(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,090,550

US008090550B2

(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,090,550 B2 Azancot et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 3, 2012

(54) EFFICIENCY MONITOR FOR INDUCTIVE (58) Field of Classi?cation Search .................. .. 702/62, POWER TRANSMISSION 702/150; 324/239, 329, 334, 335, 336; 323/224,

323/225, 235, 238, 247, 259, 262; 363/16, 363/24, 25, 131; 320/108, 109, 114; 235/380;

(75) Inventors: Yossi Azancot, Jerusalem (IL); Amir 307/104, 116; 318/16, 480, 538 Ben-Shalom, Modiin (IL); Oola See application ?le for complete search history. GreenWald, Mevasseret Zion (IL); Arik Rofe, Jerusalem (IL) (56) References Cited

73 A _ P t Ltd IL US. PATENT DOCUMENTS ( ) sslgnee' owerma ’ '( ) 3,771,085 A 11/1973 Hojo etal.

3,938,018 A 2/1976 Dahl * ~ . ~ ~ ~ - 4,160,193 A 7/1979 Richmond

( ) Not1ce. Subject‘ to any d1scla1mer, the term ofthis 4,431,948 A 2/1984 Elder et a1‘ patent 1s extended or adjusted under 35 4 754 180 A 6/1988 Kiedrowski U-S-C- 154(1)) by 197 days- 4,977,515 A 12/1990 Rudden etal.

5,221,877 A 6/1993 Falk

_ (Continued) (21) App1.No.. 12/563,558 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

(22) Filedl SeP- 21, 2009 EP 0160990 A2 11/1985

(Continued) (65) Prior Publication Data

OTHER PUBLICATIONS US 2010/0070219 A1 Mar. 18, 2010

S.Y.R. Hui, et al., A New Generation of Universal Contactless Battery _ _ Charging Platform for Portable Consumer Electronic Equipment,

Related U-s- Apphcatlon Data IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 20, No. 3, May 2005.

ont1nuat1ono app 1cat1on o. , ontmue (63) c ' ' f 1' ' N PCT/IL2008/000401 c ' d

?led on Mar. 23, 2008. Primary Examiner * Carol Tsai

(60) Provisional application No. 60/907,132, ?led on Mar. (74) Attorney, Agenl, 01’ F if"! * BFOOkS Kushman PC 22, 2007, provisional application No. 60/935,847, ?led on Sep. 4, 2007, provisional application No. (57) ABSTRACT 61/096,976, ?led 011 Dec- 18, 2007, Provisiona1 An e?iciency monitor for monitoring the ef?ciency of poWer aPPhPZIUOH NO- 91/906,106, ?led 011 Dec- 19, 2007, transmission by an inductive poWer outlet. The ef?ciency PrOVlslOna1 apphcfmon NO- 91/906,488, ?led on Jan monitor includes an input poWer monitor, for measuring the 16, 2008: PrOVlslOna1 211313110311011 No- 61/006,721’ input poWer delivered to the primary coil, and an output ?led 011 Jan- 29, 2008- poWer monitor, for measuring the output poWer received by

the secondary coil. The input and output poWers are used by (51) Int Cl a processor to determine an index of poWer-loss. A circuit

' ' breaker may be used to disconnect the inductive poWer outlet GoIR 21/00 (200601) in case of excessive poWer loss.

(52) US. Cl. ........ .. 702/62; 702/150; 323/224; 320/108; 235/380; 307/104; 307/116

Power Supply

240

210

11 Claims, 20 Drawing Sheets

210

Receiver

260 A

[Sc 290

Transmitter

280 7777777 "ll 77777 W" T [40

Sigtal Generator

US 8,090,550 B2 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2006/0028176 A1 2/2006 Tang etal. 5,278,771 A M994 Nyenya 2006/0043927 A1 3/2006 Beartetal.

2006/0052144 A1 3/2006 Sell et al. 5,367,242 A 11/1994 Hulman 5455466 A “M995 P k t l 2006/0061325 A1 3/2006 Tangetal. 5,486,394 A M996 S2“ $1‘: a' 2006/0071632 A1 4/2006 Ghabraetal. 5,528,113 A M996 Btoug l 2006/0091222 A1 5/2006 Leungetal.

’ ’ °.YS.eta~ 2006/0093132 A1 5/2006 Desormiere etal. 5,550,452 A 8/1996 shrrar etal. 5 600 225 A M997 G t 2006/0202665 A1 9/2006 Hsu 5,713,939 A M998 Nod‘) d. 31 2007/0023559 A1 2/2007 Scapillato etal.

’ r e unga let ~ 2007/0057763 A1 3/2007 Blattneretal. 5,734,254 A 3/1998 Stephens - - 2007/0076459 A1 4/2007 Llmpkln 5,762,250 A 6/1998 Carlton etal. 5821728 A “M998 Sh .d 2007/0136593 A1 6/2007 Plavcanetal.

’ r c Wm 2007/0165371 A1 7/2007 Brandenburg 5,821,731 A 10/1998 Kukletal. - 2007/0182367 A1 8/2007 Partovl 5,850,416 A 12/1998 Myer .......................... .. 375/221 - 5907 285 A M999 T l 2007/0279002 A1 12/2007 Partovl

’ ’ 0mm” 2008/0001922 A1 1/2008 Johnson etal. 5,929,598 A 7/1999 Nakamaetal. 2008/0030985 A1 2/2008 Jeon etal. 5,949,214 A 9/1999 Broussard et a1. - 6042 005 A 30000 B .1 t l 2008/0049988 A1 2/2008 Baslleetal.

’ ’ “lee a' 2008/0079388 A1 4/2008 SarnoWsky etal. 6,211,649 B1 4/2001 Matsuda 2008/0132293 A1 6/2008 Gundlach etal. 6,230,029 B1 5/2001 Hahnetal. 2008/0157715 A1 7/2008 Rosenboomet a1. 6,396,935 B1 5/2002 Makkonen - 6 436 299 B1 80002 B l 2008/0223926 A1 9/2008 Mllleretal.

’ ’ 999991199 2008/0258680 A1 10/2008 Frerking etal. 6,441,589 B1 8/2002 Frerklng et al. 2008/0265835 A1 10/2008 Reed etal. 6,484,260 B1 11/2002 Scott etal. - . 2009/0026959 A1 1/2009 L1n etal. 6,532,298 B1 3/2003 Cambler et al. 2009/0040807 A1 2/2009 Doumae etal. 6,586,909 B1 7/2003 Trepka - . 2009/0047768 A1 2/2009 Jaln 6,624,616 B1 9/2003 Frerklng et al. 2009/0047769 A1 2/2009 Bhatetal. 6,644,557 B1 11/2003 Jacobs 2009/0075704 A1 3/2009 Wang 6,673,250 B2 1/2004 Kuennen et al. - 2009/0079387 A1 3/2009 J1n etal. 6,690,169 B2 2/2004 Candy ......................... .. 324/329 - 2009/0084705 A1 4/2009 Justlss 6,721,540 B1 4/2004 Hayakawa 2009/0097221 A1 4/2009 Sayedetal. 6,731,071 B2 5/2004 Baarrnan 2009/0102416 A1 4/2009 Burley 6,766,040 B1 7/2004 Catalano et al. 2009/0134972 A1 5/2009 Wu, Jr. et al. 6,825,620 B2 11/2004 Kuennen et al. . 2009/0146608 A1 6/2009 Lee 6,888,438 B2 5/2005 Hu1 etal. . 2009/0153098 A1 6/2009 Toya etal. 6,894,457 B2 5/2005 Germaglan et a1. 13519275 S 40006 Sh 2009/0153297 A1 6/2009 Gardner

’ @929 2009/0174263 A1 7/2009 Baarrnan etal. 7,043,060 B2 5/2006 Qulntana 2009/0203355 A1 8/2009 Clark 7,126,450 B2 10/2006 Baarrnan etal. 2009/0212639 A1 8/2009 Johnson 7,132,918 B2 11/2006 Baarrnan etal. . 2009/0226050 A1 9/2009 Hughes 7,164,255 B2 1/2007 Hu1 - 2009/0243791 A1 10/2009 Partln etal. 7,180,248 B2 2/2007 Kuennen et al. - . 2009/0251102 A1 10/2009 Hu1 7,180,265 B2 2/2007 Naskalletal. - . 2009/0273891 A1 11/2009 Pelker 7,224,086 B2 5/2007 Germag‘an etal' 2009/0278494 A1 11/2009 Randall 7 233 319 B2 6/2007 Johnson et al.

’ ’ 2009/0322158 A1* 12/2009 Stevensetal. .............. .. 307/104 P553352 5 10/2007 Brandenburg 2010/0039066 A1 2/2010 Yuan etal 7,385,357 B2 6/2008 Kuennen et al. '

7,392,068 B2 6/2008 Dayan er 91- FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 7,405,535 B2 7/2008 Frerklng et al. 7,462,951 B1 12/2008 Baarrnan EP 0160990 B1 1/1991 D586,809 s 2/2009 Jones etal. EP 0558316 A1 1/1993 7,518,267 B2 4/2009 Baarrnan EP 1990734 A1 11/2008 7,522,878 B2 4/2009 Baarrnan GB 2399466 A 9/2004 7,576,514 B2 8/2009 Hui GB 2399466 B 11/2005 D599,735 s 9/2009 Amideietal. W0 9602879 A1 2/1996 D599,736 s 9/2009 Ferberetal. W0 0215320 A1 2/2002 D599,737 s 9/2009 Amideietal. W0 0201557 A1 3/2002 D599,738 s 9/2009 Amideietal. WO 2008030985 A2 3/2003 7,605,496 B2 10/2009 Stevens et al. ................ .. 307/17 WO 2006015143 A2 2/2006 D603,603 s 11/2009 Laine etal. WO 2008086080 A2 7/2008 7,612,528 B2 11/2009 Baarrnan etal. WO 2008093334 A2 7/2008 D607,879 s 1/2010 Ferberetal. WO 2008114268 A2 9/2008 D611’407 S 3/2010 Webb WO 2009040807 A2 4/2009 D611,408 s 3/2010 Ferberetal. WO 2009047768 A2 4/2009 7,791,312 B2 9/2010 Kook .......................... .. 320/108 WO 2009047769 A2 4/2009

2002/0057584 A1 5/2002 Brockmann WO 2009049657 A1 4/2009 2002/0158512 A1 10/2002 Mizutanietal. WO 2009108958 A1 9/2009 2003/0210106 A1 11/2003 Cheng etal. WO 2010/025156 A1 3/2010 2004/0023633 A1 2/2004 Gordon WO 2010/025157 A1 3/2010 2004/0195767 A1 10/2004 Randall OTHER PUBLICATIONS 2004/0203537 A1 10/2004 Yoshidaetal. _ _ _ _

2004/0242264 A1 0/2004 Cho XLlu, et a1.,AnAnalys1s ofaDouble-layer Electromagnetlc Shleld 2004/0261802 A1 12/2004 Grif?n et a1, foraUniversal Contactless Battery Charging Platform, IEEE 2006. 2005/0007067 A1 1/2005 Baarrnan et a1, XLiu, Equivalent Circuit Modeling of a Multilayer PlanarWinding 2005/0083020 A1 4/2005 Baarrnan Array Structure forUseinaUniversalContactless Battery Charging 2005/0130593 A1 6/2005 Michalak Platform, 2006 IEEE. 2005/0169506 A1 8/2005 Fenrich et al. S.C. Tang, et al., Evaluation of the Shielding Effects on Printed 2005/0192062 A1 9/2005 Mickle et al. Circuit-BoardTransformers Using Ferrite Plates andCopper Sheets, 2005/0233768 A1 10/2005 Guo etal. 2002IEEE.

US 8,090,550 B2 Page 3

YR Xu, et al., Extended Theory on the Inductance Calculation of Planar Spiral Windings Including the Effect of Double-layer Elec tromagnetic Shield, 2007 IEEE . Xun Liu, et al., Optimal Design of a Hybrid Winding Structure for Planar Contactless Battery Charging Platform, 2007 IEEE. Xun Liu, et al., Simulation Study and Experimental Veri?cation of a Universal Contactless Battery Charging Platform With Localized Charging Features, 2007 IEEE.

International Search Report and Written Opinion as ?led in PCT/ IL2008/00l282, as mailed on Mar. 3, 2009. International Search Report and Written Opinion as ?led in PCT/ IL2008001347, as mailed on Feb. 17, 2009. International Search Report and Written Opinion as ?led in PCT/ IL2008/00l348, as mailed on Oct. 12, 2008.

* cited by examiner

US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 1 0f 20 US 8,090,550 B2

240

Power Supply

230

Driver

_/

Ts Transmitter

k

S1 gnal Generator

Secondary Coil

Load


........................ .7

Frequency CLHTQH'E Divider Monitoy

I

/ in, =Fd/n is» 2166

Correlator

\2164 2168 \ Sent

Micyocontmller


2242 110(1) 4 F

- /22 0 \ l >

2246\ 2248 \ Fr,‘ \ V10) L1

Clock . SC Drlver —>

I/ 2244 F2 Fraquency Current A}

Divider _ Monitor

/ Fl, =Fd/n Sp\ 2166 ‘ 2162

Correlator

\2164

Soat s \\ ' C Microcontroller

21% SE V

Fig. 2d


- . - - - fl ------- ' “ I

> , ----------------- " ' TransmissiOn

- “X / \§_-_-_--'7'—‘~€‘: {

K3212 I

I Power Source , R?celver

/ 3240

3200

Fig. 3


Provide Input Signal \ Step (21)

Provide Bit-rate Signal

\ Step (b)

Modulate the Bit-rate Signal With the Input Signal to create a Modulated Signal

\ Step (c)

Connect an ancillary load to a secondary coil intermittently according to said Modulated Signal

\ Step ((1)

V

Monitor the primary current drawn by a primary coil to produce a Primary Current Signal

\ Step (e)

Cross-correlate the Primary Current Si gnal with said Bit~rate Signal to generate an Output Signal

\ Step (1)

Fig. 4


4300 4240

Power Supply

4230

0

0 9 0 2

M 4/

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US. Patent Jan. 3, 2012 Sheet 9 0120 US 8,090,550 B2

5290

Output Monitor 4— 51% V60 5042 5100 :1

\. I 1 w

l l \ l

/ 5160 *PW 5140 13"‘ 5640 ‘Y t 5220

Processor ‘ Input Monitor / Pi" \ 5162 i 5122 ‘\

Power Supply Circuit-breaker 5300 \5240 \5280 \

5210

Fig. 6a


5290

5294 Attention! !

A power drain has been detected.

5642

l w

/ 5160 *PW 5140 TU”’< 5640 \Y ‘ 5220

Processor 4 Input Monitor / Pi" \ 5162 l 5122 ‘\

Power Supply Circuit-breakor 5300 \s240 \5280 \

5210

Fig. 6b


Measure the input power delivered to a primary coil

\ Step (a)

V

Measure the output power received by an electric device

Step (b)

‘

Communicate the input power Pin to a processor

\ Step (c)

Communicate the output power Pout to the processor

\ Step ((1)

Determine an index of power-loss

Calculate the ef?ciency Ca1°‘%1ateth‘? efficiency \ quotient Q by differential A by Step (e)

determining the ratio of _ determmmg the _ difference between Pout Pout t0 Pm

I and Pin

& i Disconnect the primary

coil from the power supply if the ef?ciency quotient Q is below a

Disconnect the primary coil from the power

supply if the ef?ciency differential A is above a

threshold value, thereby threshold value, thereby preventing power leakage preventing power leakage

Step (f1) \ Step (f2)


6642

6300

6362

6360

Fig. 8a


6290 6642

Fig. 8b


7300 7360 j

\_m_ User Interface

\

7362

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7160 ,/ \“ Sensing Power

‘ Unit Outlet


7362

- Processor

7210

SC Power Outlet

Fig. 10


Ts ‘ Cross-Correlator < Clock

T f .

K \ 42 8544 85

.\ ~\s500 8160

Sc

4208 K 8210 \

microcontrollcr 4 swlijchting : 50w?‘ \ f m \ upp y ~

\ \ \ QL 8234 8232 8240

Location Signal

Fig. 11


9640

9360

o

9290

Fig. 12a

Documents

(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,090,550