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Emerging Trends & Balance Testing
12 December 2012
Emerging Trends - Aircraft Weight & Balance Testing
Author 1: Shubham Joshi, Business AnalystAuthor 2: Varun Kukreti, Sr. Test Engineer
• Overview of Weight & Balance
• Criticality of Load Planning
Agenda
• Criticality of Load Planning
• QA Challenges
• Case Study
• Weight & Balance Testing
• Conclusion
© InterGlobe Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2011. Confidential: Not for Distribution. www.igt.in
Weight and Balance of AircraftWeight and Balance of Aircraft
© InterGlobe Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2011. Confidential: Not for Distribution. www.igt.in
Overview of Weight & Balance
Weight and Balance refers to weight and optimum way
the weight is balanced.
Few of the weights in reference to aircraft are:-
1
Weight and Balance
reference to aircraft are:-� Aircraft Weight
� Pantry Weight
� Fuel Weight
� Passenger Weight
� Passenger Baggage Weight
� Deadloads (Mail, Cargo)
3
Overview of Weight & Balance
Weight & Balance of aircraft
refers to the amount of weight
an aircraft carries and the way this weight is balanced in an
optimum way.
And there are many other weights which are
2
© InterGlobe Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2011. Confidential: Not for Distribution. www.igt.in
other weights which are considered during the
planning activity for
aircraft.
4
Importance of Weight & Balance
Balancing of an object is very important and when
it comes to Aircraft it bears more importance
as there is safety of
passengers at stake.
Improper balancing of load in aircraft can lead to:� Safety at stake
� Uncontrollable aircraft� Maneuverability
� Controllability� More fuel consumption
� Broken landing gears
Overview of Weight & Balance
passengers at stake. � Broken landing gears� Longer take off length
Importance of Weight & Balance
Improper balancing of load in aircraft can lead to:-Safety at stake
Uncontrollable aircraftManeuverabilityControllability
More fuel consumption
Broken landing gears
Overview of Weight & Balance
© InterGlobe Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2011. Confidential: Not for Distribution. www.igt.in
Broken landing gearsLonger take off length
Centre of Gravity
Overview of Weight & Balance
� The CG is the point at which the
total weight of the aircraft is assumed to
be concentrated
� CG must be located within specific
limits for safe flight.
� Balance control refers to the location
of the CG of an
Overview of Weight & Balance
© InterGlobe Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2011. Confidential: Not for Distribution. www.igt.in
of the CG of an
aircraft.Centre of gravity keeps changing as and when
the load is placed across the line.
Change in shift of CoGis seen when different
weight is places on one side of the beam.
Weights in Aircraft
Overview of Weight & BalanceOverview of Weight & Balance
© InterGlobe Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2011. Confidential: Not for Distribution. www.igt.in
Criticality of Load PlanningCriticality of Load Planning
© InterGlobe Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2011. Confidential: Not for Distribution. www.igt.in© InterGlobe Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2011. Confidential: Not for Distribution. www.igt.in
Result of Improper Load Planning
Picture shows imbalance during the unloading of the aircraft which
resulted in the tail heavy of the airplane. The aircraft was damaged
which resulted in the delay and penalty to the handling staff along
with the repair cost. Aircraft repair is not so easy because when the
aircraft parts are changed, the engineers need to provide the AHM
again
the affected/change area. The changes are then approved and
accepted by the General of Civil Aviations post which the aircraft is
ready for flights.
In this case, improper load planning resulted in the nose heavy of In this case, improper load planning resulted in the nose heavy of
the aircraft. Excessive load was placed in the front area of the
belly of the aircraft which made the plane fall from nose,
damaging the aircraft. This shows that not only aircraft balancing
is required for the safe journey but load balancing is also to be
taken care of while removing the loads from the aircraft.
Result of Improper Load Planning
Picture shows imbalance during the unloading of the aircraft which
resulted in the tail heavy of the airplane. The aircraft was damaged
which resulted in the delay and penalty to the handling staff along
with the repair cost. Aircraft repair is not so easy because when the
aircraft parts are changed, the engineers need to provide the AHM
in with the changed/updated indexes of the complete aircraft and
the affected/change area. The changes are then approved and
accepted by the General of Civil Aviations post which the aircraft is
ready for flights.
© InterGlobe Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2011. Confidential: Not for Distribution. www.igt.in
In this case, extensive load is placed in the tail area of the plane.
During the take off when pilot applied stab to uplift the airplane,
there is a huge imbalance due to heavy load placed at the rear
which resulted in the tail heavy of the aircraft and broken landing
gears leading to failure in the take off. Passenger safety was at
stake during this period as chances for fire and explosion were
seen.