u_i_ OsEPTMENT OF HEALTH. A.

,

E DU 10M &WELFARE I, .

NATIONAL IHSTITUTE,OF/ EDUCATION

THIS UMENT HAS BEEN REPRO-ouceo EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHEP RSO/I OR OR.GAIUTATION ORIGIN-ATI IT MINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS

.STALED 00 NOT NECESSARILY RERRESENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUT E.opEDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY

,./ -

.,

, , -.- j'i4 y-

US. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREHOME AND GAR EN BULtETIN NO.96,-. -

-

erg

tal .0

rollingseholdestsDEPANTMERT OF HEALTH.

EDUCATION &WELFARENATIONAL INSTITUTEDF

. / EDUCATION

THIS UMENT HAS BEEN REPRO-DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED F SOMTHE P RSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN.ATI IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS

-STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY R ERRE-SENT OFFICIAL MAMMAL INSTITUTEOFEDUCATION POSITtON OR POLICY

US. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREHOME AND GAR EN BULI-ETIN NO.98

CQNTENTS

Good housekeepingPesticides and their application

- Surface sprays ____Space sprays-and.aerosols r--DustsPaintbrush applicationPoisoned baitBuying the right pesticide

Household pestsAnts _BatsBed bugsCentipeddsClothei. moths and carpet beetlesCockroaches-CricketsFleas .House fliesMice

Fate

1,2

3344556'79912141415-16117/ Mosquitoes 18

- Pantry pests 19.Powder-post beetles 20 itRats _20/ScorpionsSilvgfish and- firebratsSpidersTermitesTicksWasps

;Use Pesticides Safely-,

s

. -

J-

N%

CONTROLLING-HOUSEHOLDPESTS-

Most of the information for this publiistion was furnished by Southern Region,Agricultural Research Service'

sSom e household pests have

an incredible ability to escapeextinction. Cockroaches, .for ex-ample, which have been on theearth millions. of years longerthan man, can subsist on anykind of food; they- thrive in allparts of the world. Some speciesof cockroaches prefer .man'shome to other habitats. Oncethey enter it, they use` countlessinstinctive tricks to keep frombeing evicted.

You can help Control house-hold pests by systematic house-

infect conare limited to uses in indaround the home and do not

n*o

apply to 'food handling. estab-lishments. `

cleaning: You can rid, yourhorn*. of practically all pests,and ,keep iJ. free of them, by acombination of continuous goodhousekeeping and the proper/use of the right ile,sticide at theright time.

GO9D HOUSEKEEPINGIt is easier to prevent pests

from infesting your home thanit is to get rid of _them, after .

they ase established. Householdpests seek available food, andplaces where they may hide andbreed. If you eliminate these

'Information on the following sub-jects was contributed by the agenciesindicated:

Bats, thice, and ratsFiih and Wild-life Service, U.S. Department of the 1nt%_'tenor.

Powder-post beetles and termitesForest Service, U.S. department of Ag- -.riculture.

k,

attractions fthm your home, thepests will look elsewhere forthem. -. .

Heye" some Jialic rules tofollo 7 t

fractice sanitation. Manyhousehold pests live on spilledfood and organic matter thathas not been completelycleaned up. WO, breed; multi-ply, and hide in 'small areaswhere food is left available tothemin 'cracks and crevices incupboards, walls, and Nora;around- baseboards; and behind

4 .1

kitchen. drawers. They hide inseldgm-used 'storage cabinets,behind waahtubs; and around'water pipes and toilets.

Keep-these places dean. Fre-quent scrubbings, with hotwatet and soap or detergentwill do the job. (Scrub surfacesbefiireftreating them with kTsti-cides; do not scrub newlytreated surfaces.)

Promptly dispose of gar-bage, bits food, crumbs,scraps of fabrics, lint, and otherwaste materials that yests mayeat or in .%thick they may bleed.

Keep all foods in tightly clo-sed containers, and keep thecontaplers clean outside as wellas inside. Before purchasingdry foods, examine the pack-ages carefully for evidence ofbreaks and resultant insect in-festation.

Don't permit 'insect pests tohitchhike into yqur home. Cock;pgches and silverfish often en-

4

ter the house in the crevices ofcardboard cartons usedtransporting groceries or omaterials. Don't leave

erese

containers in the kitcheil orbasement where the pests mayescape to infest your borne.

S Permanently seal up placeswhere pests may enter, Yoti

-.may not be able to close their :-all, but you can close. most.Caltilk the openings, and cracksaround wash begins, toiletbowls, water pipes, drain pipes,

= Ind raptor pipes. Fill in the_cracks -around baseboards any

between floorboards. Coverwhere rats or mice

may enter. See that windowsand doors are tight fitting._ Practice pest- preventionmeasure-is at ell timsiii,Applicit-tion of pesticide may be neededto supplement good housekeep-ing. Follow the directions andheed all precautions, ob. the pos-t-icicle label. /

PESTICIDES AND THEIR APPLI

A There are many kinds of pes-Aieides, just as- there are manykinds of pests.. Housekeepersare concerned chiefly with in- .suicides to control insects, mi-ticidis to control mites., and ro-denticides to control rodents.

Pesticides may be applied,tindifferent forins and -different

. ways to Om various purposes.In- order that you may knovi

. how to select the right form andapply it properly, read the fol-lowing-explanations:

Surface pkays

Surface sprays are_ applied tosurfaces inrthe some where in-_Aide _are likely to crawl. Thespray particles. are coarse, andthey/Om:open or wet the surfaces. When the spray dries, athin deposit of- insecticide re-

/mains. For several weeks ormonths, the deposit kills insectsthat crawl over it.

You may. Bby these sprays inpressurized containers; or you

2

1

may buy a liquid insecticide andapply it with a household handsprayer that produces a contin-uous coarse. pray.

Caution: Do not sprayasphalt -tillinsecticides on

floors, Vecausethey may dis-solve the amlhalt. They raj.also soften and discblor some

.linoleums and some plastic ma-lies-Ads; if in dOubt about spray-ing such surfaces, 'test thespray on a small, inconspicuousplace. If you apply an oilbaseinsecticide to the. cracks in aparquet floor, apply it lightly,an excessive amount may dis-solve the underlying Tementand the dissolved cement maystain the flour;

, lo

Space Sprays awiAerosolsSpade sprays and-aerosols are

designed for application intothe air. They are especiallyeffective against mosquitoes,hou,seflies, and other flying in-sects. They may also be used`topenetrate the hiding places ofother insects such as roaches,and driim them into the _openwhere they may be killed with asurface spray or dust.

The particles, or ciro>leti, of aspace spray are much =finerthan those of a surface spray,and float in the air for a: timeThe particles of an aerosol arefiner than_ those of a -spacespray, and float in the air. for alonger time.

Space sprays leave little resi-due, and generally should notbe used as surface sprays. Aero-

sols are entirely too fine for surrace application.`-

You ,may buy space sprays inpressurized containers; or youmay buy liquid insecticide andapply it as a space spray with a,household hand sprayer havinga nozzle that produces very fineparticles.. Household aerosolsare available in pressurized .

containers. sSome sprays sold in pressur-

ized containers may be labeledfor both surface and space ap-plications. If you use one of -these products for spraying inthe kitchen or pantry, firstpace cooking and eating uten-sils, and food, where they willnot be contaminated by fallingparticles.

DustsInsecticidal dusts usually

contain the same. active ingredi-ents as sprays. They are usedfor surface applications, andmay be blown by a householdhand duster into cracks, cor-ners, and other places difficultto reach, with sprays.

Paihtbrush ApplicationInsecticide may be applied to

surfaces in liquid, cream, :orpaste form with a paintbrush.This method often permits amore accurate placement of thematerial than does spraying ordusting. 'It is particularly rec-ommended where xnly spottreatments are needed.

Cream or. paste insecticides

3

,a.

PACE-SPRAY AND AEROspL Atruc AnoN

Before appliti*Ii'space spray or aerosol, close all windows anddivors tightly.-AptiVIte Chemical into the air as direited on thecontainer labeL Some people may be allergic to the materials in-space sprays or aerosols. After application, leave the rooni, closethe door, and do ncf reehte.r for half an hater or longer. Breatheas little as possible of the chemicals discharged in space Drays oraerosols. Before occupying the room, air it thoApughly.itare usually_ available: in stores directions and observe all pre-where liquids and dusts are cautions on the container labeL'sold.

.

- Poisoned BaitPoisoned bait, as the name

implies, is a bait on which apest iiill4feed, and to Which a.pesticide has been added.

In the home, poisoned hailsmay be used 'to control rodentsand some other pests. Fre-quently they are more haiaid-ous to humans and pets thanotheVorms of pesticide. If youuse a'-oned bait, handle itwith extreme care; follow the

.

COMMON AND CHEMICAL NAMES OF

Buying the RightPesticide

. In this bulletin the active in--gredients of pesticides are re-ferred to by their rAvnymn3.1

names. You may find that thelabels on some pesticide con-tainers in retail stores call the,active ingredients by theirchemical n'athes. The acconipa-nying table will aid you in buy-ing the right pesticide; it showsthe common and chemical namefor each active ingredient.

Common name Chemical name

Diazinon _O,0 .diethyl 042-isopiopy14-meillY1-6-133Tmidin3:1) PholPho' rothiote.--

Lindane _99 +% gamma-1,2,8,4,5,6-hew ttihiorocycloliezane.Malathion ...3.11,2-bis(etboxycarbonyDethyl]0.0-dimethyl pbospborodi-

. . thioate. . .Methozychlor 1,1,1-trichlop-2,2-bis(p-methcrzyphenyDethane.Perthane ______A mixture of diethyl dipbenyl dkhloroethane (95 percent;- .

..----..,\ and related reaction prpducts (5 percent).Propoxur _ _____ ____O-isopropoxypbenyl methykarbaraatePyrethrum Pyretbrimi or pyrethrins.

., -,

. . Ronne! .,___________...0,0-dimethyl 0-(2AktrichloroPhenYD PhosPh(irothioat-Strobane ______Terpene polyeilorinates (65-kerno. nt chlorine)... ..

'The chemical name shownon the label may not always be exit/11y as shownhere; variation is possible in the arrangement and inclusion of numbers.

4,

HOUSE-MAD PESTSMany pests that invade

homes are present at all timesin all parts of the UnitedStales. Some occur only at cer-.taro times or in certain areas.

The followihg pages tell whatthe pests look...like, what th4T.do, and 'how they may be con-trolled. Most-of the illustrationsIre greatly enlarged.

Ants

-wings of an ant are consider-ably 'smaller than the frontwings, and often are attachedto them; there is little differ.ence in. size between the rearand front wings of a termite."

Habits and damage

Several species of ants, ski-lar in appearance, invadehomes. Some ants have wings,and termites readily shed tlibirwings soon after emerging inbuildings. Because of thesefacts, ants are often mistakenfor termites,

The two insects, hoWever,may be readily. distinguished:Ants- -. are constricted, or"pinched in," at the waistline;termites have no constriction inthe waistline. Also, the rear

ale

"Ants crawl over any food theycan reach,,spoil it for humanconsumption, and carry bits okit to their nests.

They usually do not -attackfabrics9leather, or similar ma-terials found in homes. -They .

seldonf.attack perfectly soundwood; but some species agewooden structures, p 'cularlyold houses; by e blishingtheir nests in the decayingwoodwork.

n.rwow to control antsloo

Locate the ants' nest, if possi-ble. It may be outdoors; or itmay be in the housewithin a

.as-tisnEquipment commonly used for application of pesticides in the homes Left, hand

sprayer; right, hand duster.

5

Ant

wall or partition, under floor-,ing, under a pile of papers, or inan out-of-the:way corner. You

:may be able to trace the ants'line of march from the foodsource to the approximate loca-tion of(the nest.,

If you find the nest, treat itwith insecticide. If the nest isoutdoors, seal off all cracks and-openings into the house,through which the ants may be

. able to .enter. ,What insecticide to use.Ap-

ply a liquid household insecti-cide containing xliazinon, lin-dane, malathi ,`,ar propoxur.

- How to apply. To treat mostplaces, apply th insecticide asa surface spray. For kitchentreatments, you may prefer to

Eti-21579

apply 'the liquid with a _smallpaintbrush that will place it ex' .

actly where you want_ it.Apply inkcticide tb surfaces

over which the anti are crawl-ing in their line of march. Treatall cracks, openings, or runwaysthey may be using to enter thehouse or to enter a room. Thesemay include

The loi*er part' of windOwframes, and around doors.

Supports; posts, pillars, or,pipes that the ants might use as

. runways into the house. -

Cracks ,. in baseboards,-walls, and floors, and aroundsinks, bathtubs, toilets, andkitchen cupboards.

Openings around electricaloutlets andprumbing or heat-ing pipes.

Allow a few days for the antsto reach the insecticide depos-its. If the pests continue to ap.,pear, they probably are enter,-ing .over surfaces yod have ntreated. In this event,those surfaces.

at

BatsSometimes bats enter a home

and establish their roost in theattic, in a space between the

4

Winged ant. Termite.Ali ditto

Comman brown bat.

mesh-hardware cloth. Leave noopening :larger than IA inch.

Funzigation.It may be nee-kissarg to fumigate .the infestedareas. This;operation is danger-

, ous. Do not attempt it yourself.,Erhploy a professional .extermi-nator.

sever handle live bats; youmay be exposed to rabies. -Also,wear rubber gloyes when jck-

581 ing up and destroying deadbats.

An exterminator has the ex-perience and equipment-neededto bring about successful con-trol of bats:

8N-21

walls; or in an unused parts. ofan upper story; When this: oc-curs, the bats should be often

o rid- of as soon .as possible.

Habits and damageThese flying mammals stay in

their roosts durrg the day, andfly at night in parch of insects,on which they feed.

Normally bats are harmless,but they are Subject to. rabies; abat infected with this often-fa-tal disease can transmit it tohumans.

Bats tre objectionable alsobecause of the noita they makeand the bad odor that emanatesfrom their droppings and urine.

. This odor persists_ ong after aroost is broken tip, and mayattract a new colohy of bats un-less thorough sanitary meas.'ures are taken.

Ccintibi of bats

BatproofiAg. make. -sure all bats. are out of the

*house. Then; cover openingsthrough which they migWen-ter with sheet metal or 1/4-inch-

,

1r

. _Bed Bugs

The mature bed bug. is brown,flattish, and between ya and %inch Iong.When "ehgorged withfood (blood) the body becomeselongated and swollen; and thecolor changes from brown todull red. The change in size,shape, and color is so greitf thatbugs in different degrees of dis-tention may appear to be of dif-ferent species.

These pests are 'no longercommon in the United States,

Bed bug.a14.215b2

7

.

but they do occurin the most-luxurious residences as well asin the modest banes.

Bed bugs may be carried into'the home from theaters, hotels,rooming'hetifies, or public trans-portation facilities. They Mayhitchhike into your Willie inbundles of launkiryk

Habits and-damage

A-- female bed .bug lays hereggd in cracks and crevices,

-These nay be where parts of abed are joined together, aroundthe tufts of a matress, or in-asuitcase touching the end of abed.

- Bed bugs feed on bloodus-ually human bloodAnd theirbites may cause severe itching.They- avoid the light, and aresldinn seen. Evidences of bedbug infestation (other, thanitching bites) are black orbrown spots on surfaces wherethe bugs have been resting;these spots-are digested. blood.There usually is an ,,offenidve

' odor inArooms where bed bugs--;:s are numerous.

Bed bugs 'are objectionablealso because they .soil bed lin-ens and mattresses.' It neverhas been proved(however, thatthey are disease carriers in theUnited -States.

.,

How to control bed bugs

Once these pests enter an oc-cupied house, only the applica-tion of insecticide will reniovethem. .

What insecticide .toHousehold surfq.ce sprays eon-

11

,or., -

lindane, malathion, ron-.net or pyrethrum are usually;effective against bed bugs.Sometimes the bugs are resist-ant to Brdling,

Lindane, ronnel, or malathionmay require only one applies-,tion; Pyrethrum usually mustbe applied several times at in-tervals of 1 or 2 weeks.

How -to apply.Spray theslats, springs, and frames of . ).beds. Apply enough spray *to,wet them thoroughly.

Cover %the mattresses 'cora-.pletely with spray, ,but do notsoak them; be sure to get thespray into seams and tufts. Do-not" treat mattresses. with aspray containing more than 0.1percent of lindane or 1 percentof malathion; higher concentra-tions of these nufterials are. notsafe to use on mattresses. Allowmattress to dry before Ase.

Spray baseboards, and theopenings or cracks in walls andbetween .floorbodds. If somebed bugs are present several ,

weeks after treatMent, sprayagain.

For further information onbed bugs, see Leaflet 453, "HowTo Control Bed'Bugs." Copies ofthis and other pubileationsmentioned in this bulletin canbe purchased from the Superin-tendent of Documents, Wash-ington, D.C. 20402, or fronianyU.S. GovernhAent Printing Off-.ice bocokstore across the coun-try. Write to Superintendent ofDoCuments for price infornia-tion. Be sure to include your .

return address and ZIP Code., c

*

:Centipe=des

House centipedes do not dam--. age food supplies or _household,. furnishings And do not have a

oisonbus bite. However, .thebresence of these pests is- an-noying and may be unnecessar-ily frightening.

4

Habits -

Most centipedes normally liveoutdoors. In some areas, how-

. ever,7,orfe species of lozig-leggedcentipede thriyes,where it 'feeds on soft-bodied in-

*?, sects and spiders.

, How to-edritiol:centipedes ,

,To kill' these pests, use ahousehold .-surface stay can-

taintng !inclne. Apply the spraydirectlyon the pests. Sweepthem up With a broom and dust-PAP.

Adults Of, both species- ofclothes moths Jocilc yery muchAlike. They are yellowish orbuff_ have a wingspread ofabout 1/2 inch. Fully grown ler-vae are white and have darkheads; they are about 1/2 inchlong.

Adults of -the black carpetbeetle "have solid. blackbodiesanti brownish legs. The rarvaeare yellowiih, golden, or daric.

-,brown; their bodies are taperedfrom head to posterior, wherethere is a tuft of long, brownhairs; they grow to be 1/2 inch'long. r

Adults, of the other three spe-cies of carpet beetles hive mot- .

tied colorings of white, 'Brown,yellow, or .black. The larvae areelongate and oval; they havebrownish. or black, bristles, andgrow to be 1/4 inch long.

Habits and damageThe larvae of clothes moths

.1-` and carperbeetles feed on wool,mohair, hair, bristles, ,fur,feathers, and dov,Nn. They at-tack clothing and a wide rangebf household furnishings includ-__ing blankets, rugs, carpets,drapes, pillows, hair - mat-tresses, brushes and upholsterY.

Centipede.

,&! .Cleth'esiMoths and Carpet

` BeetlesTwo -species of clothes moths

and four species of carpet bee-ties (buffalb .moths) are serious

``Pest of fabijca in the home.

How to control clothes, mothsand Carpet beetles --

To control theie pests youmust (1) practide good'hatise:keeping, .(2) . apply ptotectivetreatments susceptible artz- --cies, (3) use surface sprays, aini(4) store articles properly.

5;

".. 12

-t

-

rastirials is,to spray them witha stainless householir:insecti.cide containing metho*ychkor,.Pirthane, or Strobane.. The in ,

secticide should be ...packiged,- -

and labeled ler this .-purpos&:,Folkyy directions on.lhe `Con-

. W4-21134 faineitreating troolens, you ,may"._their clothesline and-1-,-..

Aiiiiltilotheirnotb:4, I ,

-:- J --, : :-: haD.- :- ;_q_bcid, ---Itcruie:--CreatV, spray .them lightly and Ann, '+.

youlioine Often enough to pre:. tgrmlY- ivith'inVec.titide until..- -vent. lint, d , and hair from _their surfaces"aremoist. I)o not

soak 'or' saturate them.' Exces-,-accumula g. Give close attenr

_ tion to , ;-sive Spray .may.eause a rwhitt..deposit after the Tatbric,*dries. A

.Rims and carpets.

. ,- - Drdnes And upholstered slight excesedizisit .c4h "be re:3/ furnittre-.-- ' - 0 e. - - me- aping: , -- .

0e- soiled,.h64A * s.A

t-closets, esp.ecially.those in 'which, woolens and fursl, are, . t i.med...before-treat,_

\ kept. i -, :'--- .-.1. hig,rtcyclgnning kills all.stigee ..,-

'1 ...7',-4_,Ijadtators, anll the'suriaies or dothdatmoths and carpet beie: '

behind them. .- , ties; tut. it-,gives -no protectionCorners, - cracks, base- against reforestation; the -art-

clesillhould be tregtedwitlf inr1car.O.,, ;moldings, and other -fseetjcidpbefore stored.hard- to-feach surfaces. '.

4.... .4 An poiTheoacuum cleafier is your old but effective mebest tool for most of this clean; ridding woolen artieles of in;

. ing. After usineit, dispose of, sects andtheiieggs and larVae"' is to brush and sun the nliE.the \iag contents promptly; they

-A, .. - Brush thoroughly, eineciajl __ map-. include eggs,. Is-vae, or,

adult insects. ....e. to seams; folds, and; pockets.; F itIn addition to cleaning rugs' they _cannot. gnd protection:

and carpets frequently, it is ad- from. The light, any , lamasvisable to wtate- them occasion- raisped in brushing -will fall. to

\ ally. Rotationis important be- the ground' km 'clothin, leftinsects .usnaity feed hanging in thd still. .' : -

nnder head piecfs of fu iture_(--3,

'... where cleaning, is d" It, carP g that steeds protective,ratter thalf in,Ae open' Wheregirlar cleaning, light, and

. .movement of people keep down- infeptation. ' .

Protective - Treatments One4 ', iviyqt..0, protect rabiicsy4oihing, . -.

x.

,,- -- 11,opplast. , blankets, and othe susceptiple BLILAcar,ettbeette bxv_a;Jareritteriew.

- +4. 0

If you. stave woolen ;lip 9r

4:,;31)

41.

treatments, ;:,.get professionalhelp.

Surface oprayEr.Treat sur:faces lover which insects arelikely to craF1 with a spray thatcontains' 31 to 5 :pertent of

. premium-grade smatathion or_ .tonnel, or ;4 percent of lindane

,diazinon.You may btly .these

contai rs thlt deliver a

ipsecti-cides 111,-1y-to-use pi.esSur-

coarse spray, or you may buy a'liquid insecticide and applywith a household hand sprayerthat delivers a continuouscoarse spray:4111'4n spraydries it leaveis `a= deposit (thinlayer of, insetticitle), which killsinsects thilt crawl ever it

Surfaces, to spray are es flov-is: Along the edges of wall -to--to-wall' carpeting; behind radiators; along baiej4ardS andmoldings; tin corners;, cracks,and ,pther harto-clean places.

:When spraying closets, takeclothing out of The closet's and

apply the spray. Co corners; tocracks in the floor, walls, Elndceiling, along _baseboards;around shelves; and at the ehdsof clothes rods.

Aerosols.Aerosol containersdeliver a fine spray, which doesnot moisten. surfaces as coarse-sprays do; aerosol sprays cro not'give lasting protection: Do notuse aerosols for surface spray-ing,:

P er storage. -,You can pro-te stored woolens and other

ceptible materials by theseprocedures

See that closets or con-tainers used for .-storage are s

Trade names are used in thisbulletin solely for the purpose,of providing specific informa-tion. Mention of a tirade namedoes not constitute a guaranteeor warranty of the prbdrict by -the U.S Department of Agricul-ture.

made as airtight as is practicsrbid! A closef-should be tightly.

-_ closed, and the cracks aroundthe door sealed 'with -tape -:orrope putty. Protection is lost if-the' doorls _opened _frequently.Cedar chests .are excellent stor:age coptainers chiefly- becauseof their tight -construction.

Plate ""-iia:radichlorobenzens,crystals, or naphthalene flakes

o -or balls, in the closets or con-tainers before sealingthem. As_these chemicals evaporate theyproduce !vapor which, in suffi-

. - -dent_ concentration, kills both,-; clothes moths and carpet bee-

tles. In a trunk-size container,, use 1 pound of crystals, flakes,,or balls; in a .closer, use 1 poundfor each 100 cubic feet-'of space.The .vajors are -heavier than'air. Ttherefore the 'tchemicalsshoulmie placed in a shallowcontainer on a shelf, or- sus-pended from --a clothes rod, orhook in -a thin cloth bag or per-forated container. l --

Woolens can be protectedfrom feeding damage by wrap-ping them in paper or sealingthem in a 'cardboard bok intowhich some of the crystals,

it flakes, or balls- have been pla-ced. Before wrapping or sealing,be sure the woolens are not in-fested. In making ,a paper bun-dle, carefully fold back and sealthe edges of the papdr.

It is recommended-that furs4 be protected from insect den-

age duig the sumrdertmonthsby placing theni. in`cornmercialstorage where they will receiveprbfessional care and can be-in-sured against damage.

12 4

Cod roaches%

Fiye species of cockroachesare known to infest homes inthe :United States. When fullygrown they range .in lengthfrom 1/2 inch to 2 inches, and'vary in Xotor from yellowish orreddish brown to black. s'

',-Habits and damage

Cockroaches seek warmth,,moisture, and food. They gide--during the day in shelterekidark places in the home:am-10come out at night to forage.,They feed on gaibage as well ashuman food% because of this, -they may transmit _human di-seaees, particularly sOmp.caused by food poisoningl-oiga-nisrns. -, '

The female,, cockroach laysher eggs in out -of -the -way pla-ces, in a leathery capsule whichshe forks at _the end of her 7

- body. Some females carry thecapsule .with _them., until theeggs hatch.

kroathes tontarainaWandt?eil htninui food. They -eiiteh and glue, and thus may

damsge fabrics, jiarmehts, ctir4

American tocicrosch.aH t s

..

tains, ilmapks, vapers'and many__other materials.

How to control cockrciaches

:good houiekeeping, and the

&C 21587

use of insecticide When neces-'sary, are the- only certaiir-

. inearls of, keeping your.. homefree oficockroathes.'. What insecticide to use.Dia-zinoilf mSlathioz propoxur, or.rinnelipill control all kinds of'cockroarhes. Lindane willcontrol all = kinds except,

.. possibly, thq Cerman-cockroach(see illustration), which in mostgees has developed resistanceto:theta Materials: If you aretrouplea with the German cock-

, roach, use only ati insecticidecontaining diazinon, malathion,prepoxur, orronnel. You can usea householdpsurface, spray or adust. Forsevezze infestation, use

. both. Apply_ the spray first; thenapply the dust after the sprayhascdried, forcing the dust intothe cracks,and openings difficult

s to ieai with a spray.-Saw to apply. Use an ordi-hary household -spray gun; or

Sil

use one of 'the surface sprayscommonly, sold in retail storesin pressurized ens. Applyenough spray to moisten sur-faces` thoroughly, 'but hot...enough to drip or run.

A space spray_ or aerosol mistcontaining pyrethrum iay beused to penetrate deeply intogracks, crevices, and otherhard-to-reach places; This willrrely- kill the roaches but itwill drive them into the openwhere you may kill thern 'Withsurface .spray or dust.

If you use a dust, apply,with -art ordinary household :" .

-dust, gun.. . . A .1. I ;-

Where to apply -Tot beit re-sults, insecticide must be sp.-plied to plaCes where the,roaches hide. Here are's'om'e

Beneath the kitchen sink .

and drainboard.In cracks around ot under-

neath cuplroards and cabineti,and inside themespecially inupper corners.

fPlaces where pipes or cont.duits pass slam the wall origothrough it.

Behind window or ctooiframes.

Behind loose baseboard's ormolding strips. .

On undersides of tables andchairs.

,10 On closet and bookcaseshelves.

WW1 treating cupboards andpintries, take everything fromshelyes.and remove drawers sothat food and utensils will notbecome contaminated by the insecticide. . -

It is not .necessary to treat

JIG13

3-

....the inside of drawers -if you ;have thoroughly cleaned Ahem.Hoviever, it is important totreat -the sides, backs, and bot-toms oflirliwers, and the insideof the cabinet.

Cricketsihere are a number of species

of crickets. Usually these in`sects are not household peklts.At times, however, 'two spy,ties =-field crickets and housecricketsmay enter homee'Octeasionally other . species- jarefound in basements.

Habits and dansage

Field crickets breed outdoors,where they feed' on all kinds ofvegetation. They inter dwell-ings-late in sumraerFhen veg-etition beConieis scarce or aftercrops been harvested.

House crickets are.most trou-blesome in dviellings .1.Ocatednear city'dumps or other areasthat am, being filled with re-fOse. Largp numbers of cricketsmay developin these places andswarm tO'houses at dusk duringJuly to September. In warni_sli--mates; house crickets may en-.

dwellings throughout the

Crickets" iii the home maychew on and daniage clothingand other fabrics, particularlyif the articles are- soiled.

Hais_to control crickets

Close all openings to thehouse: .Tighten screens, win-doWs, and doors. If the crickets

224-21-510

Cricket.

'still persist in entering, use ahoushold spray containinglipdane, or malathion. Apply itaround baseboards, in closets,and in cracks where the cricketsmay hide. Dusts containing

r these insecticides may be usedon bare concrete floors of base-ments or out-of-the-waylo"Ca=tions elsewhere is the hciuse.

14

}

.

FleasWherever dogs, cats, or others

furry pets, are allowed insidethe house, fleas may become aproblem. Fleas attack humansas well as animals; a 'houseoverrun by them is almost im-possible to live in.

.

These pests feed on animal orhuman blood; they cannotbreed or survive without it.

Habits and damage

The female flea lays her eggsan the pet. The eggs fall off andhatch in places -where -the pet ;spends most. -of its time. In-Ooors, these-places may includea chair, sofa, rug, carpet, thepet's bed, or a part of the.base-,merit floor.

Larval fleas that hatch fromthe eggs develop to maturity. in

.rr4 -

cracks . in ;the floor and otherhiding places. A home may become heavily infested with de-veloping larvae before the in-festation is noticed.

Adult fleas that result fromthe developing larvae can liveseveral weeks without food.This explains why people whoowntdogs or cats having fleassometiines return from a vaca-Cori and find their homes over-run with fleas, even though fewor no adult fleas were detectedin. the house when the peopleleft.

'; Fleas inflict painful, itching..--bites, the discomfort of which

may last several days to a weekor longer. More serious, somespecies of fleas can transmit toman the dreaded bubonic pla-gue and other diseases.

How to control fleas

Fleas can be controlled in thehome by a combination of goodhousekeeping and the use of in-sects

Thoroughly clean infestedrooms with a Vacuum...cleaner;include carpets, rugs, uphol-stered furniture, (and otheritems on which eggs or larvae/11.117 be, Then apply insecticide.

Eli411,110

_._ What insecticide to use.Ap-ply. a, surface spray containing_ralthoxychlor, itralathiont pyr-ethrum, or ronnel., Be sure to'Use-a nonstaining product whenspraying rugs, carpets, and up-holstered furniture:

How to apply. Treat base-boards, cracks in the floor, rum,carpets, furniture, andplaces inthe home-where fie pet habitu-ally sleeps. You may need torepeat the treatment' afterabout a week.

Treating pets. The besewayto prevent flea' infestatiolfs. inthe house is to control fleas onthe pets. dust containing 4 or5 percent of rpalathion or 5 per-cent of niethoxychlot is safeand effective when applied di-I-ectly on clop cats. Rub itinto the 'fur, to the skin.

House FliesHouA flies constitute about

98 'percent of thillies that in-_ vade the home. They are among

the filthiest of insect:I:rests .

Habisierind damage

House Mae' bre8doin,decayingotganic matter and feed indiskgrimlnateli on 'manure, gar-lege, and' the food on our ta-bles. They contaminateeverything :they touch, and'spread many Mimi:in diseases.

How to-controthousefites

You may keep-yOtrOzeineof house IlielOy prasticirigration, using c'screenskOtic?ap-plyingOnsecticide...lf onl3tifew

1 orl-.15

726-21591

: flies are present, you may beible to get rid of them by usinga fly- swktter instead of insecti-ride. ,

Practice sanitation. Housefliesbreed in plarles where gar-bage or manure accumulates.Clean up these places. See thatyour garltige cans are equipped

- with tightfitting lids; dispose ofgarbage at least once a weekmore often in summer, if possi-ble. Promptly dispose of thedroppings of pets. Do not allowfood to stand where it will at-tfact fiiei.

Use screens. Keep housefliesout by placing ,screens inyour windows -and doors. See

4 ;that screened doors swing out-'war&

Screens that have, 14 meshesto the inch-will keep out house .flies; _if the screens have 16meshes, they well also keep outmany smallen insects.

In a humid climate, usescreens of capper, aluminum,bronze, plastic, or one of therust-resisting alloys. In a dryclimate, galvanizefl screens areaat`iafactary.-

Use insecticide.,If you needan insecticide to control . the16

flies lit your home, apply ahousehold space or aerosolspray. Be sure thecontainer la-bel says the. spiay is for flyinginsects; follow the directions:

Mice

-Ai one time or another, al-most every housekeeper findsmice to be a source of annoy-ance and damage. -

Habits and damage

These' little rodents ustinnymigrate from outdoor areas intohomes when the weather turnscold in the fall They eat or con-laminate human foOd, injure.fabrics, wood; and other mate,"rials, and transmit, several hu-man diseases.

. .

How to control mice

The first steps in controllingmice are to seal any holes in thewalls, floorsnd fotnacia ifilizevfthe house, and to see tat foodis not left in .places where micecan get to it.

Small Pfestationa.If there,,are only a few mice in. yourhome, they can usually be dis-posed of with ordinary snaptraps. The traps amid be pia-

,

Souse mouse.

eed along walls, and near boles.?lace them at alight tingle to' -

-"the walls so the_trigger; mecha-nism`wilrintercelit the:monse's."probable route 'oftravel.

,One of the best baits to use insnap traps is peonut butter .smeared over the tiigger_ stir-face. Other good baits are cake, 111-74b1111

_flour, boson, nut raga* cheese, Mile --one of several species that attack:and soft candies :particularly. hmaansmilk Chocolate or ;nil-Orono.

Large irfest9tioniWhere-._Mice are so numerous that 1:zrap-pitigLis hnpraetical, poison baitmay lie -use& Furchise mate-

- labeled for this pufPose.Fofloaa flue directions and ob-

rve all precaution-ton the con-'- tauter label.

Care should be tarn to avoidplacing the materials where

.-- there is danger of contaminat-ing, food, supplies. Pestidides_should never be left whinreach of children, irrevonsiblepersons, pets, or livestock.'

A qualified, pest -control oper-ator (exierminator):_, may beneeded -to obtain control ofmice. He has the- experienceand equipment needed to solve_our mouse problem:

MiteiTh kinds of mifes that-may

bite -humans are rodent mites,bird mites, certain food mites,and chiggers. These pests sel-dom- transmit human diseases,but their bites case swelling,severe-itching, and sometimesfever A chigger attached in a,pore of the skin or at the baseof a hair may become so enve-

loped in swollen flesh that itappears to be burrowing intothe skin.

(\' Clover mites sometimes infesthomes, and they may become anuisance, but they do not bitepeople. .-

Rodent or bird mites can-in-fest and breed in a home whererats or mice di pet birds arepresent. Bitcl mites can also en-ter the home from wild birds .that are 'nesting in a chirdneyor near a ilentilator opening; or ,

I:they may carried in' from a'pigeon or ultrysoop on yourpremises. -

Food mites breed In certain_foods such as cheese and grains,and, may cause skin rash when S.they get ori- humans..

Chi rs breed on thegrou not in the house. -Theymay be brought into theli eon clothing or pets, and ycause trouble for a. short une,but they cannot breed indoors.

Pr:4 entingor relievingbitelYou may prevent mites from

biting you by 'applying it repel-lent' to your person and cloth-ing. the a rep lent containingdeet, ethyl hexanediol, dirnethyl

17

carbafe, or &methyl phthalate;ese are: available at drug;

ware; or .stiorting goodsres. - .

Itching- tied by mite bites7y be relieved by applying atment" containing benzo-e.

Co Lyng /tit' es "-*.T

Yo can rid -your home' ofmiteil, that attack people bytreating infested places with a-household surface spray con-taining rnarathi.cizi:

If you are. troubled- by rodent,mites, first apply a spray to killtlienifthen rid your bonne of the ;

w'rats or mice from which themites come. (See "Rats," p. 21;"IVce,t'-_-p. 16.)

To eliminate the sources ofbird mites, get rid of nests nearopenings in the house. Clean upbird coops and treat them witha:surface spray containing mal-

-- athiofi. .

If food rpites are a problem,fgst get rid- of _the- Infestedfoods. Prevent infestations 'bykeeping all foods well covered,and by keeping_ shelves andcracks free of spilled. food. In-. .felted- shelves ma -I treatedWith- a household sizifa a spray.containing not-moreitha 2 per-cent of malathiOn. Do not con-

:taniinate"food or Utensil.; withthe insecticide. Cover shelveswith clean paper or foil rafterthe spray dries.

To prevent chiggers. from.breeding on vegetation aroundyour premises, it is necessary totreat the lawn or soil with pesti-cide. -This treatment requires

- 18

21:

iolkierVa,nce of special safetypreqautiorts.

For detailed infor ion, likeHome and Garden B in In,'Controlling Chiggers".

Use _assent= cleaner to cap; .

ture clover mites if they become -ntunerouis indoors..

-..

itioisquitties

Mosquitoes diatuib our sleepby their humping, and inflictitching bites. Some_species caninfect us With diseases such esdengue fever and encephalitis.

Habits -

In most parts of thStates, mosquitoes breed dur-ing spring, summer, kid fart. Inwarm, southern areas they maybreed throughout the year.

Water is necessary for theirbreeding. Female mosquitoeslay their eggs on water or inplaces that later becameflooded. ,

How to co-nth:al mosquitoes '

Eliminate breeding places.The most effective way to ioxl-

mosquito.

c "

trol nosq Uito 1Bes to eThaidatetheir breeding plaCes'from youiprenlises. Follow these steps-

- Remove yniaeeiled, tempo -rary water containers.

Place discarded automobile,tires wire water ...a.nnot get in

-them.,.Pjll tree holes-- ifith7

crete.See that-L.-laterite, cesspools,

,septic , fire -barreli, rainbarkell, and ,tttbs in which

'water is, stored are tightly cov-ered.

Clean out rain guttra-andexamine flat roofs after rains tosee that no water remains onthem.

Look for mosquito larvae(wigglers) in the Water in flowervases. Look for them alio inwater that may, coifed' in sau-cers under potted, plants. Re-place st,gnint Tratei. with freshwater.'

Examine fish bowls andeaquariums for mosquito larvae.Some kinds of fish eat the lar-iae; other kinds do not.

Use insecticide, -Adult rads,-quitoes in your home may jekilled readily with insecticide.Use an aerosol spray designed

Ito kill IIying insects. F,allow di-rections Con-tlie container

Certain insecticides may beused also to-killmosquito lamein breedhig places on ypreinises.

For tdetailed information on -. mosquitoes; see Home aid, Gar-

den 'Bulletin 84, "ControllingMoiquitoes in Your Home -andon Your Premises".

1)9,ntry Tisis/Saeral kinds -0f.insects can

infest most of the food prod-ects you keep in 5, pantry orlitchen cupboards. me peoplerefer these pes as "wee-Vtils." Actually, mo of themare beetles, or th lai-vae.'They all-may be "pantryPf--sts-" _

You can control try pestsby using,all of the fol g five

MeaStires:

Deep pantry shelves lean

Food get% spilled. Particlessift out of packages a d stay onthe shelves or lodge in cracksand corners. Insects live onthis material' and get into foodpackages you plate on theshelves later, -Keep t shelvesclean to. avoid this so of in-festation.

0.

Apply inset I

If you axe troubled a per,sistent infestation- o palltrypests, treat your kite nboards with insectici Washthe cupboards first:.

11$41S4S

Flour beetle-,one of many pantry pests.

'22.

r

19

a.

. -

spray conta' g not more than

,

Apply a usehold surface

2 percent of malathion.Before buying this insecti-.

tide, _read the label to makesiir it contains the properamount a active ingredient.

y lightly; do not over-ap-_ p y. . Spray only when the

zhelves -.are empty. When theispray-lities, cover the shelves'with clean paper or foil _beforeplacing packages of food in thecupboard. . -7:

Inspect food packages

Almost all dry packaged foodsare subject to infestation. Ilan-try pests also live in spices, es-,pecially red pepper paprika,ands chili poWder. Inspect all..pacluigeif-for breaks before buy-ing. Do no-putinfested productson your pantry shelves.

Sterilise doubtful products

- If you thinks d;7 food may b4infested, but are not sure,,steri-lize it in the oven at.abo,ut 140°F. for half an hour or in a homefreezer held at 0° Y. or below for

or 4days. Yop may heat smallpaCkages as thgy are. The eon:tents of large packages shouldbe spread on cakepans or pie-pans so that heat can penetrateeasily.

, .

Store is dined containers.

:covers fit tightly enough to pre-,vent tiny insects from crawlingin.'

Powder-Post BeetlesThere are many kinds of pow-

der-polt beetles. Among. the'more common is the old houseborer.' These pests ,tunnel inFood of all sorts, includingframing and flooring of houses,and furniture: Their larvae feedon the starch of cellulose in the-,wood. -

me species of powder-post

Store unin" feated or heat-ster-,dined dry foods, in cleanantetalor glass containers that hevetight-fitting lids, such as coffeecant Or !raft jars. See that the

20

ties attack hardwoods; oth-ers attack softwoods; still othera attack bamboo productssuch ..sts furniture, venetian'blinds, and baskets..

Dit'eCtion.

'The presente of powder-postbeetles -in your home may bedete6ted by any of - several-signe. You may see sae=holes in the wood; these' niaylook like small shotholes or.they_may be g; as, % inch indiameter. There may %e littlepiles of boring* near the holesor, where ove.rthead timbers ateattacked, on- the floor beneath',,the holes. ;Lou may see adult

Adult powdemost beetleoftof wt.end spades.

23.

Q

beetles, to 1 inch long;crawl- garbage- and refuse promptly intightly covered metal con-mg-On-the wood.

TreatmentConsider whether the control

problem is one 'you tan handleporn:self. If you have a heavy.,kestation, or one that is be-Sid paneled walls or in some .

I-other .hard to-reach _ _place it: may require the services' of an

experienced irest,control opera-tor who has the necessaryequipthent.

Also, the wiic;i1 :may be sobadly damaged that its struc:tural-strength is liaf3aired; if so,it should be replaced.-

If the infestation is light and'easy to' reach, and if the Woodis sound, you may be able to -4handle the control job yourself.

;A:Thome-hold surface spay con -taininglinda a can be aikliektosurfaces damaged- by powder-'post beetled.

;.

tainers.

Remove their shelter

Keep storage places iorderlyand clean. In'the basement andstorerooms, stack lumber,boxes, cartons, and other ob-jects on racks at :feast 1 footabove the floor.'

If your house has apiiblewalls with spaces_ betweenjeil-ings and the floors below, makesure the spaces are tightly"sealed. Rats make their homesin these spates if they are ac-cessible.

Rats destrb1 or pollute hu-'man food, 'transmit '.diseases,and damage property. If corxtiered they are dangerOtis, andwill attack people or pets, Theyenter hoMes to find food andshelter.

There are 'four 'essentialmeasures for getting ridgf ratsin the home: (1) Starve them, (2)remove their shelter, (3) killthem, and (4 sell them out.

Starve themLeave no food in open places;

. this includes food in unopened ,cardbdard containers. Place

Kill theirPoisoned bait-is recommended

as the best means of killingrats. PurchiSe a suitable bait,labeled for this purposes Followdirections on the 'label and ob-serve the precautions to theter. PoitiOns.silould never he leftwithin the reach of children, if;responsible persons, pets, orlivestock.

Traps are also an effectivenieans of ki)ling rats in thehome, but their use requiresskill and much .time. Traps Arerecommended -where infesta-tions are very sntall, or as afollowup aft, er the use of bait.

Keep them out.Close all holes in exterior

walls: See that, spaces.rarounddoors, windoVis, and other necc.essary openings are no largerthan Y4 inch,. If rats are a Seri-oustiproblem in your neighbor-

24

Norway'nta species datirrrades homes in the Unitedtatete

.7;

, ,

-.5

-) .hood devices will not ding unless they

.on frequently used doors tr-the, molested.outside.- *.

Where_ rats tos a Neighbor Hove to 9. antra( scorpionsions cr.,hood problem, 'omiiniT;ity actton should be takeupii-sistaride -iniectid4e*T11 'bestshould he asklgif. _your- local -way to keep sarPiOns out of the

=

are

home, or to kill them cif theyboard of health.Peai-emittO opera: Ors (exter- already are in, is to use a house-

h.old surface spray containingrainators}arie trained in control lindane. Apply the spray 'toof rafs..They have had expezi- baseboards., yound window and.-'enc.e.in rat -control and have-theequipment needed- to bring -door casings, and to the

foundation of the bouse.,'about the desired control - ' On the outside, use the spimy

eScorpionsSeorpions ecur usually in-'

southern parts of the 'UnitedStates. Occasionally they enterhomes, Their, sting is p4infuland the sting of some .specieslay be fatal.

-Habits .

ScOtpioni-Ieed mostly on in-sects and spiders. When they

-get into the home, ihey hide'during the day in close.quart-eriin 'closets,: attics, foldedblankets, shoes, and papers, AV-night they seek a place wherewateris available. Usually they Sedrpion; dorsal id

253.

I

alsO to treit-the lower parts.oftree' trunks, stmPps, OfItupber,.,aula rock walls. A via-terbase spray is preferred..-foroutdoor ude;, reads-to-use .household sprays often containoils that may burn vegetaVon.

C autionin If scorpions ,are inyour neighbdrhood; do not havea children's sandbox in whichthe Rests-mailurk.

If a scorpion should sting you,- 411 your pliysician at once; they

first '6 hours after a sting aretlie most critical. -

Silverfish and FkebratsSilverfish -and firebrats tare

.. slender, wingless insects, 1/2 .t.o.)4irich long. They are similar inappearance. Silverfish areshiny .and ativ.er or pearl gray;firebrata are mottled gray. .Thetwo-pests cause the same kindsof daniage.- ,

EN'211A9

Silverfish.

are -high tu protein,' sugar, orciliarch. They eat cereals) moist

wheat flour, any paper onwhich there is glue or paste, thesizing th paper (including wall-pap r and bookbindings), starch -1-

in.e ething, and rayon fabrics."

H abits aid damage.

These insects are active atnight?. and usually- hide duringthe day. Silverfish live and ,de-velop in damp, coolplacespar-ticularly in, basernerits. Fire-brats prefer very warm areas in.the home, such as the attic in

ioummer and 'near the furnacein Winter..

Botleinsects crawl along pipe-lines and through openings inthe walls or floors; they may befound in" any part of the house.

Silver fish and firebrats cause. damage homes by eating

foods and other materials that

1

How to contra silverfish and;firebrats"

Apyly insactiteetn the formof a surface spray or a dust. Theresults may not. be immediate; .but if the insecticide is properly -and thoroughlappli&I; it willleave a residue-that beeffective within a few weeks. Ifaatiafactory, control is notachieved in 2 or 3 weeks,. makeadditional applications.

If you are troubled with fire-brats but not witi\ silver fish;you may need to applriaecti-cide only to warm paris of thehouse.

'23

.

z,1 4p/Aiii#g .sprays.Thito,,.._ a,hinseliold spray containing.z.

diazinon,malathion-Orproixothr.

Apply the _spray' to -blise7- boards,, door aid window cas-

ings, closets, and,placgs Ivhero-pipes g5'through

-Some_sprays have till-solutiq,nbases; do not apply the near

--electrzeiziatars,Vaipilot }'Raines, =or other places 'Ware they mayatart fires.

Applyi4 dusts.:Usa a *dustcontaining not more than 6 per-bent or chlordane,' 1 percent oflindane, or 5 percent of 'inaTa-\ thion. -

*ply the dust with-a -hand2:4.21601 duster. Blow' itiinto cracks aild

cA surfaced of the ;placesrecommended for sprays.

Dusts may be applied safely-toplaces where oil-solution spraysmight start fires.

- 10:11400

Parts-of envelope damaged by silverfish.These pests attack any paper, Inetudingwallpaper, on which Were is glue, paste,*or Axing. '

SpidettMost species of spiders that

accur in the United States arelarnilees to humans. They de-stroy many injurious householdinsects, and aretlierefore bene-,fi_ciaL

A dangerous speiiies, and oneto watch out for, is the 'blackwidow spider. The female of thisspecies is about 56 inch long andshiny black. The front and backparts oLthe body are globular;the legs are long and slendsituUsually has- a red, orange, orbrownish-yellow mark shapedlike an hourglass pn the under-side;but sometimes this mark-ing is of a different shape or is

'absent.

BIS& isidoi spider.

*" the brown recluse, This andSeveral closely related ones

-- are found in viz,rious'States: The7-Arown recluse is known to Cause

sores that are slow.. to healwhenit bites.

The victim may not be awareof the bite for Several hours, or --there may be intense, pain atonce. The . brown reclusefound in a part of the- UniteStates bounded on the east bywestern Georgia nortkvardinto Kentucky and -westward toKansas and Texas. If you feelintense pain continuing after'being bitten by a small brownspider ( %* inch long), call a doe-

, biz- immediately.21602 For detailed information on1174-

'the c_ontrol of. the brOwn recluse. spider, see, Leaflet No. 556,

Hatitts.ctitd damage cause Spider.""Controlling The Brown Re-

4

Black viidow spiders arena"'aggressive; they are shy, butwill bite instinctively whentouched or threatened. The

.female inflicts a seriously poi-sonous bit_e, which can be fatal.Tha9-bite- causes extreme painwhich usually extends,* to theabdcaninal muscles, where it lo-calizes, A person bitten by thisspider-should calla doctor im-

, mediately.Blithk widow ,spiders seldom

appear in living, quarters ofliomes,,,but,often are found inbasements, in basement win-do wells, beneath lawn--bextche or porches, and in ga-rages;toOl Sheds, old lumberpiles, trash piles, sand boxes,and butdcior toilets..--' Another dangerous spider is

Hosv-to control spiders

The following treatment tocontrol black widow spidersmay be used to control all mi-ders in the home:

as from ,around theRemove brick, wood,

tile, or tryard or asement where_ thespiders may lid or hide.

Use a stick or broom .toknock down Webs, spiders, andegg sacs. Crush them underfoot.

Apply a pesticide to -bider-infested areas. Use a householdspray containing lindane. .

Caution.: Do not spray spidersoverhead. A- spider hit by thespray may drop straight clown.but still be capable, of biting for8077W time.

ot.

TermitesTCrrailfs cost the people of,

the United -States many pill-lions 'or-dollars each year in re-pairs to, structures and in con-trol measure&

There are two iltajotkinds oftermites subterranean, and

--nonsubterranean. he formerOccirrs_in _every State exceptAlaska, but is particularly limy-alent in the southern half of thecountry. The latter is restrictedto the potrthern half of thecountsikand the-Pacific CciastStates, 7

Sub rranean termites live innests he grounii, .close to as-sourcenT dad, kind off4n bidtunnelk upward to attack- -the =.-wood in structures abOve them.

Nonsubterranean termites fly:directly to the wood they at-tack, and live in colonies, in city:itiet they, make :in' the :Wood it-self. They damage all kinds ofwooden objects including struc-'turil timbers, furniture, posts,poles, and piles of lumber. `.

The techniques of termite

control are too -extensive for lid-'equate discussion in this publi-cation. To control nonsubterra-nean termites, call a pestcontrol operator. He has the ex- .

porienee and equipinent toidIve the problem.

,

TicksSeveral kinds, of ticks may be

found in_your yard and in other Iopen spaces. Only one kind -oftickthe brown dog tick=fre-quently Infests homes in theUnited States. Mils tick is a

para/iite of dogs. It does not-breed in the woods or in openc:d'untry.

-Habits and damage

If there, are ticks yourhome, they probably are.browiidog ticks that entered on yourc fog

After feeding on the dog,brown dog ticks hide in' placesuch as cracks and crevices, un-der carpets and rugs, uphol-stered_ furniture, -and behindbaseboards. There the female

Termite.,

26

104S111011

Brown dog tiek.

c

311-211144

_ -

Itys 12,,e5 eggs; ind eachitage ofeich successive. generation gf

. ticks eventually finds the dog,feed i on his bibod, and drops oftto seek hiding,nlaces in thehome -;u2d keep the cycle going.

-Brown dog 'ticks rarely .bite -humans; they do no-C.arry 1w-pia disesases: Hoviever,. their

. presence in. the home is annoy-.. irat and they 'can make your

dog's life very uncomfortable.

g tO ebittrol ticks

treatmentalould start withthe dog. Jlave him dipped iii a

th containing' a suitable in-cidel-usually malathion.

nil task may be assigned to aveterinarian.

If you choose to do it at home,buran emulsifiable concentratecontaining 50 percent of mala.,thion. Mix I tablespoon of,the- concentrate with each gallon ofwater. Dip the dog in the mix-'.-tttre: Do not include his head,

" but sponge his ears with' themixture if neiessary.. For alarge dog, make-up the mixturein a bucket-and -pour iWlowlyover the dog's back; mare sureit soaks through the hair to the

0 skin.;The next procedure is to get

rid.of new broods of ticks thatare developing in the home. Usea househoTd insecticide contain.

- ing lindane, malathion orJ,diasinon. Spray or paint it on,

cracks in the ,floor, aroundbaseboards and window casings,on places wherathe dog habitu-ally sleeps, and9n other placeswhere ticks may be hiding. Re-:

<a *3

peat after '*r 3 months. Amalathion spray may be appliedto rugs, carpets, or upholsteredfurniture. Be sure the container,labej states that it will not stain.

Wasps, -The term "wasp" applies to

hornets, yellow jackets, mud --daubers, cicada- killers, and awas known only by- its scien-;Li& name, Polistes. All are'slender-waisted, flying insets.

Habits and damageAll these- wasps except mud

daubers and cicada killers buildpaper nests in bushes, in trees,under eaves, or in the ground.Mud daubers build clay or mudnests, often under eaves. Cicadakillers build sizable tunnels inwell-drained slopes of ground. ,

Wasps are beneficial becausethey kill destrUcti bye ,insects.However, they can inflict seri-ous and sometimes even fatalstings. They should be con-trolled when their nests are inplaces where the wasps are ahazard to human comfort andsafety.

How to control wispsTreat the nest with a house-

hold surface spray or a dustcontaining chlordane. Direct

e insecticide as closely as pos-ble into the nest opening.For outside use, a water-base

spray is preferable to one hav-ing an oil base. Apply it with ahousehold or garden-type appli-cator.,

30<

27

,,

_._ -

nest, and usually will kilt thecolony within 24 hours.

After treating a.Rder-ground nest, throw 'a Shovelful--of _moist earth over the en-&nee. This will prevent* thedying wasp_s from reaching thesurface.

tteatments should , be'bade .at night, when there is

ax,41646 less =danger of being stung...lfWisp.

Iftyou use a dust, apply itwith tt hand duster or garden -type aster. The extension tubeof a garden-type duster may be

to the nest opening;two or t e strong puffs of

person_ having a history ofasthma, hay fever, or other al-lerilit-ist,stung by a wasp, hisphysician should be notified im-mediately.

For further information: onwasps, see Home and GardenBulletin 122; Vontrollirgi

dust. will filter through-the Wasps".es

.

USE PESTICIDES AFELY

If not" handled and appliedproperly, many homiehold pesti-cides- can injure humans orhousehold pets.

Read the kthel.The first ruleof safety in using any pesticideis to read and follow the slirec--tioits and precautions on thecontainer. label. Do this eachtime yoll use a pesticide; don'tdepend on your memory. Manypesticide manufacturers in-'elude leaflets of instructionswith tlieir. _products. Caiefullyread these also.

Store pesticides sofely.Storesticides as --directed on their

labels, in closed, . welldal electContainers, where children orpets cannot reach them. Do notplace them near food. Do not

28

re them under the sink, ine pantry, or in the medicinemet.

Always leave Pesticides intheir original containers. Besure the labels remain on them.If a pesticide is marked "POI-,SON," there will be an Antidotestatement -on the labeL Read it.

Do not save or reuse emptycontainers.

Apply pesticides safely.,=-Vectermin* e the right amount of theright pesticide to_use.

Be careful not tii-getpelti.cideon food, dishes, or cooking uten-ails.

Remove aquariums, -birds,cats and dogs; and other petsand their food and water pans'before applying pesticide. Keep

IR.

chUdreira_way from application. areas.

When the label Warns abreathing pesticidal is or

. dusts, open windows an doorsWhile applying them.

oillbase sprays asthonek:,they werei flammable.

Place poison baits out ofreach of children and pets. (Poi-son baits account for almosthalf of the accidental deaths re-sulting from pesticides- inchil-dreii tinder-12 years of age,)

Avoid spilling an insecticideon the skin and keep it Out ofthe eyes, nose, and mouth. Ifyou spill any on the skin orclothing, remove contaminatedclothing immediately and wash

- the skin thoroughly with soapand water. Launder clothingbefore wearing it again.

-Do not smoke -while handlingapestiCide.

Wash your face and handswith soap And water after usinga pesticide.

If you accidentally s%vail&wsome pesticide, observe any an-tidote instructions on the ,pesti-cide -label and call a physicianat once. Read the label to him,.naming the active chemical in-gredient._ If you cannot immedi-ately' reach a physician by tele-phone, call your ,fire or policedepartment. These agencies canhelp you locate a physician orget you to a hosilital. Some ci-ties have poison control centersat one or more hospitals.NOTE: Registrations of pesti-cides are under constant reviewby the U.S. Envionmental Pro-tection Agency. Use only pesti-cides that bear a Federal regis-tration number and carrydirections for ho_ nla and gardenuse.

/

Do not dispose of surplus pesticides wheri they may be a haiard to*ash or wildlife. Do not discard them outdoors. Do not dispose ofthem where they may contaminate water. If you have trash-collec-tion service, wrap small containers in several layers of newspapers,tie securely with heavy string or cord, and place them in the trashcan.

r,

29

1

I

Several of the h hiold pests -discussed in this bulletin,require _diffictilt methods of control, or procedures thatmay be hazardous,if not properly followed, For these pests,reference is made to publicationi that contain detailedinformation on control and necessary precautions. In someinstances it' is recommended that the reader obtain- theservices of a reputable pest control operator who his theexPetienee and equipment to-do an efficient, safe job..

PAZtfdAi%0/014*IPOLLOW ?Ng 4.4.111CL

-ft!?si mossass Aiabong

Washingtpn,D.QRevised March 1976

For sale byithe Superintendent of DocuMents, U.S. GovernmentPrintaig OfficeWashington, D.C. 20402 - Price 45 cents

Stock Number 001-000-06468-5Class No. A L77:9615

25% discount allowed on orders of TM or more to one ddress. --

30* US. OCNEIVIVAiNT PFINTAG °FRC& 478 190

-33