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DESIGN REPORTDalia Rafq Sabih Al-Timimi

Design Report, Project for a city of the future, Soil group, Semester 2 2012

Supervisors, Camia Young and Jordon Saunders

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CONTENTS

Formal Investigation

Site Analysis

Design

Geometric complexity of pore pathways

Program

Proposal

Cph 1

Cph 2

Cph 3

Cph 4

Research Borehole samples Micropore porosity

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view from He reford Street of public plaza

Project Description

The Christchurch earthquakes are the most catastrophic natural disaster in New

Zealands history when measured by the number of buildings destroyed, the

nancial impact and the number of lives affected. Every newspaper and news

channel remind us of the loss, while covering the political and nancial upset the

earthquakeshave caused they have overshadowed the present opportunity. Unlike

so many other places in the world (Haiti(2010), Australia (2009), USA (2005),

Indonesia & India (2004)) that have suffered natural disasters, Christchurch

is fortunate in that there is a national insurance policy with substantial funds

to support in the recovery.However, payouts have been delayed due to the on

going earthquakes and the nancial untangling betweenthe private vs. public

insurance policies. This opens a valuable window of time, which is now, and creates

anopportunity for designers and planners to think, debate and design for the

future of Christchurch. This is a critical year for designers to engage in the public

debate and raise the consciousness around the value of good design as well as

dene what it means. If this does not happen now, there is the very real risk that

the lowestcommon denominator of design will be built out of urgency and lack of

viable ideas.In this course we will seize this time and take advantage of it to engage

the public and fuel the debate aboutquality design. The question of what qualities

as appropriate design for Christchurch will be raised, and the students projects

should answer this question through their proposals. By doing so the students havethe opportunity to participate in shaping the future of Christchurch by providing

creative ideas when they are neededmost, which is right now.

Dispersed urban growth in the greater Christchurch area is resulting in a loss

of connectivity between living and working. What Ive strived to explore in this

medium-density housing project is a new way to obtain the attraction of suburban

living without occupying the same amount of land as traditional suburbian housing.

The proposed building will be a medium to high density housing complex which will

also accommodate some mixed use facilities such as retail and ofces. Public parks

and a plaza are also part of the scheme.

The new building with a total height of 28m will be located on the intersectionof Hereford Street and Manseld Street. The buildings structure reects the

connectivity of micro pores of the soil beneath the site. This investigation is based

on the 3D voronoi algorithmic system, which can translate the relation of points

into interfaces to divide a certain volume into individual cells and demonstrates

the complex geometry of the pore pathways. Creating collective dwellings that are

not simple stacking of layers, but rather become a more complex yet organized

coexistence of unique individual domains in a vertical village. It further combines

the two distinctive typologies the increasing Christchurch population demands into

a combined suburban home and tower in a vertical village.

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Research

Borehole samples Micropore porosity

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DataSoil Profile

DataSoil Profile

DataSoil Profile

DataSoil Profile

SPT/Particle SizeSoil Description

Colour

1.5W VL

2 .3 W VS

-3.0W M D

-5.1 W L

-6.1 W L

-7.5 WM D

15.0W MD


Colour

1.3 M VS

1.9 W VL

3.0 W VS

8.0 W L

13.5 W D

15.0W VSt


Colour

0.8 W S

1.5 W D

6.0 W MD

7.0 W F

7.5 W VS

10.5 W F

22.0


Colour

0.8 W VL

1.5 MWVL

5.5 W L

7.0 W L

10.5MW L

1 0. 5 W VL

19.0

14.5W VL

KAIRAKI BEACH WAINONI

HALLSWELL

CBD

Urban Areas of Christchurch

Borehole Location

1:500,000

0 5 km 1 0k m 1 5k m

Weathering

UWSWMWHCCWRW

UnweatheredSlightly WeatheredModerately WeatheredHighly WeatheredCompletely/Extr. WeatheredResidual Soil

Source Key

Undrained Shear Strength

VSSFStVStHFb

Very softSoftFirmStiffVery StiffHardFriable

Cu (kPa)200

Relative Density

VLLMDDVD

Very looselooseMedium DenseDenseVery Dense

Main soil types of ChristchurchBorehole Data

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DataSoil Profile


Colour

- 0 .8 D L

-2 .8 M -W F

- 3 .0 W L

- 3 .5 M S

- 4 .7 W L

- 7 .5 W L

- 8 .0 W L

- 8 .2 W L

- 9 .0 W D

- 9 .8 W D

-1 0. 5 W D

-11.7W MD

-15.0

AVONDALE

Data

Soil Profile


Colour

-0 .8 D

- 2 .2 M V S

- 4.5 MD

-6 .0 W M D

-15.0

Data

Soil Profile


Colour

-1.0

-3 .5 W VS

-4 .0 W M D

-6 .0 W M D

-1 7. 0 W VD

-1 9. 0 W VD

Data

Soil Profile


Colour

-0.8

-1 .5 M

- 2.9 W V S

- 4.5 W MD

-6 .0 W M D

-10.5 W MD

-11.2SW MD

-1 5. 0 W D

-0 .3 5 D L

- 3 .1 W L

-4 .8 W M D

Colour

Data

Soil Profile


-5 .2 W M D-5 .4 W M D

-5 .0 W M D

-5 .6 W M D

-5 .8 W M D

- 7 .5 W D

-1 0. 7 W M D

-11.4 W MD

-11.6 S MD

-13.0W MD

-1 4. 8 W M D

-1 5. 3 W M D

- 1 7. 3 W D

- 1 9. 3 W D

BEXLEY

BURWOODRICHMOND SPENCERVILLE


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72 cm

Well graded gravels or gravel - sandmixtures, little or no fine

Silty gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixtures A loose granular substancecarried by running water

A loose granular substance

loose granular substance,slightly weathered

loose granular substance,highly weathered

Material characteristic ofboggy, acid ground consistingof partly decomposedvegetable matter.

HIGH POROSITY

ANGULAR AND ROUNDED

GRAINS, MANY SIZES

(POOR SORTING)

Strong thin platey structure

Well graded sands or gravelly sands,little or no fines

Silty sands, sand-silt mixtures

PEAT SOILS

Fine sand carried by running waterand deposited as a sediment.

A soil like material consisting of partlydecomposed vegetable matter

SILT SOILS

SANDS WITH FINES

CLEAN SANDS

GRAVELS WITH FINES

CLEAN GRAVELS

GRAVEL AND GRAVELLY SANDS

SAND AND SANDY SOILS

//CORE SECTION //AGGREGATE SCALE//PEDON SCALE //MICROPORE SCALE

HIGH POROSITY

ANGULAR AND ROUNDED

GRAINS, MANY SIZES

(POOR SORTING)

HIGH POROSITY

ROUNDED GRAINS,

UNIFORM SIZE (GOOD

SORTING)

HIGH POROSITY

ROUNDED GRAINS, MANY

SIZES (POOR SORTING)

VERY LOW POROSITY

ANGULAR GRAINS, MANY


HIGH POROSITY

ROUNDED GRAINS, MANY



white colour assigned to pore and black to soil

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Soil investigation

The main soil types of Christchurch consist of granular substances such as sands, gravels,non-plastic soils and their mixtures. These granular soils are the main reason for liquefac -tion. These soils derive their stiffness and strength through grain to grain contact stresses.Shallow soils have small grain to grain contact stresses, so they are relatively soft and weak.Soils at great depth have large grain to grain contact stresses so they are relatively stiff andstrong.

The soil types evident in the borehole samples are loose. Loose soils have more voids intheir inherent structure (since they were not well compacted when deposited) Hence, when

shaken, they show large tendency for densication (contraction) which in turn leads torapid pore water pressure build up and eventual liquefaction in only few cycles of strongshaking. Since these soils are loosely packed and are highly deformable (compressible),liquefaction will be severely manifested and will result in very large ground movements andnearly complete loss of load carrying capacity.This is why loose soils are particularly prone to liquefaction and show very severe conse-quences of liquefaction. Very Dense soils are rare in the borehole samples. Very dense soils

will allow for limite d tendency for densication and hence produce low excess pore waterpressures and therefore would have a much higher liquefaction resistance. Clays are notevident in Christchurch soils. Clayey soils in general, derive stiffness and strength from anadditional mechanism (cohesion) and hence are considered non-liqueable.

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Formal Investigation Geometric complexity of pore pathways

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Pore pathways distances

between pores.

Use the nodes and pathways to

generate the 3d voronoi cells.

PLOT NODES PORE PATHWAYSVORONOI GEOMETRY

GENERATION

Plot soil pores using

point clouds inside a

box of 4mm x 4mm x

10 mm.

GENERATE STRUCTURE

Soil typeSILT

Geometry Generation from 3D Voronoi Division

My design investigation demonstrates the connectivity of micropores in a 4mm fragment of the main soil types found

in Christchurch soils. The investigation is based on the 3D voronoi algorithmic system, which can translate the rela -

tion of points into interfaces to divide a certain volume into individual cells and demonstrate the complex geometry

of the porepathways. The point clouds represent pores and edges represent interpore throats.

3D Voronoi can translate the relation of points into surfaces to create individual cells. By changing the positions of

points I can create various 3D plots and proceed to create the complex geometry of pore pathways.

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Pore pathways distancesbetween pores.




GENERATION

Plot soil pores usingpoint clouds inside a

box of 4mm x 4mm x10 mm.

GENERATE STRUCTURE

Soil typeFINE SANDS

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Use the nodes and pathways togenerate the 3d voronoi cells.


GENERATION


box of 4mm x 4mm x

10 mm.

GENERATE STRUCTURE

Soil typePEAT

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Use the nodes and pathways togenerate the 3d voronoi cells.


GENERATION


box of 4mm x 4mm x10 mm.

GENERATE STRUCTURE

Soil typeGRAVEL

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Pore pathways distances

between pores.




GENERATION

Plot soil pores using

point clouds inside a

box of 4mm x 4mm x

10 mm.

GENERATE STRUCTURE

Soil typeCLEAN SAND

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3D drawingCOMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE

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Rapid prototypesACCENTRIC STRUCTURES

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Rapid prototypesACCENTRIC STRUCTURES

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Site Analysis Program

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hereford street

manchesterstreet

central library

community spaces

hospitals

bus interchange

ambulance stations

supermarkets

schools

bank branches

0101 01

03

07

09

02

08

03

02

05

04

07

06

09

08

03

03

03

06

03

03

03

03

Christchurch CBD, 553626.42N 125903.85E

Urban Fabric

Due to the building work needed for the rebuild of Christchurch, worker

numbersin the inner city are expectedto increase rapidly.36,000 workers are

expectedto move into the city by theend of 2013. Couple households will

increase by 48% by 2031. That is the biggest increase in changing household

compositions.In the central city, this demographic takes up almost 70% of

the proportion of house-holds. Couples without children,increase in emptynesters. One person households are projected to increase to 602,000 in

2031. There is a rising demand for single unit housing in Christchurch.

There is also an incentive of living and working in the city, in the Christch-

urch Urban Strategy.

ammenities according to cera blueprintpre earthquakepost earthquake

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building location

elevation along hereford street

01

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intersection

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demographichousingmaximum volume

program circulation parks in towers

//THREE BEDROOM //COUPLES APARTMENT

34 APARTMENTS

84.4m2

31 APARTMENTS52.3m2

91 APARTMENTS

2850m2

28m HEIGHT RESTRICTION

RESTAURANTS

HOUSING

MAIN PEDESTRIANACCESS

CORE

OFFICESS, M, L FOR LET

COMMERCIAL

29 APARTMENTS

23.7m2

//SINGLE

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CORE

OFFICES RESTAURANTS

HOUSING COMMERCIAL

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Design Proposal

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NODAL MAPPING OF RELATIONS ON SITE

0.1 0.2 0.6

kilometer

CHRISTCHURCH CBD553626.42N 125903.85E

CHRISTCHURCH

C

BD

SITE

PROGRAMMATIC MAPPING OF EXISTINGSURROUNDINGS WERE CONDUCTED AS A SOURCEOF EXPLORATION IN THE OBSERVATION OF POSSIBLEVORONOI PATTERNS. FOUR MAIN ACTIVITY NODES(RESIDENTIAL, RECREATIONAL, COMMERCIAL ANDTRANSPORTATIONAL) WERE IDENTIFIED AND FEDINTO VORONOI SCRIPT TO GENERATE OVERLAYS OFVORONOI PATTERN BASED ON ACTIVITY NODES.

OPEN

SPAC

ECOMM

ERCIA

L

TRANS

PORT

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PHOTOGRAPHIC MAPPING OF ENVIRONMENT ON SITE

INTERSECTION OF HEREFORD STREET AND MANCHESTER STREET

43 3202.19S 172 3836.09 E

150 20 100metres

- . L

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- 0 .8 W V L

-1.5MWVL

- 5 .5 W L

- 7. 0 W L

-10.5MWL

- 1 0.5W V L

-19.0

-14.5WVL

2850M

28M HEIGHT RESTRICTION

- . L

- . L

- . L

- .

- . L

PARKS IN TOWERS

A variety of plants will b e planted in the 17 outdoor

gardens, giving each its own characteristic. Together,

the individual gardens will create the effect of a verti-

cal garden 28 metres tall climbing the building.

SUN ORIENTATION

HIGH PERFORMANCE GLAZING

The light coloured and reective facade surfaces in

the courtyard. Parapet sections are mirrored so the

courtyard can act as a light conductor.

MAXIMUM VOLUMEFORMAL INVESTIGATION ON SITE

The geometric complexity of the soil pore pathways

found beneath the earth is directly reected above.

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// 640M

// 878.96M

.

.

// 2447.72M

// 635.25M

PROGRAM ORGANISATION

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Circulation

The sole reliance of vertical lifts in conventional towers havebeen replaced with an extensive use of escalators and stairs. Thisencourages human interaction and gives visual and aural cues asto what is happening.

Staggering oor plates between cells emphasize this. The overallatmosphere internally will be one of openness and interactivityand spontaneity. Being able to make decisions to destination onvisual cues is vital in increasing the urban street life in a sky-scraper.

1

Escalators

2

Park

3

wobedroomCell

4

Escalators/Foyer

5

TreeBedroomCell

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//THREE BEDROOM //COUPLES APARTMENT

34 APARTMENTS

84.4m2

31 APARTMENTS

52.3m2

29 APARTMENTS

23.7m2

//SINGLE

orthogonalsurface

entrance

livingsp

ace

bedroom

readingroom

exploded PlanGENERAL ARRANGEMENT

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//STRAIGHT STEEL TUBES

3D KNOT DETAIL

TUBE NO.2

TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENT

TO ATTACH TUBE NO.2

IN POSITION FORWELDING ON SITE

TUBE NO.1

WELDING LINE

//INDIVIDUAL KNOT

STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE DETAIL

Example of floor compilation

BRIDGE

KNOT - SHELL

TELESCOPIC BEAMS

METAL SHOE

CONNECTION TUBE

SLOTTED AND SCREWED

Knot & floor beam / DetailPerspective view / Exploded drawing

FLOOR PANEL

//TELESCOPIC BEAMS

Knot & floor beam / Exploded drawingPerspective view/ Exploded drawing

//FLEXIBLE KNOT

Knot & floor beamPerspective view

Knot detailDifferent Views

SURFACE POSITION

9m

9m

Side view

//POSITION A

//POSITION B

DETAILS OF SKELETON & FLOOR SYSTEMBecause the structures does not rely on oors in terms of stability the oors can be seen as a seperatesystem which are placed just depending on the use.

DETAILS / FLEXIBLE FLOORSShells envelop the tubes and are connected to telescopic beams. The foor construction isplaced n top.

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vertical villag e on site

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view from Here ford Street o f public plaza

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121014 Soil Book-da