11 Bolting 11 7 17 - Oregon.gov Home Page 11 Bolting 11.1 High Strength Structural Bolting 1 Bolt Properties 2 Methods of Tightening ... • ASTM F436 • Type 1 – Carbon Steel (Plain

Section 11

Bolting 11.1 High Strength Structural Bolting 1

Bolt Properties 2 Methods of Tightening 5 Field Tests 6

Rotational Capacity Test for Long Bolts 7 Rotational Capacity Test for Short Bolts 21 Verification Tests 23 Inspection Torque 27 Field Inspection 28 Other Types of Bolt Situations 33

High Strength Structural Bolts 11.1

January, 2018 1

High Strength Structural Bolting

What Is High Strength Bolting & Why Is It Important?

• A325 or A490 Bolts are tightened to a prescribed tension to produce enough Friction force in a connection to resist imposed loads.

• Slip Critical Connections do not rely on the bearing between the bolt and plate material to transfer loads. They rely on the Friction of the plates. The bolts just pull the plates together thereby increasing the friction on the plates.


January, 2018 2

Bolt Properties

High Strength Field BoltingTheory & Behavior

A325 Load/Elongation Curve


January, 2018 3

High Strength Field Bolting

Bolt Types:

A325 – High Strength Bolts for Structural Steel Joints (Most common bolt type)

A490 – Heat Treated Steel Structural Bolts (Used by exception only)

A307 – Carbon Steel Bolts (NOT USED IN HIGH STRENGTH BOLTING APPLICATIONS)


A325 Bolt Types:

Type 1 (Medium Carbon) 1/2″ to 1 1/2″

Type 3 (Weathering) 1/2″ to 1 1/2″

A325 Strength Requirements:

Diameter (in.) Yield (ksi) Tensile (ksi)

1/2″ - 1″ 92 120

1 1/8″ - 1 1/2″ 81 105


January, 2018 4

High Strength Field BoltingBolt Type Matching Nut

A325 A563 A194

Type 1 (Plain) C, D, DH 2, 2H

Type 1 (Galvanized) DH 2H

Type 3 (Weathering) C3, DH3

Note: All Nuts For High Strength Fasteners are Heavy Hex.

Non Heat Treated Nuts: Proof Load Stress = 150 ksi

Heat Treated Nuts: Proof Load Stress = 175 ksi


Hardened Steel Washers:

• ASTM F436

• Type 1 – Carbon Steel (Plain or Galvanized)

• Type 3 – Weathering Steel

• Rockwell Hard. Values: 38 to 45 (Plain) - 170 ksi26 to 45 (Galvanized) - 125 ksi


January, 2018 5

Methods of Tightening

Methods of Tightening

• Turn of Nut Method

• Direct Tension Indicators (DTI’s)

• Tension Control Fasteners


January, 2018 6

Steel Girder Construction

• Most splice and connection bolts on our girders are installed using the Turn-of-Nut Method.

• DTI’s are not used.

• TC bolts are used some.

Field Tests


January, 2018 7

Field Tests At The Project Site

• Rotational Capacity Test

• Verification Test

• Inspection Torque

Rotational Capacity Test for Long Bolts

TUR

N-O

F-N

UT

MET

HO

D (L

ON

G B

OLT

S)

PRO

CES

SES

PUR

POSE

1. R

otat

iona

l Cap

acity

Tes

tC

heck

s bo

lts fo

r ove

rall

capa

city

, pro

per l

ubric

atio

n, a

nd fo

r dam

age

durin

g st

orag

e or

tran

sit

2. V

erifi

catio

n Te

st

Dem

onst

rate

s th

at C

ontra

ctor

's e

quip

men

t & p

roce

dure

will

tigh

ten

bolts

to p

rope

r ten

sion

3.

Ins

pect

ion

Torq

ueD

eter

min

es to

rque

val

ue to

be

used

in th

e ra

ndom

fiel

d in

spec

tion

4. R

ando

m F

ield

Insp

ectio

nC

heck

s bo

lt in

stal

latio

n on

stru

ctur

e us

ing

the

Job

Insp

ectio

n To

rque

PRO

CES

SES

PRO

CED

UR

E

1. R

otat

iona

l Cap

acity

Tes

t1.

Sam

ple

2 bo

lt, w

ashe

r & n

ut a

ssem

blie

s

(02

560.

60 (a

))2.

Ass

embl

e fa

sten

er w

ith 3

-5 th

read

s w

ithin

the

grip

3. S

nug

tight

(10%

of R

equi

red

Fast

ener

Ten

sion

in T

able

560

-1);

Tole

ranc

e= -0

kip

s, +

2 ki

ps4.

Mar

k th

e bo

lt, n

ut &

pla

te5.

Tig

hten

to R

equi

red

Fast

ener

Ten

sion

& re

cord

torq

ue (t

orqu

e m

ust n

ot e

xcee

d T=

0.25

PD

) (P

in lb

s, D

in ft

)6.

Tur

n nu

t to

twic

e th

e ro

tatio

n in

Tab

le 5

60-3

(ten

sion

mus

t exc

eed

115%

of R

equi

red

Fast

ener

Ten

sion

)7.

Rem

ove

nut a

nd c

heck

thre

ads

2. V

erifi

catio

n Te

st1.

Sam

ple

3 bo

lt, w

ashe

r & n

ut a

ssem

blie

s

(00

560.

29 (c

)(1

& 5

))2.

Snu

g tig

ht (P

lies

of jo

int i

n fir

m c

onta

ct, f

ull e

ffort

on 1

2" s

pud

wre

nch;

10%

of R

FT<

Tens

ion

< 50

% o

f RFT

)3.

Mar

k th

e bo

lt, n

ut &

pla

te4.

Tig

hten

nut

to th

e ro

tatio

n in

Tab

le 5

60-3

(max

. of 1

0 se

cond

s w

ith im

pact

wre

nch)

5. V

erify

tens

ion

is 5

% g

reat

er th

an R

equi

red

Fast

ener

Ten

sion

3. I

nspe

ctio

n To

rque

1. S

ampl

e 3

bolt,

was

her &

nut

ass

embl

ies

(

0056

0.29

(d))

2. P

lace

in S

kidm

ore

& ti

ghte

n to

Req

uire

d Fa

sten

er T

ensi

on in

Tab

le 5

60-1

3. M

easu

re to

rque

requ

ired

to tu

rn th

e nu

t 5 d

egre

es (1

" @ 1

2" ra

dius

)4.

Ave

rage

the

3 te

sts

to d

eter

min

e th

e In

spec

tion

Torq

ue

4. R

ando

m F

ield

Insp

ectio

n1.

Sel

ect a

t ran

dom

10%

of t

he te

nsio

ned

bolts

in e

ach

conn

ectio

n (2

min

imum

)

(00

560.

29 (d

))2.

App

ly In

spec

tion

Torq

ue.

If no

ne tu

rn, t

he c

onne

ctio

n pa

sses

.3.

If o

ne o

r mor

e fa

sten

ers

turn

, ins

pect

ion

torq

ue a

ll fa

sten

ers

in th

e co

nnec

tion.

4. R

e-te

nsio

n &

insp

ect a

ll fa

sten

ers

that

turn

ed w

hen

appl

ying

the

Insp

ectio

n To

rque

.

734-

2629

Sum

mar

y (3

-201

2) C

onst

ruct

ion

Form

s W

ebsi

te:

http

://w

ww

.ore

gon.

gov/

OD

OT/

Hw

y/C

onst

ruct

ion/

Con

stFo

rms1

.sht

ml

HIG

H S

TREN

GTH

BO

LTIN

G S

UM

MA

RY

TUR

N-O

F-N

UT

MET

HO

D (S

HO

RT

BO

LTS)

PRO

CES

SES

PUR

POSE

1. R

otat

iona

l Cap

acity

Tes

tC

heck

s bo

lts fo

r ove

rall

capa

city

, pro

per l

ubric

atio

n an

d fo

r dam

age

durin

g st

orag

e or

tran

sit

2. V

erifi

catio

n Te

st

Dem

onst

rate

s th

at C

ontra

ctor

's e

quip

men

t & p

roce

dure

will

tigh

ten

bolts

to p

rope

r ten

sion

3. I

nspe

ctio

n To

rque

Det

erm

ines

torq

ue v

alue

to b

e us

ed in

the

rand

om fi

eld

insp

ectio

n4.

Ran

dom

Fie

ld In

spec

tion

Che

cks

bolt

inst

alla

tion

on s

truct

ure

usin

g th

e In

spec

tion

Torq

ue

PRO

CES

SES

PRO

CED

UR

E

1. R

otat

iona

l Cap

acity

Tes

t1.

Sam

ple

2 bo

lt, w

ashe

r & n

ut a

ssem

blie

s

(02

560.

60 (a

))2.

Ass

embl

e fa

sten

er w

ith 3

-5 th

read

s w

ithin

the

grip

3. S

nug

tight

(10%

of m

ax a

llow

able

torq

ue <

Tor

que

< 20

% o

f MA

T, M

AT=

1.15

(0.2

5PD

)) (

P in

lbs,

D in

ft)

4. M

ark

sock

et5.

Tig

hten

nut

to ro

tatio

n in

Tab

le56

0-3

& re

cord

torq

ue (t

orqu

e m

ust n

ot e

xcee

d T=

1.15

(0.2

5PD

)6.

Tur

n nu

t to

twic

e th

e ro

tatio

n in

Tab

le 5

60-3

7. R

emov

e nu

t and

che

ck th

read

s

2. V

erifi

catio

n Te

st1.

Sam

ple

3 bo

lt, w

ashe

r & n

ut a

ssem

blie

s

(00

560.

29 (c

)(1

& 5

))2.

Snu

g tig

ht (J

oint

plie

s in

firm

con

tact

, ful

l effo

rt on

spu

d w

renc

h; 1

0% o

f MA

T< T

orqu

e <

50%

of M

AT

3. M

ark

the

bolt,

nut

& p

late

4. T

ight

en n

ut to

the

rota

tion

in T

able

560

-35.

Ver

ify to

rque

is 5

% g

reat

er th

an a

vera

ge o

f the

reco

rded

torq

ues

@ tu

rn re

quire

men

t in

the

RoC

ap T

est

3. I

nspe

ctio

n To

rque

1. S

ampl

e 3

bolt,

was

her &

nut

ass

embl

ies

(

0056

0.29

(d))

2. S

nug

tight

(10%

of m

ax a

llow

able

torq

ue <

Tor

que

< 20

% o

f MA

T, M

AT=

1.15

(0.2

5PD

)) (

P in

lbs,

D in

ft)

3. M

ark

the

bolt,

nut

& p

late

4. T

ight

en n

ut to

the

rota

tion

in T

able

560

-33.

Mea

sure

torq

ue re

quire

d to

turn

the

nut 5

deg

rees

(1" @

12"

radi

us)

4. A

vera

ge th

e 3

test

s to

det

erm

ine

the

Insp

ectio

n To

rque

4. R

ando

m F

ield

Insp

ectio

n1.

Sel

ect a

t ran

dom

10%

of t

he te

nsio

ned

bolts

in e

ach

conn

ectio

n (2

min

imum

)

(00

560.

29 (d

))2.

App

ly J

ob In

spec

tion

Torq

ue.

If no

ne tu

rn, t

he c

onne

ctio

n pa

sses

.3.

If o

ne o

r mor

e fa

sten

ers

turn

, ins

pect

ion

torq

ue a

ll fa

sten

ers

in th

e co

nnec

tion.

4. R

e-te

nsio

n &

insp

ect a

ll fa

sten

ers

that

turn

ed w

hen

appl

ying

the

Insp

ectio

n To

rque

.

734-

2630

Sum

mar

y (3

-201

2) C

onst

ruct

ion

Form

s W

ebsi

te:

http

://w

ww

.ore

gon.

gov/

OD

OT/

Hw

y/C

onst

ruct

ion/

Con

stFo

rms1

.sht

ml

HIG

H S

TREN

GTH

BO

LTIN

G S

UM

MA

RY


January, 2018 8

View Rotational Capacity Test for Long Bolts

Rotational-Capacity Test Equipment

Skidmore-Wilhelm or Equivalent

• Calibrated Yearly

Standard Torque Wrench

• 1000 ft. lb. Capacity

• Calibrated Yearly

Rigid Steel Joint

• Short Bolt Fasteners

Project Contract No.

Company Test No.

RCT-Torque Wrench Serial No. Calibration Due Date

Skidmore Serial No. Calibration Due Date

Bolt Diameter Bolt Length Quantity

Bolt Mfg. Lot No. Heat No.

Nut Mfg. Lot No. Heat No.

Washer Mfg. Lot No. Heat No.

Ro-Cap Sample 1: Required Fastener Tension = Lbs. (Table 00560-1)Snug Tight Tension = Lbs. (0.10 x Req. Fastener Tension): Tol. = -0 kips + 2 kipsMeasured Torque = Maximum Allowable Torque = Ft.-Lbs. (T < 0.25PD); (P in Lbs., D in Ft.)Measured Tension = Lbs. @ Turn (2x Rotation In Table 00560-3)Minimum Tension Required = Lbs. (1.15 X Required Fastener Tension)

Sample 1 Results:Ro-Cap Sample 2: Required Fastener Tension = Lbs. (Table 00560-1)Snug Tight Tension = Lbs. (0.10 x Req. Fastener Tension): Tol. = -0 kips + 2 kipsMeasured Torque = Maximum Allowable Torque = Ft.-Lbs. (T < 0.25PD); (P in Lbs., D in Ft.)Measured Tension = Lbs. @ Turn (2x Rotation In Table 00560-3)Minimum Tension Required = Lbs. (1.15 X Required Fastener Tension)

Sample 2 Results:

Rotational Capacity Test Results:Inspection Torque Sample 1:Required Fastener Tension = Lbs. (Table 00560-1)Measured Torque = Ft.-Lbs. @ Additional 5 Degrees (Apprx. 1" @ 12" Radius)

Inspection Torque Sample 2:Required Fastener Tension = Lbs. (Table 00560-1)Measured Torque = Ft.-Lbs. @ Additional 5 Degrees (Apprx. 1" @ 12" Radius)


Inspection Torque = Ft.-Lbs. (Average of the 3 Inspection Torque Samples)

Comments:

Inspector Cert No. Title

Contractor's Representative Date

734-2629 (3-2012) Construction Forms Website: http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/Hwy/Construction/ConstForms1.shtml

Ft.-Lbs. @ Required Fastener Tension (Go to Insp. Torque)


32200

280003000

28000

HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS ROTATIONAL CAPACITY TEST & INSPECTION TORQUE

(LONG BOLTS)

3000

438

438

32200

28000

#DIV/0!

28000

28000

Pass Fail

Accept Reject

Pass Fail

3/4 inch

Turn of Nut MethodTurn of Nut Method Direct Tension IndicatorDirect Tension Indicator Tension Control FastenerTension Control Fastener


January, 2018 9

Table 560-1

A325 Bolts

Note: A490 Bolts require higher tensions

Table 560-3


January, 2018 10

Ro-Cap Test for Long Bolts

1. Sample 2 Bolt/Washer/Nut Assemblies

2. Assemble fastener with 3-5 threads within grip

3. Snug tight (10% of req’d fast. tension, Table 560-1)

(Tolerance= -0 kips to +2 kips)

4. Mark socket

5. Tighten to req’d fast. tension and record torque (torque must not exceed T=0.25PD) (P in lbs, D in ft)

6. Turn nut to twice the rotation in Table 560-3 (tension must exceed 115% of req’d fast. tension)

Skidmore/Wilhelm


January, 2018 11

Change Plate to Correct Hole Size

Correct Size Plate Installed


January, 2018 12

Bolt Head Insert On Backside

3 to 5 threads in grip

washers orshims

one washer minimum

3 - 5 Threads in Grip


January, 2018 13

3-5 Threads in Grip

Added Washers to Maintain 3-5 Threads Within Grip


January, 2018 14

Snug Tight (10% of Required Fastener Tension)

Table 560-1


January, 2018 15

Rotational Capacity TestSnug Tight (Long Bolts)

Bolt Diameter 3/4″

Required Fastener Tension (Table 560-1) 28 kips

Required Fastener Tension 28,000 lbs.

Snug Tight (10% Req’d. Fast. Tens.) = 0.10 (28,000lbs)

Snug Tight = 2,800 lbs

Tolerance = - 0 kips to + 2 kips

Mark Bolt, Nut & Plate


January, 2018 16

Mark Bolt, Nut & Plate

Tighten to Req’d Fastener Tension


January, 2018 17

Record Torque

Rotational Capacity TestMaximum Torque, T=0.25 PD

Diameter 3/4″

Required Fastener Tension 28 kips(Table 560-1)

Max. Torque, T = 0.25 PD(P in lbs, D in ft)

Max. Torque, T = 0.25(28,000 lbs)(3/4″)(1 ft/12″) = 438 ft-lbs

Max. Torque, T = 438 ft-lbs


January, 2018 18

Turn Nut

Twice Rotation Specified in Table 560-3

Turn Nut to Twice the Rotation

Table 560-3


January, 2018 19

Rotation Example

What is the turn requirement in the rotational capacity test for a bolt with a diameter = 7/8″ and a bolt length = 6″?

4 Diameters = 4 (7/8″) = 3.5″8 Diameters = 8 (7/8″) = 7″

Single turn requirement from Table 560-3 = 1/2 turn

Twice rotation = 2 (1/2 turn) = 1 full turn

Rotation Exercise

What is the turn requirement in the rotational capacity test for a bolt with a diameter = 3/4″ and a bolt length = 3″?


January, 2018 20

Tension Must Exceed 115% of Req’d Fastener Tension

Minimum Tension Example

What is the minimum tension required for a 3/4″ bolt during the Rotational Capacity Test when the nut is turned to twice the turn shown in Table 560-3?

Min. Tension = 115% of Required Fastener Tension (Table 560-1)

Min. Tension = 1.15 (28,000 lbs.)

Min. Tension = 32,200 lbs.


January, 2018 21

Examine Bolt and Nut

Reject assemblies showing thread stripping or torsional failure. Elongation of the threads in the grip is normal.

Rotational Capacity Test for Short Bolts


January, 2018 22

View Short Bolt Video

Ro-Cap Test for Short Bolts

1. Sample 2 Bolt/Washer/Nut Assemblies

2. Assemble fastener with 3-5 threads within grip

3. Snug tight (10% of max allowable torque < Torque < 20% of MAT, MAT=1.15(0.25PD)) (P in lbs, D in ft)

4. Mark nut (socket) relative to fixed bolt

5. Tighten nut to rotation in Table 560-3 and record torque (torque must not exceed 1.15 allowed torque)

6. Turn nut to twice the rotation in Table 560-3


Company Test No.

Torque Wrench Serial No. Calibration Due Date






Ro-Cap Sample 1: Required Fastener Tension = Lbs. (Table 00560-1)Snug Tight Torque = Ft.-Lbs.; T = 0.1(1.15)(0.25PD); (P in Lbs., D in Ft.)Measured Torque = Ft.-Lbs. @ Maximum Allowable Torque = Ft.-Lbs; T = 1.15(0.25PD): P in Lbs., D in Ft.)2 x Rotation = Turn (2x Rotation in Table 00560-3)

Sample 1 Results:Ro-Cap Sample 2: Required Fastener Tension = Lbs. (Table 00560-1)Snug Tight Torque = Ft.-Lbs.; T = 0.1(1.15)(0.25PD); (P in Lbs., D in Ft.)Measured Torque = Ft.-Lbs. @ Maximum Allowable Torque = Ft.-Lbs; T = 1.15(0.25PD): P in Lbs., D in Ft.)2 x Rotation = Turn (2x Rotation in Table 00560-3)

Sample 2 Results:

Rotational Capacity Test Results:Inspection Torque Sample 1:Measured Torque = Ft.-Lbs. @ Turn (Turn Rotation in Table 00560-3)Sample Inspection Torque = Ft.-Lbs. @ Additional 5 Degrees (Apprx. 1" @ 12" Radius)

Inspection Torque Sample 2:Measured Torque = Ft.-Lbs. @ Turn (Turn Rotation in Table 00560-3)Sample Inspection Torque = Ft.-Lbs. @ Additional 5 Degrees (Apprx. 1" @ 12" Radius)



Comments:




Turn (Table 00560-3) (Go to Insp. Torque)


#DIV/0!

50

503

503

5028000


(SHORT BOLTS)

RCT-

28000

Pass Fail

Accept Reject

Pass Fail

3/4 inch



January, 2018 23

Short Bolt Method

Verification Testing

Turn-of-Nut Method


Company Test No.







Verification Sample 1: Required Fastener Tension = Lbs. (Table 00560-1)Meas'd Tension @ Snug Tight = Lbs.(Joint Plies in Firm Contact, Full Effort on Spud Wrench)

(10% Req'd Fastener Tension < Snug Tight < 50% RFT)Measured Time = Seconds (From Snug Tight to Turn Rotation in Table 00560-3)Maximum Allowable Time = Seconds (From Snug Tight to Turn Rotation in Table 00560-3)Measured Tension = Lbs. @ Turn (Turn Rotation In Table 00560-3)Minimum Tension Required = Lbs. (1.05 X Required Fastener Tension)

Sample 1 Results:Verification Sample 2: Required Fastener Tension = Lbs. (Table 00560-1)Meas'd Tension @ Snug Tight = Lbs.(Joint Plies in Firm Contact, Full Effort on Spud Wrench)


Sample 2 Results:Verification Sample 3: Required Fastener Tension = Lbs. (Table 00560-1)Meas'd Tension @ Snug Tight = Lbs.(Joint Plies in Firm Contact, Full Effort on Spud Wrench)


Sample 2 Results:Verification Test Results:Comments:




28000

10

10

29400

28000

29400

28000

VT-

HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS VERIFICATION TEST (LONG BOLTS)

29400

10

3/4 inch


Pass Fail

Accept Reject

Pass Fail

FailPass


January, 2018 24

Verification Testing for Long Bolts Turn-of-Nut Method

1. Sample 3 Bolt/Washer/Nut Assembles

2. Snug the bolt using method to be used on the structure

(plies of joint in firm contact; full effort on 12″ spud wrench)

(10% of RFT < Tension < 50% of RFT)

3. Mark the Bolt/Nut/Plate

4. Tighten nut to rotation in Table 560-3

5. Verify tension is 5% greater than proof load

Turn-of-Nut Verification TestingLong Bolt Example

Diameter = ¾″

Length = 3″

Required Rotation (Turns) = 1/3

Required Fastener Tension = 28,000 lbs

Req’d Verification Tension = (105%) Req’d Fast Tension

Req’d Verification Tension = (1.05)(28,000) = 29,400 lbs.


January, 2018 25

Turn-of-Nut Verification TestingLong Bolt Exercise

Diameter = 7/8″

Length = 4″

Required Rotation (Turns) = ___________

Required Fastener Tension = ___________ lbs

Req’d Verification Tension = ____________________

Verification Testing for Short Bolts Turn-of-Nut Method

1. Sample 3 Bolt/Washer/Nut Assembles

2. Snug the bolt using method to be used on the structure

(plies of joint in firm contact; full effort on 12″ spud wrench)

(10% of MAT < Torque < 50% of MAT)



5. Verify torque is 5% greater than recorded torque at turn requirement


Company Test No.







Required Fastener Tension = lbs. (Table 00560-1)Verification Sample 1: Maximum Allowable Torque = Ft.-Lbs.; MAT = 1.15(0.25PD), (P in Lbs., D in Ft.)Meas'd Torque @ Snug Tight = Ft.-Lbs.(Joint Plies in Firm Contact, Full Effort on Spud Wrench)

(10% MAT < Snug Tight < 50% MATMeasured Time = Seconds (From Snug Tight to Turn Rotation in Table 00560-3)Maximum Allowable Time = Seconds (From Snug Tight to Turn Rotation in Table 00560-3)Measured Torque = Ft.-Lbs. @ Turn (Turn Rotation In Table 00560-3)Minimum Torque Required = Ft.-Lbs. (1.05 X Avg. RoCap Torque @ Rotation in Table 00560-3)

Sample 1 Results:Verification Sample 2: Maximum Allowable Torque = Ft.-Lbs.; MAT = 1.15(0.25PD), (P in Lbs., D in Ft.)Meas'd Torque @ Snug Tight = Ft.-Lbs.(Joint Plies in Firm Contact, Full Effort on Spud Wrench)


Sample 2 Results:Verification Sample 3: Maximum Allowable Torque = Ft.-Lbs.; MAT = 1.15(0.25PD), (P in Lbs., D in Ft.)Meas'd Torque @ Snug Tight = Ft.-Lbs.(Joint Plies in Firm Contact, Full Effort on Spud Wrench)


Sample 2 Results:Verification Test Results:Comments:




10

VT-

503

503

28000

503

HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS VERIFICATION TEST (SHORT BOLTS)

10

10

3/4 inch


Pass Fail

Accept Reject

Pass Fail

FailPass


January, 2018 26

Marked Bolt Connection

Nuts Turned ½ Turn


January, 2018 27

Inspection Torque

Turn-of-Nut Method

Inspection Torque for Long Bolt Method (Turn of Nut)

1. Sample 3 Bolt/Washer/Nut assembles

2. Place in skidmore and tighten to required tension in Table 560-1

3. Measure torque required to turn the nut 5 degrees (1″ @ 12″ radius)

4. Inspection torque is the average of the 3 tests


Company Test No.









Sample 2 Results:





Comments:






32200

280003000

28000


(LONG BOLTS)

3000

438

438

32200

28000

#DIV/0!

28000

28000

Pass Fail

Accept Reject

Pass Fail

3/4 inch



Company Test No.







Ro-Cap Sample 1: Required Fastener Tension = Lbs. (Table 00560-1)Snug Tight Torque = Ft.-Lbs.; T = 0.1(1.15)(0.25PD); (P in Lbs., D in Ft.)Measured Torque = Ft.-Lbs. @ Maximum Allowable Torque = Ft.-Lbs; T = 1.15(0.25PD): P in Lbs., D in Ft.)2 x Rotation = Turn (2x Rotation in Table 00560-3)

Sample 1 Results:Ro-Cap Sample 2: Required Fastener Tension = Lbs. (Table 00560-1)Snug Tight Torque = Ft.-Lbs.; T = 0.1(1.15)(0.25PD); (P in Lbs., D in Ft.)Measured Torque = Ft.-Lbs. @ Maximum Allowable Torque = Ft.-Lbs; T = 1.15(0.25PD): P in Lbs., D in Ft.)2 x Rotation = Turn (2x Rotation in Table 00560-3)

Sample 2 Results:

Rotational Capacity Test Results:Inspection Torque Sample 1:Measured Torque = Ft.-Lbs. @ Turn (Turn Rotation in Table 00560-3)Sample Inspection Torque = Ft.-Lbs. @ Additional 5 Degrees (Apprx. 1" @ 12" Radius)




Comments:






#DIV/0!

50

503

503

5028000


(SHORT BOLTS)

RCT-

28000

Pass Fail

Accept Reject

Pass Fail

3/4 inch



January, 2018 28

Inspection Torque for Short Bolt Method (Turn of Nut)

1. Sample 3 Bolt/Washer/Nut assembles

2. Snug tight (10% of MAT< Torque < 20% of MAT)

Maximum Allowable Torque = 1.15(0.25)PD)



5. Measure torque required to turn the nut 5 degrees (1″ @ 12″ radius)

6. Inspection torque is the average of the 3 tests

Field Inspection

Turn-of-Nut Method


January, 2018 29

Field Inspection(Turn of Nut Method)

– Select at random 10% of the tensioned bolts (2 minimum) in each connection.

– Apply Inspection Torque. If none turn, the connection passes.

– If one or more fasteners turn, job torque the remaining fasteners in the connection.

– Re-tension and inspect all fasteners that turned for minimum Inspection Torque.

Field Inspection Cont’d

• Nut Turned to Rotation in Table 560-3

• +/- 30° for 1/3 & 1/2 turns


January, 2018 30

High Strength Field BoltingAll Applications

• Non-galvanized fasteners may be reused once.

• Galvanized fasteners may not be reused.

• Previously tightened fasteners, loosened by tightening of adjacent fasteners will not be considered a re-use.

Bolt Installation(00560.46 (g))

• 25% Drift Pins

• 25% Fit Up Bolts


January, 2018 31

Systematic Tightening

1

2 4

3

5

8

6

7

26

30

18

22

14

16

28

32

13

15

20

24

25

29

17

21

10

12

27

31

9

11

19

23

Bolts in water?


January, 2018 32

Nuts in water?

Bolt Exercise

Bolt Diameter = 3/4″

Bolt Length = 5″

Measured Torque @ Req’d Fast. Tens. = 350 ft.-lbs.

Measured Tension @ 2x Rotation = 45,000 lbs.

Complete Ro-Cap Sample 1 on the Rotational Capacity Test Form for Long Bolts.


Company Test No.









Sample 2 Results:





Comments:






32200

280003000

28000


(LONG BOLTS)

3000

438

438

32200

28000

#DIV/0!

28000

28000

Pass Fail

Accept Reject

Pass Fail

3/4 inch



January, 2018 33

Table 560-3

Other Types Of Bolt Situations


January, 2018 34

Traffic Signal & Illumination Supports (00962)

TM629 General Note

Tighten anchor bolts and arm connection bolts according to 00962.46(j)(2).


January, 2018 35

TM651 Notes

21. Tighten 4 bolt arm connection bolts and tighten anchor rods in accordance with 962.46(j)(2).

22. Tighten 8 bolt arm connection bolts in accordance with 930.40(d).

Tightening Requirements(00962.46(j)(2)(a&d)

• Snug Tight (All plies in firm contact & full effort on the end of 12″ spud wrench)

Past Snug Tight• ASTM A 307 Anchor Rods 1/12 Turn

ASTM A 449 Anchor Rods 1/6 TurnASTM F 1554 Gr 55 Anchor Rd 1/6 TurnASTM A 325 Bolts 1/6 Turn

Spec Notes & Best Practices

March 2016 Number 4

Continued on back

TM652 H.S. Through – Bolts Detail(Detail 1 – Correct DTI Washer Orientation)

00930 & 00962 Direct Tension Indicator and Turn-of-Nut Tightening for Luminaires and Traffic Signal Supports8 Bolt Mast Arm Connections

TM 650 – References Mast Arms and Luminaire Arms

TM 652 – 8 Bolt Arm Connection Details and Arm Connection Notes: See General Notes on TM651

TM 651 – Note 22: Tighten 8 Bolt Arm Connection bolts in accordance with 930.40(d)

*930.40(d)(2)(a) Direct Tension Indicator (DTI) Tightening

After attaining a snug-tight condition, tighten all fasteners in the connection by progressing systematically from the most rigid part of the con-nection to the free edges until all of the spaces between the direct tension indicator protrusions refuse entry to a 0.005-inch feeler.

*00930.49(e-2) – Bolt InspectionUpon completion of bolted joint, inspect a min-imum of 10 percent but not less than 2 bolts in each joint. (Check gaps with .005″ feeler gauge.)

GeneralDirect Tension Indicator (DTI) Washers have protrusions that, when compressed, indicate adequate tensioning.

Bolt Tightening with Cheater Bar (May be difficult to achieve proper tensioning)

Bolt Tightening with Multiplier(Best practice for achieving proper tensioning)

DTI – Key Inspection Points• Ensure washer orientation is

correct (protrusions facing hardened washer)

• Insert feeler gauge in each space between protrusions

• Insert the feeler gauge pointed towards the center of the bolt

• Inspect from the bucket truck (fall protection required)

Click here to see it on YouTube!

Notches on the DTI mark the center of the protusion spaces. A feeler guage is included

in the hardware shipment.

*updated for projects bid on/after 12/1/2016

Spec Notes are prepared for inspectors by the Construction Quality Assurance Unit to provide background information around design elements and specifications. For additional Spec Notes, visit us at http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/CONSTRUCTION/Pages/QAIndex.aspx.

If you have an idea for a Spec Notes topic, please e-mail us at [email protected] or contact us at 503.986.5453.

4 Bolt Luminaire Arm Connections & Anchor Rods (Turn-of-Nut)TM 652 – 4 Bolt Arm Connection Details and Arm Connection Notes: See General notes on TM 651

TM 650 – See details on TM 629

TM 629 – Tighten Anchor Bolts and Arm Connection bolts in ac-cordance with 962.46(j)(2)

TM 651 – Note 21: Tighten 4 Bolt Arm Connection bolts and anchor rods in accordance with 962.46(j)(2)

962.46(j)(2)(a) Anchor Rods for Signal Supports Rotate each top nut past snug as shown in (d).

962.46(j)(2)(c) High-Strength Bolts in Luminaire Arm-to-Pole Install high-strength 4-bolt connections....Rotate each top nut past snug tight as indicated in (d).

Technical ContactsTerry Thames Structure Quality [email protected]

Jaimé Viramontes, Sr. Assistant Structure Services [email protected]

Tightened BoltsPhoto shown for illustration of bolt markings only.

Signal anchor bolts require two nuts per bolt.

962.46(j)(2)(d) – Final Tightening

Connection Type Rotation Past Snug Tight

ASTM A307 Anchor Rods 30° (1/12 turn)

ASTM A449 Anchor Rods 60° (1/6 turn)

ASTM F1554 GR. 55 Anchor Rods 60° (1/6 turn)

ASTM A325 4 Bolt Connection 60° (1/6 turn)

00962.46(j)(2) – “Snug Tight” is the tighness that exists when all plies of the joint are in firm contact, and can be obtained by the full effort of a worker on the end of a 12-inch long wrench.

Turn-of-Nut Key Inspection Points• Luminaire connections must be observed/inspected at ground

level, prior to erecting pole

• Inspect leveling nuts and washers to ensure full contact with base plate prior to installation of top nut

• Be on-site for inspection

After Snug Tight, mark bolt, nut and plate prior to tightening.

Sampling of High Strength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers (NTMAG Section 00930 & 00962.10)Check to see if ODOT Materials Lab (971-673-7002) has sam-pled and tested the bolts, nuts, and washers to be used. If not previously tested, sample in the field for each lot to be used on the Project. Submit samples to the ODOT materials laboratory for testing. Do not use high strength bolts, nuts, and washers without passing laboratory report and proper quality documents.

Final tightening: Rotate Past Snug Tight per 962.46(j)(2)(a)

}1 flat = 1/6 turn

1/6 turn shown


January, 2018 36

Sign Supports (00930)

Major Sign Supports00930.10

• Rotational Capacity Test Required At Job Site

• Except for minor sign supports


January, 2018 37

TM623 General Notes

All High Strength Bolts shall be considered slip critical and tightened according to 00930.40(d)(2)a unless otherwise noted.

Slip Critical Connections00930.40 (d)(2)(a)

• Install New DTI’s

• Snug Tight All

• Tighten To Full Refusal of .005 Feeler Gauge (SP00930.42(d)(2)(a))


January, 2018 38

Cantilever Sign

TM623 Construction Procedure(Notes 5 - 7)

For Anchor Rods:

• Lubricate top nuts

• Snug tight top nuts (full effort on 12″ wrench)

• Snug tight bottom nuts

• Tighten all top nuts an additional 1/6 turn in two passes (1/12 turn per pass)


January, 2018 39

Cantilevered Sign Base

Resin Bonded Anchor Systems00535


January, 2018 40

Resin Bonded Anchor SystemTightening Requirements

00535.40

• Tighten to ¼ turn past snug tight

Resin Bonded Anchor SystemTest Requirements

SP00535.45

• 3 Test Anchors Prior To Production• Test To 80% of Table 535-1 Values

(For Tension Application) • Test To 50% of Table 535-1 Values

(For Shear Application)• Test 10% of Production or as Approved By EOR

(Depends on Location)


January, 2018 41

Documents

11 Bolting 11 7 17 - Oregon.gov Home Page 11 Bolting 11.1 High Strength Structural Bolting 1 Bolt Properties 2 Methods of Tightening ... • ASTM F436 • Type 1 – Carbon Steel (Plain