) andthe amount of pollution in the area (y-axis)?


A) decrease B) increaseC) remain the same

21. As the concentration of pollution particles in theatmosphere increases, the amount of insolation thatreaches the Earth's surface will most likely

A) B)

C) D)

22. Which graph best illustrates the relationship betweenlake water pollution and human population density nearthe lake?

23. The map below shows major streams in the New York State area. The bold lines mark off sections A through I within New York State.

A) “Tectonic Plate Boundaries in New York State”B) “Bedrock Geology Locations of New York State”C) “Landscape Regions of New York State”D) “Watershed Areas of New York State”

The best title for the map would be


Base your answer to questions 24 and 25 on the illustrations below, which show two landscape regionswith similar bedrock type and structure.

A) Landscape A formed in a dry region, and landscape B formed in a humid region.B) Landscape A formed in a dry region, and landscape B formed in a glaciated region.C) Landscape A formed in a humid region, and landscape B formed in a dry region.D) Landscape A formed in a humid region, and landscape B formed in a glaciated

region.

24. Which statement best explains why these two landscape regions are different inappearance?

A) Landscape A formed in a dry region, and landscape B formed in a humid region.B) Landscape A formed in a dry region, and landscape B formed in a glaciated region.C) Landscape A formed in a humid region, and landscape B formed in a dry region.D) Landscape A formed in a humid region, and landscape B formed in a glaciated

region.

25. Which statement best explains why these two landscape regions are different in appearance?

A) crustal activity zonesB) natural resource zonesC) landscape regionsD) erosional activity areas

26. Features such as mountains, plains, and plateaus dividecontinents into

A) They are located in the same landscape region.B) Their surface bedrock formed during the same

geologic time period.C) They have the same latitude.D) They have the same longitude.

27. What do Plattsburgh and Massena, New York, have incommon?

A) absorb the most insolationB) are usually farthest from the SunC) receive the shortest duration of insolationD) receive the lowest angle of insolation

28. The coldest climates on Earth are found at the polarregions because the polar regions

A) Landscape regions are generally hard todistinguish.

B) Landscape regions are usually marked bywell-defined surface features.

C) The boundary between landscape regions isusually formed by rivers.

D) Landscape boundaries usually coincide withinternational or state boundaries.

29. Which statement best describes the boundaries betweendifferent landscape regions?


30. The diagram below shows a highway road cut.

A) crustal uplift has altered the landscapeB) human activities have altered the landscapeC) the climate has become more humidD) the bedrock porosity has changed

The water well has probably gone dry because

A) The boundaries between landscape regions in NewYork State usually are not well defined.

B) Sets of landscape characteristics seem to occurtogether, thereby identifying distinctivelandscape regions.

C) The surface of New York State displays nodistinctive landscape regions.

D) Most continental landmasses display littlevariation in observable characteristics from onelandscape region to the next.

31. Which statement best describes the relationshipbetween landscape regions and their observablecharacteristics?

A) fossilsB) earthquake epicentersC) landscape regionsD) magnetic north

32. Hillslopes, stream patterns, and the structure of thebedrock would most likely be helpful in identifying

A) the present climate of the areaB) recorded climate data of the area since 1700C) present landscape surface features found in the

areaD) the sedimentary rocks deposited in the area

during the Cambrian and Ordovician Periods

33. The climate that existed in an area during the earlyPaleozoic Era can best be determined by studying

34. Base your answer on the diagram below.

A) The elevation of the entire region will increase.B) The rate of erosion will decrease.C) The landscape features will become more

rounded.D) The limestone will weather more slowly.

Which change would probably be noted if the climatein this area became more humid?

35. Base your answer on the diagram below.

A) The elevation of the entire region will increase.B) The rate of erosion will decrease.C) The landscape features will become more

rounded.D) The limestone will weather more slowly.

Which change would probably be noted if the climatein this area became more humid?

A) plateau regions B) plain regionsC) lowland regions D) mountain regions

36. Landscapes with horizontal bedrock structure, steepslopes, and high elevations are classified as


37. The block diagram below shows a portion of Earth’ssurface.

A) The landscape features will become morerounded.

B) The elevation of the entire region will increase.C) The limestone will stop dissolving.D) The rate of wind erosion will increase.

If the climate in this area becomes more humid, whichchange will most likely occur?

A) carbon dating B) rock typesC) fossil evidence D) landscape regions

38. Geologists have subdivided geologic time into periodsthat are based on

A) climateB) longitudeC) amount of rounded sedimentD) slope of the landscape

39. Which factor has the most influence on thedevelopment of soil?


40. Base your answer to the following question on the Earth Science Reference Tables and the map below. Themap shows the major landscape regions of New York State.

A) The climate of plateau regions is generally more humid.B) The altitude of plateau regions is generally higher.C) The bedrock of plateau regions is generally more horizontal.D) The bedrock age of plateau regions is generally greater.

In what way do plateau landscape regions differ from mountain landscape regions?

A) deep gorgesB) shallow valleysC) rock type similar to the Adirondack HighlandsD) landscape characteristics most similar to the

Appalachian Uplands

41. The Catskills landscape region is classified as a plateaubecause the region has

A) rock typeB) fossil evidenceC) erosion ratesD) landscape development

42. Geologists have subdivided geologic time into unitsbased on

A) similar surface characteristicsB) similar climatic conditionsC) nearness to major mountain regionsD) nearness to continental boundaries

43. The major landscape regions of the United States areidentified chiefly on the basis of


44. The three diagrams below represent the same location atdifferent times. What is the best explanation for thedifferences in appearance of this location?

A) This region was exposed to leveling forces fordifferent lengths of time.

B) This region has different underlying bedrockstructures.

C) This region developed in different climate regions.D) This region has the same type of underlying rock

layers.

A) mountain regions B) coastal plainsC) lowlands D) plateaus

45. In New York State, both the Delaware River and theSusquehanna River flow over landscapes classified as

A) regions of waterfallsB) gently sloping plainsC) steeply sloping hillsD) V-shaped valleys

46. In which type of landscape are meandering streamsmost likely found?

A) composition and structureB) structure and ageC) age and colorD) color and composition

47. Which bedrock characteristics most influence landscapedevelopment?

A) bedrock fossils and depositional patternsB) rainfall and temperature changesC) surface features and bedrock structureD) boundaries of the drainage basins of major rivers

48. Continents are divided into landscape regions on thebasis of

49. The graph below shows how environmentaltemperatures affect the amount of organic material(humus) added to and removed from soils in humidregions.

A) little humus presentB) the highest production of humusC) a low breakdown of humusD) the same amount of humus as soils in cooler

regions

The graph supports the conclusion that soils in regionswith average annual temperatures above 25ºC have

A) amounts of rainfall B) bedrock structureC) index fossils D) glacial deposits

50. Although the Adirondacks are classified as a mountainlandscape, the Catskills are classified as a plateaulandscape because of a major difference in their

A) V-shaped valleysB) jagged hilltopsC) horizontal bedrock structureD) folded metamorphic rock

51. The Catskills landscape region is classified as a plateauprimarily because the region has


52. The cross sections of crust below represent two regionsof sedimentary rock layers that have been altered.

A) horizontal layers B) recrystallized layersC) faulted layers D) folded layers

The sedimentary bedrock in both regions originallyformed as

A) vegetation and soil typeB) stream size and drainage patternC) latitude and longitudeD) elevation and bedrock structure

53. The boundaries of landscape regions are generally welldefined by changes in

54. Base your answer to the following question on the Earth Science Reference Tables and the map below.The map shows the Generalized Landscape Regions ofNew York State as they appear in the Earth ScienceReference Tables. Letters A through K represent thedifferent landscape regions. Letters P and Q indicateviewpoints for interpreting landscape cross sections.Letters X and Y are two points along the NewYork-New Jersey border.

A) H B) I C) J D) K

Which letter represents the Manhattan Prong landscaperegion?

A) bedrock structure and elevationB) weathering rate and method of depositionC) soil associations and geologic ageD) stream discharge rate and direction of flow

55. The boundaries between landscape regions are usuallyindicated by sharp changes in

A) fossils and rock ageB) latitude and climateC) elevation and bedrock structureD) soil composition and particle size

56. Landscape regions are best identified by their

57. The diagrams below show the same region of theEarth's crust at two different times.

A) only uplifting forces within the Earth's crustB) only leveling forces within the Earth's crustC) both uplifting and leveling forces acting on the

Earth's crustD) neither uplifting nor leveling forces acting on the

Earth's crust

These diagrams seem to indicate that landscape featuresare the result of

A) climatesB) latitudesC) soil characteristicsD) bedrock characteristics

58. The primary reason that several landscape regions haveformed in New York State is that the various regions ofthe State have different

A) the age and fossil content of the bedrockB) the type of hillslopes and the stream patternsC) the amount of precipitation and the potential

evapotranspirationD) the type of vegetation and the vegetation's growth

rate

59. Which characteristics of a landscape region wouldprovide the best information about the stage ofdevelopment of the landscape?



60. If the rate of erosion in a particular landscape on theEarth's surface increases and the uplifting forces remainconstant, the elevation of that landscape will

A) mountain building and glacial erosionB) faulting and volcanic activityC) changes in the water level of Lake OntarioD) erosion of Devonian sedimentary bedrock by

rivers

61. The landscape of northeastern New York State wasformed mainly by


62. Base your answer to the following question on the passage and map below. The map shows the generalizedlandscape regions of Vermont.

Landscape Regions of Vermont

Most of Vermont’s landscape regions consist of ancient, weathered mountains that were coveredby several ice sheets during the last ice age. When the ice melted, sand, cobbles, and boulders weredeposited throughout the state, Vermont is divided into six landscape regions.

(1) The Vermont Lowlands region has a mild climate, with Lake Champlain moderating itstemperature.(2) The Green Mountains run the length of Vermont and were formed over 400 million yearsago. Most of the bedrock is metamorphic and the region is known for its deposits of talc andasbestos.(3) The Taconic Mountains extend into New York State. Slate and marble are commonlymined in this region.(4) The Valley of Vermont is a narrow valley between two mountain ranges. Most of thebedrock in the region is limestone and marble.(5) The Vermont Piedmont covers the largest area of the state. This region consists of rollinghills and valleys. Granite mining is an important industry.(6) The Northeast Highlands is a mountainous region composed of granite bedrock.

A) Vermont Lowlands B) Valley of VermontC) Taconic Mountains D) Green Mountains

Which Vermont landscape region is a continuation of New York State’s Champlain Lowlands landscape?


A) bedrock structure and elevationB) bedrock type and index fossilsC) latitude and longitudeD) climate and topography

63. The generalized landscape regions of New York Stateare classified according to

A) surface topography and bedrock structureB) existing vegetation and type of weatherC) latitude and longitudeD) chemical weathering rate and nearness to large

bodies of water

64. New York State landscape regions are identified andclassified primarily by their

A) B)

C) D)

65. Which diagram represents a plateau landscape?

66. The block diagrams below show a landscape regionbefore and after uplift and erosion.

A) folded mountain B) plateau regionC) plains region D) volcanic dome

The landscape shown in the "after" diagram is bestclassified as a

A) lowlands B) mountainsC) highlands D) plateaus

67. The Mohawk River and the Hudson River both flowprimarily over a landscape region classified as


68. As population increases, the amount of alteration of thelandscape by human activity will most likely

A) activities of humansB) wind erosionC) physical weatheringD) a changing climate

69. A local landscape can be changed most in the shortestamount of time by


70. The block diagrams below show two landscape regions labeled A and B.

A) A is the result of a humid climate, while B is the result of a dry climate.B) A is at a high elevation, while B is located at sea level.C) A is a plateau region, while B is a mountainous region.D) A is composed of igneous bedrock, while B is composed of sedimentary bedrock.

What is the most probable cause of the difference in surface features between A and B?

71. The topographic map below shows a particularlandscape.

A) B)

C) D)

Which map best represents the stream drainage patternfor this landscape?


72. The photograph below shows an eroded plateau found in the southwestern United States.

A) crustal uplift and stream erosion B) crustal uplift and glacial erosionC) crustal folding and stream erosion D) crustal folding and glacial erosion

The landscape was developed by the processes of

A) nearness to continental boundariesB) nearness to major mountain rangesC) climatic conditionsD) surface bedrock characteristics

73. The generalized landscape regions of New YorkState are identified chiefly on the basis of

A) low elevation and nearly horizontal bedrockstructure

B) high elevation and nearly horizontal bedrockstructure

C) low relief and deformed bedrock structureD) high relief and deformed bedrock structure

74. The Tug Hill Plateau is classified as a plateau becausethe landscape has

75. The diagram below is a three-dimensional model of a landscape region.

A) B) C) D)

Which map view best represents the topography of this region?


76. The diagram below represents a landscape area.

A) B)

C) D)

Which map represents the stream drainage pattern thathas most likely developed within this area?

77. Which New York State landscape region is bestrepresented by the block diagram below?

A) Appalachian PlateauB) Adirondack MountainsC) Atlantic Coastal LowlandsD) Lake Ontario Lowlands

78. The block diagram below represents a landscape thatcovers a large geographic region.

A) human technologyB) amount of vegetationC) bedrock structureD) soil associations

Which factor is most directly responsible for this typeof landscape?

79. The landscape shown below developed in a region withan arid climate.

A)

B)

C)

D)

If the erosion of this plateau had taken place in a muchmore humid climate, which diagram below bestrepresents how the landscape would appear?

Answer KeyCh 14 Practice Questions

1. A2. — noise or dust from

drilling, blasting,grinding, and/or trucktraffic— pollution ofstreams andgroundwater— increased erosion— habitat

3. B4. D5. D6. A7. A8. B9. C10. B11. C12. B13. Examples: – burning

fossil fuels – exhaustemission fromautomobiles

14. Examples: – Rocksand minerals arenonrenewableresources. – Miningcan result in pollutionof the land, water, andair in the region. –Mining can result inthe removal oftopsoil. – danger tominers – destructionof natural habitats –landscape destruction

15. B16. C17. B18. B19. D

20. A21. A22. C23. D24. C25. C26. C27. B28. D29. B30. B31. B32. C33. D34. C35. C36. A37. A38. C39. A40. C41. D42. B43. A44. A45. D46. B47. A48. C49. A50. B51. C52. A53. D54. D55. A

56. C57. C58. D59. B60. A61. A62. A63. A64. A65. B66. B67. A68. B69. A70. A71. A72. A73. D74. B75. A76. A77. A78. C79. B

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Ch 14 Practice Questions - eBoard