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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SINGAPOREin collaboration withUNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATEGeneral Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

*2 627 37 3 5 87*

CANDIDATENAME

CENTRENUMBER

INDEXNUMBERS

CHEMISTRY 5074/02Paper 2 October/November 2014

1 hour 45 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, index number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Section A

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Section BAnswer all three questions, the last question is in the form either/or.Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24.

The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

This document consists of 23 printed pages and 1 blank page.

UCLES & MOE 2014 DC (NF/CGW) 102634 [Turn over

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Section A

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided. The total mark for this section is 50.

A1 The following compounds are used in manufacturing chemicals for agriculture.

A K3PO 4

B H2SO 4

C NH3

D Ca(OH) 2

E NH4NO 3

Use the letters A, B, C, D and E to answer the following questions.

(a) Which solid compound is added to soil to increase the pH?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Two raw materials are used to make a compound. One of the raw materials is made by cracking hydrocarbons. The other raw material is obtained by fractional distillation of air.

Which compound is manufactured from these two raw materials?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) (i) Which two compounds can be reacted together to form an ammonium salt?

.......................................................... and ........................................................... [1]

(ii) Give the formula of the salt.

..............................................................................................................................[1]

(d) NPK fertilisers are solid fertilisers that contain compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium.

Which two compounds could be mixed to produce an NPK fertiliser?

............................................................... and ................................. ............................. [1]

[Total: 5]

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A2 Chromium can be used as a protective metal for both steel and pure iron.

(a) Stainless steel is an alloy of iron which contains approximately 20% chromium mixedwith iron and some small amounts of other metals.

(i) The diagram shows the arrangement of atoms in stainless steel.

Stainless steel is much harder than pure iron.

Use ideas about the arrangement of atoms in stainless steel to explain why.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[2]

The chromium in the stainless steel reacts with oxygen in the air to form chromiumoxide. The chromium oxide forms a layer on the surface of the stainless steel. This layerstops the iron in the stainless steel from rusting.

(ii) The formula for chromium oxide is Cr 2O3.

What is the formula for the chromium ion?

..............................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Suggest how the layer of chromium oxide stops the iron in the stainless steel fromrusting.

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Door handles and trims on some cars are made from iron coated with chromium. Chromium is a more reactive metal than iron.

(i) If the chromium coating is scratched, would you expect the iron underneath to rust?

Explain your answer.

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Suggest a method that could be used to apply the chromium coating to the iron.

..............................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 6]

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A3 The diagrams show the structures of some polymers, A, B, C and D.

CH CH

CH 2

CH 2

CH 2

CH 2

CH 2

C

O

C CH 2O O

n

OA

CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2C

O

C CH 2O O

n

OC

(CH 2)6 (CH 2)4N

H

N

H

C

n

O

C

OB

C

H

H

C

H

H n

D

(a) What is the name of the group that links the monomers together in both A and C?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Name D.

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Draw the structures of the monomers that react to form C.

[2]

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(d) A , B, C and D include examples of polymers made by both addition and condensationpolymerisation reactions.

Describe three differences between addition and condensation polymerisationreactions.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[3]

(e) A sample of D contains molecules with an average relative molecular mass of 2800.

How many carbon atoms are there in an average molecule of the polymer?

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

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A4 The alcohols are a homologous series.

The table shows some data about the enthalpy change when 1 mol or 1 g of each alcohol arecompletely combusted.

name ofalcohol formula enthalpy change ofcombustion (kJ / mol) enthalpy change ofcombustion (kJ / g)

methanol CH 3OH 715 22.3

ethanol C 2H5OH 1371 29.8

propanol C 3H7OH 2010

butanol C 4H9OH 2673 36.1

(a) Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion when 1 g of propanol burns.

Show your working.

[2]

(b) Use ideas about breaking and forming bonds to explain why all of the values in the tableare negative.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[3]

(c) The enthalpy change of combustion in kJ / mol increases from methanol to butanol.

Suggest a reason why.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(d) One characteristic of a homologous series is that properties show a trend.

Describe the trends you would expect for three properties of the alcohols as themolecules increase in size. Enthalpy change of combustion must not be one of theproperties you choose.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(e) Dimethylether is an isomer of ethanol.

CH

H

H

ethanol

C O H

H

H

CH

H

H

dimethylether

O C H

H

H

The enthalpy changes of combustion for ethanol and dimethylether are different.

isomer ethanolC2H5OH

dimethyletherCH 3OCH 3

enthalpy change of combustion(kJ / mol)

1371 1460

(i) The same products are formed when both isomers are completely combusted.

Write equations to show the complete combustion of ethanol and dimethylether.

[2]

(ii) Suggest why the enthalpy changes of combustion for the two isomers are different.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 12]

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A5 A student investigates the amount of copper that forms on the negative electrode during theelectrolysis of aqueous copper( II ) sulfate.

The student uses this apparatus.

carbon electrodes

+

aqueouscopper( II ) sulfate

(a) Write equations for the reactions that happen at each electrode during the electrolysis.Include state symbols.

At the positive electrode:

At the negative electrode:

[3]

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(b) The student measures the mass of the negative electrode at the start.

He allows the electrolysis to continue for 10 minutes.

He dries the electrode, reweighs it and then replaces the electrode to allow theelectrolysis to continue for a further 10 minutes.

He repeats this process until the mass of the electrode does not change.

The table shows his results.

total time / min

mass of electrode / g

0 3.50

10 3.91

20 4.1530 4.78

40 5.21

50 5.61

60 6.10

70 6.10

80 6.10

(i) What general pattern is shown by the results?

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The student makes an error in recording one of the mass readings.

Which result is most likely to be an error? Explain your reasoning.

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) Suggest why the mass does not change after 60 minutes.

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[1]

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(c) The student repeats the experiment.

This time he uses copper electrodes.

How would you expect his results for this experiment to differ from his first experiment? Explain your reasoning.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[3]

[Total: 10]

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(d) In another process, hexane is passed over a heated catalyst and many products canform.

Two of the possible products are shown below.

CH

H

H

hexane

product 1

C

CHH

H H

H H

C

C

CH

H

C HH

C H

H

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

product 2

CH

H

H

H

C

C

H

C

H

H

C

C

H H

H H

H

H

H

Are products 1 and 2 isomers of hexane?

Explain your reasoning.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 9]

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BLANK PAGE

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Section B

Answer all three questions in this section.

The last question is in the form of an either/or and only one of the alternatives should be attempted.

B7 pH changes during a titration

A pH meter and a data logger are used to monitor the pH changes during a series of titrations.

In each titration, 0.1 mol / dm 3 sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is added from a burette into a solution of adifferent dilute acid.

During the titrations the pH does not change smoothly.

The data logger gives a graph for each titration.

titration 1:

00 10 20

volume of NaOH in cm 330 40

2

4

6

8pH

10

12

14

there is a definitestep in the pHchange

0.1 mol/dm 3 sodium hydroxideadded to 20.0 cm 3 0.1 mol/dm 3 hydrochloric acid (HC l )

titration 2:

00 10 20


2

4

6

8pH

10

12

14

0.1 mol/dm 3 sodium hydroxideadded to 20.0 cm 3 0.1 mol/dm 3 ethanoic acid (CH 3COOH)

Ethanoic acid is a weak acid.The shape of the graph isdifferent from titration 1 .

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titration 3:

00 10 20


2

4

68pH

10

12

14

0.1 mol/dm 3 sodium hydroxideadded to 20.0 cm 3 of an unknownconcentration of dilute sulfuric

acid (H 2SO 4)Sulfuric acid is a strong acid. Theionisation of sulfuric acid can beshown by two equations.

1. H 2SO 4 H+ + HSO 4

2. HSO 4 H+ + SO 4

2

H2SO 4 and HSO 4 are both strong acids. Therefore they are both neutralised at the same point

in the titration, which means that there is still only a single step on the graph.

titration 4:

00 10 20


2

4

6

8pH

10

12

14

at step 1 only one hydrogen ionfrom H 3PO 4 has reacted. H 2PO 4

isformed.

at step 2 anotherhydrogen ion hasreacted to form HPO 4

2

0.1 mol/dm 3 sodiumhydroxide added to20.0 cm 3 of anunknownconcentration ofdilute phosphoricacid (H 3PO 4)

The graph forphosphoric acidhas two steps.

There appear to be three hydrogen atoms in phosphoric acid that may ionise. In practice, only thefirst two hydrogen atoms form ions. At the end of the titration, HPO 4

2 ions are left.

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Endpoints and indicators

An indicator can also be used to see when a step happens in the pH change.

The endpoint of each titration happens when the indicator changes colour.

The diagram shows the colours of some indicators at different pH values. In between the colours,most indicators change colour gradually over a range of pH values.

10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314pH

methyl orange red yellow

red blue

phenolphthalein

key

gradual colour change

colourless pink

litmus

The best indicator for a titration gives a distinct colour change when a step occurs.

For a titration between a strong acid and a strong alkali, every indicator in the diagram would givean accurate titration volume.

(a) The information does not give the concentration of sulfuric acid used in titration 3 .

What is the concentration? Explain your reasoning in words or by means of a calculation.

Concentration ................................. .. mol / dm 3

Reasoning ........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid; ethanoic acid is a weak acid.

(i) What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[1]

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(ii) Identify two differences between the pH graphs for titration 1 and titration 2 .

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[2]

(c) (i) Write equations to show how phosphoric acid produces the hydrogen ions involvedin the two steps on the pH graph in titration 4 .

step 1

step 2

[2]

(ii) Give the formula for the salt formed at the end of titration 4 .

................................................. [1]

(d) (i) Explain why any of the indicators in the diagram can be used to give an accuratetitration volume when strong acids are titrated with dilute sodium hydroxide.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Explain why methyl orange would not be suitable to use when titrating ethanoicacid with dilute sodium hydroxide.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Suggest the best indicator to use when titrating ethanoic acid with dilute sodiumhydroxide.

..............................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 12]

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B8 Diamond and graphite have some similarities and some differences between their bondingand structures.

(a) Describe the similarities and differences between the bonding and structures indiamond and graphite.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[4]

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(b) When graphite is heated in air, it reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide.

The table shows some differences between the properties of graphite and carbon dioxide.

graphite carbon dioxide

melting point andboiling point

both above 3000 C both below 0 C

solubility in water insoluble dissolves to form anacidic solution

electrical conductivity good does not conduct

Explain why graphite and carbon dioxide have different properties.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

[Total: 8]

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EITHER

B9 Phosphorus tribromide, PBr 3, is a covalently bonded compound.

It is used as a catalyst for making chemical compounds for medicines.

It has to be handled and stored carefully because it is very toxic and it reacts very vigorouslywith water.

(a) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in phosphorus tribromide.

Show outer electrons only.

[2]

(b) When phosphorus tribromide reacts with water, it forms phosphorous acid, H 3PO 3, andhydrogen bromide, HBr.

Write a balanced equation for this reaction.

[1]

(c) One way of making phosphorus tribromide is to react phosphorus with bromine.

2P + 3Br 2 2PBr 3

(i) Bromine has an oxidation state of 1 in phosphorus tribromide.

How does the oxidation state of phosphorus change during the reaction? ..............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Calculate the mass of bromine that reacts to make 54.2 g of phosphorus tribromide.

[3]

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(d) Chlorine also reacts with phosphorus.

2P + 3C l 2 2PC l 3

(i) When the same number of moles of phosphorus is reacted with both bromine andchlorine, the rates for the two reactions are different.

How would you expect the rates to differ?


..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) In practice, when phosphorus reacts with chlorine, the yield of phosphorustrichloride is never 100%.

Suggest a reason why.

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 10]

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OR

B9 The radii of atoms and ions can be measured.

The tables show some information about atomic radii and ionic radii of some Group I andGroup VII elements.

element number of shells ofelectrons in atom

atomic radius / pm

number of shells ofelectrons in +1 ion

ionic radius / pm

lithium 2 152 68

sodium 3 185 98

potassium 4 227 133

element number of shells ofelectrons in atom

atomic radius / pm

number of shells ofelectrons in 1 ion

ionic radius / pm

fluorine 2 71 133

chlorine 3 99 181

bromine 4 115 196

(1 000 000 000 000 pm = 1 m)

(a) Complete the table to show the number of shells of electrons in the ions of Group I andGroup VII elements. [2]

(b) Describe the trend in atomic radii for Group I and use the data to explain this trend.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

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(c) (i) Describe the change in the radius when a lithium atom forms a lithium ion.

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Suggest why the radius of a lithium atom changes in this way when it forms alithium ion.

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Draw diagrams to show the arrangement of electrons in a lithium atom and a lithiumion to support your answer in (ii).

[2]

(d) Strontium is in Group II.

The table below shows the atomic radius of a strontium atom.

element atomic radius / pm

strontium 215

Predict the ionic radius of strontium.


Prediction ............................. pm

Reasoning ........................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Everyreasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, thepublisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge LocalExaminations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

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G r o u p

T h e

P e r

i o d i c T a b

l e o

f t h e

E l e m e n

t s

1 4 0

C e

C e r i u m

5 8

1 4 1

P r

P r a s e o

d y m

i u m

5 9

1 4 4

N d

N e o

d y m

i u m

6 0

P m

P r o m e

t h i u m

6 1

1 5 0 S m

S a m a r

i u m

6 2

1 5 2

E u

E u r o p

i u m

6 3

1 5 7

G d

G a

d o

l i n i u m

6 4

1 5 9

T b

T e r b

i u m

6 5

1 6 2

D y

D y s p r o s

i u m

6 6

1 6 5

H o

H o

l m i u m

6 7

1 6 7

E r

E r b

i u m

6 8

1 6 9

T m

T h u

l i u m

6 9

1 7 3

Y b

Y t t e r b

i u m

7 0

1 7 5

L u

L u

t e t i u m

7 1

2 3 2

T h

T h o r i u m

9 0

P a

P r o

t a c

t i n

i u m

9 1

2 3 8

2 3 1

1 4 7

2 3 7

2 4 4

2 4 3

2 4 7

2 4 7

2 5 1

2 5 2

2 5 7

2 5 8

2 5 9

2 6 0

U U r a n

i u m

9 2

N p

N e p

t u n

i u m

9 3

P u P l u t o n i u m

9 4

A m

A m e r i c i u m

9 5

C m

C u r i u m

9 6

B k

B e r k e

l i u m

9 7

C f

C a

l i f o r n

i u m

9 8

E s

E i n s

t e i n i u m

9 9

F m

F e r m

i u m

1 0 0

M d

M e n

d e

l e v

i u m

1 0 1

N o

N o

b e

l i u m

1 0 2

L r

L a w r e n c

i u m

1 0 3

1 H H y

d r o g e n

1

7 L i

L i t h i u m

2 3 N

a S o

d i u m

1

2 4

M g

M

a g n e s i u m

1 2

4 0 C

a C a

l c i u m

2 0

4 5 S

c S c a n

d i u m

2 1

4 8 T

i T i t a n

i u m

2 2

5 1 V

V a n a

d i u m

2 3

5 2 C

r C h r o m

i u m

2 4

5 5

M n

M a n g a n e s e

2 5

5 6 F

e I r o n

2 6

5 9 C o C o b a l t

2 7

5 9 N

i N i c k e l

2 8

6 4 C

u C o p p e r

2 9

6 5 Z

n Z i n c

3 0

7 0 G

a G a

l l i u m

3 1

2 7 A

l

A l u m

i n i u m

1 3

1 1 B

B o r o n

5

1 2 C

C a r b o n

6

1 4 N

N i t r o g e n

7

1 6 O

O x y g e n

8

1 9 F

F l u o r i n e

9

2 8 S

i S i l i c o n

1 4

3 1 P

P h o s p

h o r u s

1 5

3 2 S

S u

l f u r

1 6

3 5

. 5 C l

C h l o r i n e

1 7

4 0 A

r A r g o n

1 8

2 0 N

e N e o n

1 0

4 H e

H e

l i u m

2

7 3 G

e

G e r m a n

i u m

3 2

7 5 A

s A r s e n

i c

3 3

7 9 S

e S e

l e n

i u m

3 4

8 0 B

r B r o m

i n e

3 5

8 4 K

r K r y p

t o n

3 6

3 9 K

P o

t a s s

i u m

9

8 8 S

r S t r o n

t i u m

3 8

8 9 Y

Y t t r i u m

3 9

9 1 Z

r Z i r c o n

i u m

4 0

9 3 N

b N i o b i u m

4 1

9 6

M o

M o

l y b d e n u m

4 2

T c

T e c

h n e

t i u m

4 3

1 0 1

R u

R u

t h e n

i u m

4 4

1 0 3 R h

R h o

d i u m

4 5

1 0 6

P d

P a

l l a d i u m

4 6

1 0 8

A g

S i l v e r

4 7

1 1 2

C d

C a

d m

i u m

4 8

1 1 5

I n

I n d i u m

4 9

1 1 9

S n

T i n

5 0

1 2 2

S b

A n

t i m o n y

5 1

1 2 8

T e T e l l u r i u m

5 2

1 2 7

I I o d i n e

5 3

1 3 1

X e

X e n o n

5 4

1 3 7

B a

B a r i u m

5 6

1 3 9

L a

L a n

t h a n u m

5 7

*

1 7 8

H f

H a

f n i u m

7 2

1 8 1

T a T a n

t a l u m

7 3

1 8 4 W

T u n g s t e n

7 4

1 8 6

R e

R h e n

i u m

7 5

1 9 0

O s

O s m

i u m

7 6

1 9 2 I r

I r i d i u m

7 7

1 9 5 P

t P l a t i n u m

7 8

1 9 7

A u

G o

l d

7 9

2 0 1

H g

M e r c u r y

8 0

2 0 4 T

l

T

h a

l l i u m

8 1

2 0 7

P b

L e a

d

8 2

2 0 9

2 0 9

2 1 0

2 2 2

B i

B i s m u

t h

8 3

P o

P o

l o n

i u m

8 4

A t

A s t a

t i n e

8 5

R n

R a

d o n

8 6

F r

F r a n c i u m

7

2 2 7

A c

A c t

i n i u m

8 9

9 B e

B e r y

l l i u m

4

I

I I

I I I

I V

V

V I

V I I

0

8 5 R

b R u

b i d i u m

7

1 3 3

C s

C a e s i u m

5

2 2 6

2 2 3

R a

R a

d i u m

8 8 a X b

a = r e

l a t i v e a

t o m

i c m a s s

X = a

t o m

i c s y m

b o

l

b = a

t o m

i c ( p r o

t o n

) n u m

b e r

e y

D A T A S H E E T

5 8

7 1 L a n

t h a n o

i d s e r i e s

9 0

1 0 3 A c t

i n o

i d s e r i e s

T h e v o

l u m e o

f o n e m o

l e o

f a n y g a s

i s 2 4

d m

3 a

t r o o m

t e m p e r a

t u r e a n

d p r e s s u r e

( r . t . p . ) .

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