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[1.7] Long, T.: Digital Television Broadcasting Developments in Europe Inde­pendent Television Commission, Winchester, Hampshire, United King­dom, NAB 1992 Broadcast Engineering Conference Proceeding, pp 126-135

[1.8] NN: HDTV-T Digitale terrestrische HDTV-Ubertragung Beschreibung des Verbundprojekts (Digital terrestrial HDTV transmission - Descrip­tion of the combined project)

[1.9] Muller-Romer, E: HDTV: Der Sprung ins nachste Jahrhundert (HDTV: The leap into the next century) Funkschau 8/1993, pp 49-53

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[2.6] NN: Specification for transmission of two-channel digital sound with terres­trial television Systems B, G and I EBU SPB 424, Technical Centre, Brussels

[2.7] NN: SchluBbericht der Ad-hoc-Gruppe Datenzeile des ''ARD/ZDF/DBP­Fernsehleitungsaus~chusses" (Final report of the ad-hoc group Data Line of the ''ARD/ZDF/DBP television circuit committee") FELA of November 1980

[2.8] NN: UHF-TV-Sendesysteme (UHF TV transmitting systems) Rohde & Schwarz Info N4-015 D-l

[2.9] NN: NH500 UHF TV transistor transmitter Rohde & Schwarz Data Sheet PD757.1690.11,495

[2.10] Freeman,D.B.: The Flexible Use of New High Efficiency Power Amplifica­tion Systems, Television Technology Corporation USA, NAB 1992 Broad­cast Engineering Conference Proceedings, pp. 18-21

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[2.15] NN: Minimum Field Strengths for which Protection may be Sought in Planning a Television Service CCIR, Recommendation 417-3, Vol.XI/I. p 231, Dubrovnik 1986

[2.16] NN: Richtlinien fur die Beurteilung der Fernsehversorgung beiARD/ZDF und DBP (Guidelines for the assessment of TV coverage for ARD/ZDF and DBP) FTZ 176 R 10 und ARD/ZDF 5 RIO, February 1981

[2.17] NN: VHF and UHF Propagation Curves for the Frequency Range from 30 MHz to 1000 MHz CCIR, Recommendation 370-5, Vol.V p 247, Dubrovnik 1986

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[2.19] NN: SendeantennenlTechnische Planung/Technische Information (Trans­mitting antennas/Technical Planning/Technical information) Rohde & Schwarz, Draft, Status of August 1994

[3-1] Wood, D.: How much Bit-Rate Reduction is possible? European Perspec­tives. Montreux International Television Symposium 1991, pp. 601-6n

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[3.7] Ostrom, C.: Digital Video Compression - The Basic Concepts NAB 1992, Broadcast Engineering Conference Proceedings, pp. 345-353

[3.8] Hartwig, S.; Endemann, W.: Tutorial Digitale Bildcodierung (Tutorial on digital image coding) Fernseh - und Kino-Technik Vol. 46 (1992), Part 1-10, NO.1-n

[3.9] Parke/Morris: International Standards for Digital TV Coding lEE Collo­quim on Prospects for Digital Television Broadcasting No. 137, London Vol 1371991, P 311-5

[3-10] NN: Bild- und Video-Kompression nach JPEG- und MPEG-Verfahren -als Single-Chip-Losung (Image and video compression according to the JPEG and MPEG methods, as single-chip solution) METRONIK/C-CUBE MICROSYSTEMS, Data Sheet May/June 1992

[3.n] Stoll, G.; Theile, G.: MASCAM: Minimale Datenrate durch Beriicksichti­gung der GehOreigenschaften bei der Codierung hochwertiger Tonsigna­Ie (Minimum data rate by taking account of the characteristics of the ear when coding high-quality sound signals) FKTG, Vol. 42, No.n, pp 551-558

[3.12] NN: MUSICAM: A universal subband coding system description CCIT, IRT, Matsushita, Philips, Annex 3

[3.13] Stoll, G.; Wiese, D.; Link, M.: MUSICAM: Ein Quellencodier-Verfahren zur Datenreduktion hochqualitativer Audiosignale fur universelle Anwendung im Bereich der digitalen Toniibertragung und -speicherung. (A source en-

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[3.15] Fischer, w.: Die Fast-Fourier-Transformation - ftir die VideomeBtechnik wiederentdeckt (Rediscovering the Fast Fourier Transform for video test engineering) Fernseh- und Kino-Technik Vol. 42 No. 5/1988, pp 201-208

[3-16] Kays, R.: Kanalcodierung und Modulation fUr die digitale Fernsehtiber­tragung (Channel coding and modulation for digital television transmis­sion) Fernseh- und Kinotechnik NO.3 (1994), pp 109-114

[3-17] Reimers, U.: Digitale Fernsehtechnik (Digital Television) Springer-Verlag, 1995, pp 165-170

[4.1] NN: Draft Specification for Digital Terrestrial Television TM1354 rev.3 TCM68 reV.1 CSCM86 rev. 1, 16.6.1995

[4.2] NN: User Requirements for Terrestrial Digital Broadcasting Services DVB Document A004, Dec. 1994

[4.3] Engels, V.; Rohling, H.; Breide, S.: OFDM-Ubertragungsverfahren fUr den digital en Fernsehrundfunk (OFDM transmission methods for digital TV broadcasting) Rundfunktechnische Mitteilungen, Vol. 37, No.6, (1993) pp 260-270

[4.4] NN: Specification for an OFDM system for terrestrial broadcasting using DAPSK and a 2K FFT TCM95 TM1480 DRAFT VERSION 1.0

[4.5] NN: ACTS Proposed Project MMM ... Mobile Multi Media ACTS MM -DAB8 Report of the Kick-off Meeting, Geneva, 16 Jan. 1995

[4.6] NN: Digital Television Broadcasting EBU/ETSI JTC 6(92)30 6th Meeting, Sophia Antipolis, 19.-20.10.1992

[4-7] NN: European Telecommunication Standard DRAFT pr ETS 300 7 Febru­ary 1996 Ver. 0.0.2 Digital broadcasting systems for television sound and data services: Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for dig­ital terrestrial television, ETS [Jan. 1996: TM1545 Ver.2]

[5.1] Reimers, u.: Das europaische Systemkonzept ftir die Ubertragung digi­talisierter Fernsehsignale per Satellit (The European system concept for transmitting digital TV signals by satellite) Fernseh- und Kino-Technik Vol. 48. NO.3 (1994), pp 115-123

[5.2] NN: Digital broadcasting systems for television, sound and data services; Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for 11/12 GHz Satellite Services ETSI Draft pr ETS300421, August 1994 Source: EBU/ETSI/JTC; Ref.: DE/JTC-DVB-6

[5.3] Harm, J.: Speisung eines DVB-T Single-Frequency-Networks mit einem OFDM -Signal tiber einen geostationaren Satelliten (Feeding a DVB-T Single-Frequency Network via a geostationary satellite) Rohde & Schwarz-internal study SAT-ABST.DOC of 21.3.1995, in collaboration with P. Dambacher

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[5.4] Buchwald, Dr. Hentschel, Dr. Harm, Geier, Schlange, Fischer: Digitaler Restseitenband-Modulator fur Videosignale (Digital RSB modulator for video signals) Brunswick Technical College IRohde & Schwarz, Patent Ap­plication 1352-P, filing date: 29.7.1994

[5.5] NN: Digitaler Satelliten-Rundfunk (DSR) Spezifikation des Horfunk­Ubertragungsverfahrens (Digital Satellite Radio (DSR) - Specification of the sound radio transmission method) Technische Richtlinie Nr. 3Rl der offentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten in der BRD, Issue 3, November 1989,IRT

[5.6] Dambacher, P.; Krahmer, E.: Audio-Coder DCA fur den digitalen Horfunk (The DCA audio coder for digital sound broadcasting) Neues von Rohde & Schwarz No. 114 (1986), pp 13-16

[5.7] Dambacher, P.: Digitales Rundfunksendernetzsystem (Digital broadcast transmitter network system) Rohde & Schwarz Patent Specification with addendum and extension to the service invention P4231536.0 (1297-P), 1992

[5.8] Bauer, H.: Erzeugring von 4PKS- und 8PSKhAM-Signalen (The genera­tion of 4PSK and 8PSKhAM signals) Rohde & Schwarz Study, January 1993, in collaboration with P. Dambacher

[5.9] Dietl, A.; Kleine, G.: SFP, DSRU and DSRE - digitaler HorgenuB in CD­Qualitat (Enjoying digital sound in CD quality) Neues von Rohde & Schwarz No. 135 (1991), pp 22-24

[5-10] Mausl, R.: Untersuchung zur Bitfehlerwahrscheinlichkeit bei einer 8PSKhAM im Vergleich zu 16QAM (Investigation of the bit error proba­bility with 8PSKhAM compared with 16QAM) Study of 6.1.1993, in col­laboration with P. Dambacher

[5.11] Mausl, R.: Digitale Modulationsverfahren (Digital modulation methods) Hiithig Verlag, pp 186 und 244

[5.12] Bauer, H.: Die Modulation 16QAM und 8PSKhAM bei nichtlinearer Uber­tragungskennlinie der Wanderfeld-Rohre (16QAM and 8PSK&2AM mod­ulation with a nonlinear transfer characteristic of the TWT) Rohde & Schwarz-Study, February 1993, in collaboration with P. Dambacher

[6.1] Fleming, M.E.: An Ultra-High Speed DSP Chip Set For Real-Time Appli­cations, SHARP Electronics, Hamburg, Data Sheet, Status of 4.93

[6.2] NN: FFT8K Single chip dedicated to the computation of Fast Fourier Transforms, France Telecom, CNET Centre Grenoble, Juni 1995, on the oc­casion of the 1995 Montreux symposium

[6.3] Dambacher, P.: Verfahren zur digitalen Modulation mit Sinustrager (Methods for digital modulation with sinusoidal carrier) Rohde & Schwarz Patent Specification P4318 547.9 (1362-P), 1993

[6.4] Zschunke, W.; Friese, M.: OFDM mit konstanter Hiillkurve (constant-en­velope OFDM); interim report on the research project with the FTZ of the DBP-Telekom, Electrical Communication Dept. Darmstadt Technical Col­lege, June 1994

226 12 List of References and Sources

[6.5] Lauterjung, J.: Transmitters for Digital Terrestrial Distribution New de­velopments, experience and trends Rohde & Schwarz, Manuscript for a lec­ture and record for the 1995 Montreux symposium

[6.6] Langlois, M.: UHF Power Amplifiers Digital Modulation Performances Thomson Tubes Electroniques, Programme Production, Symposium Record, Montreux 1995, pp. 313-323 Extension E) OFDM Results for an lOT TH760 F) OFDM Results for Diacrode TH680

[6.7] Lemaitre, G.: Planning Aspects for Digital TV Transmitters Thomcast, France, Programme Production, Symposium Record, Montreux 1995, pp. 289-296

[6.8] Lauterjung, J.: Digitales terrestrisches Fernsehen - Die Zukunft hat schon begonnen (Digital terrestrial television - the future has already begun) Neues von Rohde & Schwarz No. 146 (1994), pp 57-59

[6.9] Schwarz, T.: Verfahren zur Erhohung des Wirkungsgrades bei Leistungs­verstarkern fUr Multitragersignale (Methods for increasing the efficiency of power amplifiers for multicarrier signals) Diploma paper, Munich Technical College, Electrical Engineering Dept., SS 95, 20.9.95 Academic support: Prof. R. Mausl Support at Rohde & Schwarz: Bauer, H. Dept. head: Dambacher, P.

[6.10] Striegl, W.: Simulation von Leistungsverstarkern fUr Multitragersignale (Simulation of power amplifiers for multicarrier signals) Diploma paper, Munich Technical College, Electrical Engineering Dept., WS 95/96, 23.10.95 Academic support: Prof. R. Mausl Support at Rohde & Schwarz: Bauer, H. Dept. head: Dambacher, P.

[6.11] Lerm, T.: Konzeption und Simulation eines 64-QAM-COFDM-Modula­tors zur Ubertragung datenreduzierter Videosignale unter BerUcksichti­gung der Mehrwegesituation bei mobilem Empfang (Conception and simulation of a 64QAM COFDM modulator for transmitting compressed video signals, taking into consideration the multi-path problems in mo­bile reception) Diploma paper 9.94, Berlin Technical College for Technol­ogy and Economics; Information technology/Electrical Engineering Dept., Communication Studies Written at Rohde & Schwarz in the Broad­casting and Television Engineering Dept., Dept. head: Dambacher, P., In­house support: Dipl.-Ing. C. Heinemann, Responsible College Instructors: Dipl.-Ing. R. Knopp, Prof. Dr.-Ing. R. Schliepe

[6.l2] Bauer, H.: Ermittlung der resultierenden Ubertragungskennlinien, des Schulterabstandes, des Konstellationsdiagrammes und der Inbandstorun­gen bei der Ubertragung von PSK- oder QAM-modulierten RF-Signalen Uber vorentzerrte Verstarker mit nichlinearer Amplituden- und Phasen­kennlinie (Determination of the transfer characteristics, the 1M rejection ratio, the constellation diagram and the in-band interference in the trans­mission of PSK - or QAM -modulated RF signals via precorrected amplifiers with nonlinear amplitude and phase characteristic) In-house study, PS­KQAM simulation. MCD 27.10.95, in collaboration with P. Dambacher

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[6.13] NN: L64245 Versatile FIR-Filter LSI Logic Corporation Jan. 1992 Order Number H15013

[7.1] Titze, H.-G.: ARB-Generatoren; Grundlagen, Technik und Moglichkeiten (Principles, technology and capabilities of ARB generators) Neues von Rohde & Schwarz NO.137 (1992), pp 49-51

[7.2] Winter, A.: Leichte Generierungvon COFDM-Signalen mit Software DAB­K1 (Easy generation of COFDM signals with DAB-K1 software) Neues von Rohde & Schwarz No. 145 (1994), pp 28-30

[7.3] NN: Signalgenerator SMHU 58 (SMHU 58 signal generator) Technische In­formation, PD 756.3518.11

[7.4] Winter, A.: Bandbelegungssimulation mit Signalgenerator SMHU 58 und ADS (Simulating band occupancy with the SMHU 58 signal generator and ADS) Neues von Rohde & Schwarz No. 147 (1995), pp 37

[7.5] NN: BER Testing HP-Application Note 343-1, S. 19-21 [7.6] NN: Spannungs- und LeistungsmeBtechnik (Voltage and power testing)

Rohde & Schwarz-Applikationsschrift PD 757.0835.11, 893 (B ba) [7.7] Vahldiek,D.; Winter,A.: MeBtechnik flir Digitalen Rundfunk (DAB) und Dig­

itales Fernsehen (DVB) bei Rohde & Schwarz (Test equipment for digital au­dio broadcasting and digital video broadcasting from Rohde & Schwarz) Course document for R&S Further Education course No. 1950 of 26.4.1995

[7.8] Bauer, H.: Vordefinition von qualitats- und kostenoptimierten Leis­tungsverstarkern fur digitale und analoge Systeme (Preliminary defini­tion of quality- and cost-optimized power amplifiers for digital and ana­log systems) R&S-Study 27.9.95, in collaboration with P. Dambacher

[7.9] Steen, R.: Abnahmeprotokoll flir DAB-Sender, Bayerisches Pilotprojekt, Besprechungsprotokoll vom 2.3.95 (Acceptance report for DAB transmit­ters, Bavarian pilot project, notes of the meeting of 2.3.95)

[8.1] Meinberg, w.; Meinberg, G.: Datenblatt fur Satellitenfunkuhr GPS166CP mit Stand vom 4.1.1995 (Data sheet for the GPS166CP satellite radio clock, status of 4th January 1995)

[8.2] Kruger, G.; Dr. Springer, R.: Hochprazise Ortung zu Lande, zu Wasser und in der Luft mit GPS und DGPS (Using GPS and DGPS for high-precision location finding on land,at sea and in the air) Neues von Rohde & Schwarz No. 140 (1993), pp 26 and 27

[8.3] Stark, A.: Untersuchung der unterschiedlichen Laufzeitverzogerung bei Programmzufuhrung zu DAB-Sendern via Satellit (Investigation of diffe­rent delays in programme feeds to DAB transmitters via satellite) Rohde & Schwarz-Study of 6.8.1992, in collaboration with P. Dambacher

[8-4] Steffens, J.: Synchronisation der DAB-Sender im Gleichwellennetz (Syn­chronisation of the DAB transmitters in a single-frequency network) Rohde & Schwarz Working paper of 23.1.1995, in collaboration with P. Dambacher

[9.1] Wanierke, 0.: Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Kanalimpulsantwort von Mo­bilfunkkanalen (Methods for finding the channel impulse response of

228 12 List of References and Sources

mobile radio channels) Diploma paper Nov. 1992, Friedrich-Schiller-Uni­versitat Jena, Physical-Astronomical Faculty Location: Rohde & Schwarz Academic support: Prof. Dr. sc. nat. habil. M. Schubert Dr. Sc. nat. G. Sche­ler at Rohde & Schwarz: Dipl.-Ing. P. Riedel, Dipl.-Ing. D. Bues

[9.2] Pereira N., J.P.: I1Q-Demodulator fUr kiinftige DVB-Signale als Zusatz flir einen MeBempfanger (I1Q demodulator for future DVB signals as adapter for a test receiver) Diploma paper, Munich Technical College, Electrical Engineering Dept., Academic support: Prof. Mausl Location: Rohde & Schwarz; In-house support: Dipl.-Ing. J. Wolf, Abgabe: 14.8.1993

[9.3] Bellow, P.A.: Characterization of Randomly Time-Variant Linear Channels lEE Trans. Commun. Syst., Vol. CS-u, pp. 360-393, December 1963

[9.4] Hermann, S.; Martin, U.; Reng, R; Schu:Bler, H. W.; Schwarz, K.: Ein System flir Ausbreitungsmessungen in MobilfunkkanaIen Grundlagen und Real­isierung (Principles and implementation of a system for propagation measurements in mobile radio channels), Kleinheubacher Berichte No. 34 (1991), pp 615-624

[9.5] Plagge, W.; Poppen, D.: Neues Verfahren zur Messung der KanalstoBant­wort und Tragersynchronisation in digitalen MobilfunkkanaIen Frequenz Nr. 44 (1990), S. 217-221

[9.6] Riedel, P.; Vahldiek, D.: Fundamentals of signal propagation in mobile ra­dio and measurement of CIR (channel impulse response) Rohde & Schwarz Application Note lCMAN17E,1O.94

[9.7] Riedel, P.: Messung der Kanal-Impuls-Antwort im GSM-Funknetz mit TS9955 (Using the TS9955 for measuring the channel impulse response in the GSM radio network) Neues von Rohde & Schwarz No. 137 (1992), pp 12-14

[9.8] Kadel G.; Lorenz, R.W.: Breitbandige Ausbreitungsmessung zur Charak­terisierung des Funkkanals beim GSM-System (Broadband propagation measurement for characterizing the radio channel in the GSM system) Fre­quenz No. 45 (1991), pp 158-163

[9.9] Riedel, P.; Wanierke, 0.: Messungen in DAB-Netz (Measurements in the DAB network) Impulse Response Analyzer PCS Applikationsschrift Roh­de & Schwarz

[9.10] Maier, J.: Digital Audio Broadcasting - Ausbreitungsmessungen mit Ver­sorgungsmeBsystem TS9954/55-DAB (Using the TS9954/55-DAB coverage test system for DAB propagation measurements) Neues von Rohde & Schwarz No. 147 (1995), P 25

[9.u] Bues, D.; Stegmaier, J.; Vahldiek, D.: Industrial Controller PSM; Automa­tisch Messen und Steuern in Fabrik und Labor (Automatic testing and con­trolling in plants and laboratories) Neues von Rohde & Schwarz No. 146 (1994), pp 19-21

[9.12] Riedel, P.; Stumpf, M.; Wanierke, 0.: Verfahren zum Bestimmen der komplexen Impulsantwort eines Funkkanals (Methods for determining the complex impuls response of a radio channel), Patent Specification P 4135953.4 (1279-P), Rohde & Schwarz, 1991

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[9.13] Wanierke, 0.: Berechnung des selektiven C/I-Wertes und der Rohbit­fehlerrate ( Calculation of the selective CII value and the raw bit error rate) Contribution to the PCS-Manual1040.9170.00, Section 10

[9.14] Riedel, P.: Bestimmung der Impuls-Antwort mit dem Response Analyzer PCS (Using the PCS Response Analyzer fro determining the impulse re­sponse) Neues von Rohde & Scharz No. 139 (1992), pp 10-12

[10.1] Lauterjung, J.: Stichpunkte zum Thema: Argumente fUr Digitales Ter­restrisches Fernsehen (Key points on the subject of''Arguments in favour of digital terrestrial television") ADTTVOl.DOC of 2.5.1994 Rohde & Schwarz development, in collaboration with P. Dambacher

[10.2] Hepper, D.: Digitale terrestrische HDTV-Obertragung - Probleme und Losungen Manuskript zum Vortrag auf der 15. Jahrestangung der FKTG in Berlin vom 1-5 Juni 1992

[10.3] NN: LCD-Farbfernsehgerate (LCD Colour TV sets) Funkschau 1811992, pp 13-22

[10.4] Kleine Ertkamp, S.: Szenarioanalyse der Verbreitung von Fernsehpro­grammen fiber Terrestrik, Satellit und BK-Netz in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland bis ins Jahr 2000 (Analysis of the scenario of the distribu­tion of TV programmes through terrestrial, satellite and broadband cable channels in Germany up to the year 2000) Presentation of the Study at Rohde & Schwarz of 2.9.94 als the result of the Diploma paper in Gen­eral Economics at the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences of Cologne University sponsored by Rohde & Schwarz, Broadcasting and Television Engineering Dept., Dept. head P. Dambacher Support: Nies, J. Subject set by: Univ. Prof. Dr. Gfinter Sieben

[10.5] Birkill, S;: Transponder Watch, Datafile Cable and Satellite, May 1993, p. 76 [10.6] Nies,J.: Trend bei Terrestrik, Kabel, Satellit (Trends in terre.strial, cable and

satellite transmission) In-house contribution 15-11.94 [10.7] Kays, R.: Kanakodierung und Modulation fUr die digitale Fernsehfiber­

tragung (Channel coding and modulation for digital TV transmission) Fernseh- und Kino-Technik Vol. 48. No. 311994, pp 109-113

[10.8] Biedermann,M.: EinfUgung eines digitalen TV-Signals in den UHF-Kanal (Insertion of a digital TV signal into the UHF channel) Conversation with P. Dambacher at the ITG Mannheim 17.5.95

[10.9] NN: DSI 2nd Phase 29.7 - 960 MHz Terms of Reference DVB TM (Gene­va, 01.95) temp2 European Radiocommunications

[lO.lO]NN: Terrestrial DVB Frequency Planning DVB-TM 1207/1208, 3.3.941 14.3.94 (DVB TCM 36) Special Rapporteurs Group report Part 1 and 2

13 List of Abbreviations and Formula Symbols

ABC ACI ACTS Adr ADSL AFC AGC APL ARB ASCII ASPEC ATM ATTC AWGN

BMFT

B-ISDN BB BCCH BCN BER BSS

CII CATV CAZAC CCETT

CCI CCIR CCIT

CET,CEST

Annular Beam Control (in connection with Klystrons) Adjacent Channel Interference Advanced Communication Technology and Services ASTRA Digital Radio Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line Automatic Frequency Control Automatic Gain Control Average Picture Level Arbitrary Waveform Generator American Standard Code for Information Interchange Adaptive Spectral Perceptual Entropy Coding Asynchronous Transfer Mode Advanced Television Test Center Additive White Gaussian Noise

Bundesministerium ftir Forschung u. Technologie (German Federal Ministry for Research and Technology) Broadband ISDN Baseband signal Broadcast Control Channel (GSM) Broadcast Communication Network Bit Error Rate Broadcast Satellite Service

Carrier over Interferer Cable Authority Television Constant Amplitude Zero Auto Correlation Centre Commune d'Etudes de Telediffusion et Telecommunications Co-Channel Interference Comite Consultatif International de Radiodiffusion International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee (in ITU) Central European Time (Summer Time)

231

232

CIR CMI COM CSR CVBS

D2MAC DAB DAPSK DAVOS DBS DBPTelekom

DBPSK DCF77 DGPS DIB DPCM DQPSK DSI DBS DSBAM DSP DSR DTAG DTTV DVB

EBU EDTV EIRP EPROM ERP ESC ETSI EUTELSAT

FCC FDMA FEC FIR FSS FuBK

13 List of Abbreviations and Formula Symbols

Channel Impulse Response Coded Mark Inversion Circle Optimized Modulation Command Status Register Colour, Video, Blanking, Synch.

Duobinary Multiplexed Analog Components Digital Audio Broadcast Differential Amplitude Phase Shift Keying Digital Audio Video Optisches System Direct Broadcasting Satellite German Federal Post Office Telecom (now: Deutsche Telekom AG - DTAG) Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying Digital Code Frequency 77-5 kHz Differential Global Positioning System Digital Integrated Broadcasting Differential Pulse Code Modulation Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Digital Sound 1 Mbit/s Direct Broadcasting Satellite Double Sideband Amplitude Modulation Digital Signal Processing Digital Satellite Radio Deutsche Telekom AG Digital Terrestrial TV Digital Video Broadcasting

European Broadcasting Union Enhanced Definition TV Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory Equivalent Radiated Power Energy Saving Collector European Telecommunication Standardisation Institute European Telecommunications Satellite Organization

Federal Communications Commission (US) Frequency Division Multiple Access Forward Error Correction Finite Impulse Response Fixed Satellite Service Funkbetriebskommission (German Radio Services Commission)

13 List of Abbreviations and Formula Symbols

GSM

HBDn HDCT HDMAC HDTV HHI

IBC IBCN IEC IMP lOT IRD IRT ISDN lSI ISO ITU

LCA LDTV LO LPT LSB

MAC MFC MMDS MMM MOSFET MPEG MSDC MUSICAM

Group Special Mobile, Global Standard for Mobile communication

High Density Bipolar - of order n Hybrid Discrete Cosine Transform High Definition Multiplex Analog Components High Definition TV Heinrich-Hertz Institut

International Broadcasting Convention Integrated Broadband Communication Network International Electrotechnical Commission Intermodulation Products Inductive Output Tube Integrated Receiver Decoder Institut (tir Rundfunktechnik Integrated Services Digital Network Intersymbol Interference International Standardization Organization International Telecommunication Union

Logic Cell Array Limited Definition TV Local Oscillator Line Printer Lower Sideband

Multiplex Analog Components Multifunction Card Multipoint Microwave Distribution System Mobile Multi-Media Metal Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistor Motion Picture Expert Group Multi Staged Depressed Collector Masking pattern-adapted Universal Subband Integrated Coding and Multiplexing

NAVSTAR-GPS Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging GPS NICAM Near Instantaneous Companding and Multiplexing NTSC National Television System Committee NVOD Near Video on Demand

OCXO OFDM

Oven Controlled Xtal Oscillator Orthogonal Frequency Division and Multiplexing

233

234

OWG

PAL PAL PCN PDC PES PLD PLL POM PRBS

QEF

RISC RMS RS

SAW SCM SCPC SDTV SECAM SES SFN SIS SMATV SMR SNR

TCH TDC TOM TFP TPS TWTA

UHF USB UTC

VCO VGA VHF

13 List of Abbreviations and Formula Symbols

Optical Waveguide

Phase Alternation Line Programmable Array Logic Personal Communication Network Philips Depressed Collector Packetized Elementary Stream Programmable Logic Device Phase Locked Loop Power Optimized Modulation Pseudo Random Binary Sequence

Quasi Error Free

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Root Mean Square Reed Solomon (Code)

Surface Acoustic Waveform Synchronous Transfer Mode Single Channel per Carrier Standard Definition TV Sequentiel Couleur a Memoire Societe Europeenne des Satellites Single Frequency Network Sound In Sync Satellite Master Antenna Television Signal-to-Mask Ratio Signal-to-Noise Ratio

Traffic Channel (GSM) Transparent Data Channel Time Division Multiplex Time Frequency Phase (Symbol) Transmission Parameter Signalling Travelling Wave Tube Amplifier

Ultra-High Frequency Upper Sideband Universal Time Code

Voltage Controlled Oscillator Video Graphics Adapter Very-High Frequency

13 List of Abbreviations and Formula Symbols

VITS VOD VPS VSB VSWR

WARC

A B d E fj fk fN Fs H(f) I 1m K N P p Q R r Re T TF To Ts Tu W

a 11 M <p T

(x)

Vertical Insertion Test Signals Video on Demand Video-Programme-System Vestigial Sideband Voltage Standing Wave Ratio

World Administrative Communication Conference

Amplitude Bandwidth Transmitter spacing Voltage Carrier frequency i Carrier frequency k Nyquist frequency Sampling frequency Transfer function In-phase component Imaginary part (TV) channel Number of OFDM carriers Power Percentage Quadrature component Code rate Roll-off factor Real part Period of the time element Period of a frame Duration of a period Total symbol period Active symbol period Weighting factor

Impulse response correction factor Period of the guard interval Frequency spacing Phase Propagation delay Angular frequency

235

14 Index

A ASTRA 191 16PSK 98 21-MHz carrier 13 2kFFT 11 2T 2 4:2:2 component standard 3 4PSK 40,98 64MR-QAM 70 8 VSB modulation 5 8kFFT 10 8PSK 98 8PSK/zAM modulation 98 AID conversion AID converter 30, 40, 94 ABC 25,231 ABC control 25,231 absorption power meter 216 ACATS 4 ACI70 ACTS 231 AD-HDTV 4 adjacent channel interference (ACI) 70,231 ADR 191 - method 18 ADSL 47,198,207,231 advanced digital HDTV 4 AFC 231 AGC 231 - amplifier 167 aliasing 138 aliasing filter 106 amplitude modulation 142 antenna technology 40 APL 26,231 ARB 136,215,231 arbitrary waveform generator (ARB) 136,215 ASCII 231 - character 22 - code 22 ASPEC 56,231

- series 16 AT computer 142 ATM 14,231 - network 57,199 - switching arrangement 14 ATTC 4,231 ATV quality j audio coding 52 automatic frequency control (AFC) 70 availability 200 AWGN 231 - channel 70

B B-ISDN 231 background BER 146 backoff 123 baseband coding 85,211 baseband level 153 baseband signal (BB) 71,231 BB 231 BCCH 231 BCN 196,231 BER 117,144,231 BERKOM 15 best case scenario 209 bit bus 27 bit error rate 113 bit alignment 68 block matching 49 BMFT 7 boolean decision 110 boosted pilot 69 boosted power level 77 broadband cable 3,193 broadband network 222 broadcasting 44 BSS 87,231

237

C CIA code 156 C/I 231

- value 218,229 C/N 18,98 cable head station 96 calculation of metric 89 carrier/interferer ratio (CII) 180 CATV 14,231 CAZAC 231 CAZAC/M 69, 142, 231 CCETT 6,231 CCI 70,231 CCIR 35,231 CCITT 231 CD ROM 185 CEST 158,231 CET 158,231 channel coding 58,76,212,224,229 channel-compatible DigiCipher HDTV 4 channel impulse response (CIR) 165,181 channel model 164 Channel Sounder system 162 chrominance value 47 CIR 207,231 - analyzer 181 circle optimized modulation (COM) 108 class A amplifier 126 class AB amplifier 125,127 CMI 232 - code 13 codec process 92 coded mark inversion (CMI) 13 code rate 73 code rates 73, 89 coherent quadrature demodulation 88 colour, video, blanking, synch (CVBS) 232 COM 108 complex spectrum 176 constant-amplitude OFDM 225 constellation 76, 214 container principle 82,196 container technique 196 continual pilot carrier 77 conversion technique 95 convolutional deinterleaver 89 convolutional FEC 18 co-positioning 191 correction 126, 131, 153 correlation principle 171 coverage measuring technique 212 crest factor 94,121,150,107,218 crystal 156 CVBS 232

CVBS signal 14, 17, 22 CW pilot frequency 5

D D2MAC 2,232 D2MAC/packet 6 DAB 6,164,227,232 DAPSK 6,69,232 data reduction 211 data line technique 21 data stream 108 DAVOS 14,232 DBPSK 70,232 DBS 15,232 DCF77 158,217,232 DCT 49 decision circles 98 delay correction 131 DGPS 232 diacrode 29,125 DIAMOND 9 DIB 3,232 differential binary PSK (DBPSK) 70 differential GPS 156 DigiCipher 4 DIGIT 2000 3

14 Index

digital audio broadcasting (DAB) 6,196 digital filter 95 Digital Integrated Broadcasting (DIB) 3 digital signal processor (DSP) 1 digital spectrum compatible HDTV 4 dipole 41 Dirac impulse 163 directional array 41 discrete cosine transform 49 displacement vector 49 distortion factor 38 Dolby AC3 audio coding 5 Doppler frequency 216 double sideband AM modulator 64 DPCM 48,232 - method 48 DQPSK 232 DSI 232 - coder 96 DS2 data channel 96 DSP 1 - technology 153 DSR 103,225,232 - method 96 DSRpius 96 DTAG 14 dTTb 7

14 Index

dual-sound carrier method 2,37 Duobinary Multiplexed Analog Components (D2MAC) 2 DVB front end 133 DVB test signal 142 DVB test symbol 207 DVB-T receiver 79 DVB-T transmitter 79 DVB test symbol 207

E Eaton Noise Gain Analyzer 168 echo sensitivity 100 EDTV 81,232 efficiency 131 EIRP 232 energy dispersal 59,70 envelope 149 EPROM 108,232 ERP 44, l23, 232 error count 144 error-free sounds 144 error vector magnitude 148 ESC 232 ETSI 9,10 Eurocrypt standard 7 European DVB Project 1,5,10 Eutelsat 16 EXCEL 187

F fading 141,164,187 far-off selectivity l25 fast Fourier transform (FFT) 62 FCC 3 FDMA 87,232 FEC 18,85,98,145,232 - coder 8 - technique 85 feed forward technique 131 FFT 62 - processor 108,182 field strength measurement 166 FIFO shift register 72 FIFO store 181 FIFO storage chains 94 FIR 107 - processor 108 firmware 91 Fletcher-Munson curves 53 floating network 158 floppy disk 185

FM technique 93 Forney method 59 Fourier coefficient 62 Fourier transform 176 frame error 145 frames 142, 206 FSS 232 FuBK 20

G gap filler 66,201. 202 Gaussian channel 78 Gaussian bell-shaped curve 179 generic code 8 Global Positioning System (GPS) 79 GPS 79,181 graceful degradation 198,214 Gray-coded OPSK modulation 86 gross bit rate 59 GSM 228 - mobile radio network 162 guard band 44 guard interval 60

H hard decision BER 85 HD Divine 5 HD-MAC 2

HDBn 13 - code 9 HDCT 6,50,232 HDTV 1,47,81,196,218,233 HDTV-T 8 hierarchical coding 212 hierarchical structure 199 high density bipolar (HDB) code 13 Hot Bird series 16 hybrid DCT (HDCT) 6,50 hybrid network structure 205 hyperband 199

I I/O balance 138 I/O demodulator 166,168,228 I/O modulator 62,64,105,106,135,215 IBC 233 IBCN 197,233 IEC 30,233 - bus 27, 133, 142 IFFT 62,108 - processor 105

239

240

1M 150 image coding 223 IMP 125,150,233 impulse response 175 - analyzer 229 in-band 1M product 150 information compression 81 inner code 73 inner interleaver 74 input impedance 42 integrated receiver/decoder (IRD) 197 intercarrier 40 - noise 38 interchannel crosstalk 38 interferer power 179 intermodulation 38 intersymbol interference (lSI) 183, 207 intraframe coding 50 inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) 62,108 lOT 28,125,126 IRD 197 irrelevance 52 - reduction 48 ISDN 233 lSI 233 ISO 50 ISO/MPEG 11

J Joint Stereo Coding 57 junction temperature 26

K klystrode 28 klystron 120 KOPERNIKUS 96

L label 24 LCA 61,233 LDTV 81,233 level 51 Lissajous figure 153 LNC 192 LO 153 local oscillator (LO) 153 logic cell array (LCA) 61,233 look-up table 110

low noise converter (LNC) 192 low-pass Bessel filter 170 low priority data stream 76

LQ 233 luminance value 47

M MAC 233 magnetic tape recording (MTR) 50 man-made noise 202 margin of the BER 153 MAS CAM 53,223 masking effect 52 masking pattern 53 matched filters 171 matrix multiplication 171 meanERP 108 measuring time 146

14 Index

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) 10 microcomputer 35 MMDS 47,207,233 MMM 78,224,233 mobile multimedia 78 mobile radio 197 mobile reception 79 mobile test receiver 184 mode identification 39 modulation points 98,108 modulator unbalancing 148 monitoring symbol 218 monitoring system 35 monocarrier method 59 morphology 43 MOS technology 120 MOS transistor 29 motion compensating coding 48 MoU 10 MPEG-2 5,51

- transport stream 135 MR-QAM 110

MSDC 233 MTR 50 multicarrier 147,150 multi-carrier packet 108 multi-carrier signal 9,147 multimedia VI, 194 multi-resolution QAM (MR-QAM) 110

MUSE 2

MUSICAM 6,53,223,233

N Narrow Muse 4 NAVSTAR GPS 156,233 NF 168 NICAM 2,19,20,40,82,233

14 Index

noise figure (NF) 168 nomogram 45 nonlinearities 148 nonuniform MR-QAM 75 NRZ coding 22 NTSC 3,233 NVOD 233

o OCXO 156 ODM 214 OFDM 6,47,59,224,233 - amplifier 120 -method 59 - multicarriers 182 -power 120 - power meter 149 - signals 135, 165 - spectrum 163 - symbol 59,175, 182 optimized digital modulation (ODM) 214 orthogonal arrangement 61 outer interleaver 72 oversampling filter 107 OWG transmission medium 14, 234

P PAL 1,17,19,234 PAL I standard 10 PALplus 3 parabolic antenna 15 pattern diagram 108, 147 pay-per-view 195 payload 59 PCN 234 - mobile radio network 163 PDC 234 peak sync value 120 peak value 150 PES 58,234 pilot 157,182 - trial 83,158 pixel 49 planning of coverage 40 polarisation 41 polygonal course 126 POM 108 power costs 131 power density spectrum 178 power gain 42 power meter 149 power optimized modulation (POM) 108

power value 114 precision offset 27 premasking 53 PRBS 59,234 precorrection 79,126,150,152 - circuit 123 probability density function 179,180 process controller 30 processor 105 profile 51 program stream 224 pseudo-video signal 94 psychooptics 1 push-pull class-AB amplifier 123 push-pull mode 26

Q QAM 69,75,117,118,119 QEF 85,234 - quality 85 QPSK 97,178

241

quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) 75 quadrature mirror filter 53 quality of modulation 148

R radio channel 61, 175 Raleigh channel 78,90,196 - fading 7 Ramsey Type III 59 rated CW power 120, 121 raw BER 145, 178 raw bit error rate 145,178 read frequency 137 redundancy 52 - reduction 48 Reed Solomon (RS) coding 59,71 reference frequency 157 reference symbol 108, 182 refiectometer 150 RGB component signal 17 Ricean channel 78 RISC 174,234 - processor 181 RMS 234 - level measurement 166 - value 114, 133, 166 RS 234 RS232C interface 22 RS485 27 RSBAM 18 rubidium oscillator 158,217

242

S SIN degradation 97 samples 49 sampling clock 181 sampling frequency 94 satellite distribution 212 satellite EIRP 87 SAW 234 - filter 106,134 scalability 51 scale factor 53 scattered pilot cell 77 SCPC 90, 102, 234 - technique 90,102 scrambling technique 196 S curve of technology 45 SDTV 66,81,234 SECAM 1, 17, 234 secondary distribution 57 selective C/I value 164,179,212 SES 16 set-top box 45,197 SFN 59,196 Sharp 106, 107 signal processor 105 simulation program 114 simulcast operation 10 simulcast channel 5 simultaneous broadcasting 60,218 single-ended class-A amplifier 123 single-frequency mode 212 single-frequency (SFN) network 59,196 sinxlx function 61 SIS 2,234 SMATV 234 SNR 234 - scalable profile 52 soft decision decoder 213 solid state 120 source coding 196 spatially scalable profile 51,52 Spectre 9 spectrum 153,178 - mask 153 split carrier TV transmitter 19 sporadic E propagation 201

spurious modulation 147 step length 108 stereo crosstalk 38 Sterne 6 STM 13,234 - principle 15 superframe 182 superposition method 110

surround sound 57 switched broadband network 14 synch error 145

14 Index

synchronous transfer mode (STM) 13 synthesizer 157

T taboo channels 3,196 TCH 234 TDC 234 TDM 86,234 television data line 2

television test line 1

television transmitter 24 terrestrial transmission 3 test line technique 35 test receiver 144, 184 tetrode 25,215 TFP 234 three-layer coding 119 time dependence 183 time division multiplex (TDM) 86,211 topography 443,200 TPS 69,234 - carrier 182 training sequence 174 transform coding 49 transformation length 94 transmitter test engineering 212 transponder 82 - channel 18 transport multiplex 67,71,92 transport stream 157,213,224 - packet 58 travelling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) 15,101 Travel Pilot 185 TTL 30 TV transmitting systems 222 TV front end 24 TWTA 15,101,234

U UHF 234 unequal error protection 98 universal time code (UTC) 156 uplink 86,89,213 UTC 234 - time 156

V vacuum technology 28

14 Index

VCO 234 VCR 23 vector analysis 147 vertical insertion test signal (VITS) 2,16,22 VGA 234 - graphics 194 VHF 234 video on demand (VOD) 195 Video Program System (VPS) 2,213 video coder 48 Vidinet 8 Viterbi algorithm 88 Viterbi decoder 89,92 Viterbi soft decision 91 VITS 1, 2, 16, 22, 235 VOD 195,235 VPS 213,235

VSB 235 VSB4PSK 7 VSWR 235 - bridge 150 VTR 2,23 vtx 1,17

W WARC 15 watchman 200 weighting 110 Wilkinson coupler 26

Z zero symbol 182

243