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Slavs & Vikings 862: Viking chief Rurik founds Novgorod 880: Oleg founds Kiev on the Dnieper Allows Vikings to sail to Constantinople Kiev grows into a principality = lines between Vikings & Slavs blur
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11.2 – Russian Empire
Geography: Birth of Russia• Region: West of the Urals,
between the Black & Baltic Seas
• South: Hilly Grassland• North: Dense Forests, flat,
& swampy• Rivers are slow moving &
interconnected = easy travel
• Peoples: Slavs, Rus, & Vikings
Slavs & Vikings• 862: Viking chief Rurik
founds Novgorod• 880: Oleg founds Kiev on
the Dnieper• Allows Vikings to sail to
Constantinople• Kiev grows into a
principality = lines between Vikings & Slavs blur
Kiev - Orthodox• 957: Princess Olga converts
to Christianity• Grandson, Vladimir sent
teams out view all the religions – p. 308
• 989: Baptism for all citizens of Kiev
• Provides closer ties to the Byzantines
• Vlad imports figures to teach people their new faith
• Utilizes practice of being leader of both the Church & State
Millennium of Russia
Kievan Russia• Kiev grew because of
Byzantine connections• Stretched from Poland to
near the Black Sea• Yaroslav the Wise - Great
Ruler– Alliances to the west
through marriage– Legal code (property)– 1st library in Kiev– Christianity prospers (~400
churches)
Kiev’s Decline• 1054: Yaroslav’s death =
decline• Error: divided territory
among his sons – WHY?– Who in history did this?
• The Crusades disrupts trade, main source of wealth
• Invasion from the East (The Mongols)
Mongol Invasions• Fierce nomadic horsemen
from the steppes of Central Asia
• Rose to power under Genghis Khan
• Burned & killed everything in their way
• Destroyed Kiev in 1240 & rule southern Russia for 200+ years
• Establish the Khanate of the Golden Horde– “ Kingdom of the Golden
Camp”
Mongol Expansion
Mongols in Russia• The Mongols tolerated
other religions; Russians free to practice own customs
• Demands: (1) absolute obedience & (2) huge tributes
• Russian rulers, such as Alexander Nevsky, crushed revolts against the Mongols
• Russia became isolated from the rest of Europe and fell behind
Russia Breaks Free• 1100s: Moscow founded
near the Volga, Dneiper, & Don– Strategic Position – WHY?
• Ivan I becomes “Grand Prince” under Mongols – gains their trust
• Convinces patriarch in Kiev to move to Moscow
• Ivan I & his successors use money, the Church, tricks, & war to gain control
• Establishes a small, but strong Mongol free area around Moscow
Empire Russia• Ivan III (43 years) –
builds a Russian Empire– Challenges the Mongols– Names himself czar
• Russia = “The 3rd Rome”• 1480: Officially breaks
away from Mongols after a bloodless standoff– Futures czars are free to
expand Russian territory