10038219-Theory-of-Learning-Watson-Ivan-Pavlov-Thorn-Dike.ppt

8/11/2019 10038219-Theory-of-Learning-Watson-Ivan-Pavlov-Thorn-Dike.ppt

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INSTITUT PERGURUAN KUALA

TERENGGANU

(THEORY OF LEARNING)

GROUP MEMBER:

MOHD SAIFUL ANUAR BIN YUSOFF

UMMEE FATIHAH BT AZIH

NASYRATUL FATHIAH BT MOHD FARID


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BEHAVIOURISM (DEFINITION)

BEHAVIOURIST THEORY

JOHN B. WATSON

EDWARD L. THORNDIKE

IVAN PAVLOV


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Born, January 9, 1878

Died, 1958

Watson was inspired

by the work of Ivan Pavlov

American Physiologist


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Chronological of John B. Watsons Experiment

Watson do research and experiment on childs emotion

A small child named Albert was showed a white rat and

Albert want to touch it.

When Albert want to touch the rat again, then Watson madeA loud sound behind Alberts head by striking

a hammer on a steel bar

Albert feel shocked and started to cry

After this situation was repeated to Albert, then he became

fear on the rat, even just the appearance of the white

Albert fear then extended to all objects in white colour


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Born, September 14, 1849

Died, February 27, 1936

Pioneer of the theory of

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Russian Physiologist


7/16Pavlov classical conditioning experiment


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Examples of this theory on learning environment:

Teacher use a whistle to get student attention

during P & P

A bell ringing as a sign of recess time / end ofschool hour


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Born 31 August 1874, died

1949

1898 -Awarded his doctorate for his thesis, Animal

Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associate

Processes I Animals, concluded an experimental approach

is the only way to understand learning

1905 - Formalized the Law of

Effect.


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Theory

Work on the effect of rewards onbehaviour.

Developed Associationisman

explanation of learning as the formationof connections between stimuli and

responses.

Three primary laws: Law of Effect

Law of Readiness

Law of Exercise


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Cats and the Puzzle Box

To open the door, the cat had to perform an action.

The door opened, the cat rewarded the food.

The cat was put into the box again, and perform correct action.


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Trial and error learningan explanation orlearning that states when an individual is placed inproblem-solving situation, the correct response willbe learned through being reinforced.

Law of Effectresponses that have a satisfyingoutcome, are likely to strengthen and be repeated.

All learning involves the formation of connections,and connections were strengthened according tothe law of effect. Intelligence is the ability to formconnections.

The connections between actions and newoutcomes are strengthened the more often theyare repeated. (Law of Exercise)


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Classroom Links

Teachers need to be aware of:

The effects of behaviour on learning, and the idea of

learning as the establishment of connections between

stimuli and responses

The relationship between individuals behaviour in

problem situations and subsequent learning,

represented in the law of effect and law of exercise.

A teacher give question on problem-solving and

ask the students to solve it. Once it done, the

teacher should praise the student.


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Child, Dennis. (1986). Psychology and theteacher. (4thed.). London : Cassell EducationalLtd.

P. Driscol, Marcy. (1993). Psychology of learningfor instuction. London : Allyn Bacon.

Ormord, Jeanne Ellis. (2006). Educationalpsychology: Developing learners. (5thed.). Ohio :Pearson Merill Prentice Hall

Krause, Kerri-lee & Bochner, Sandra. (2003).Educational Psychology for teaching and learning.

Australia : Thomson


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http://medialab.umr.edu/rhall/educational_psychol

ogy/2001/vl1b/behavior_new.htmlhttp://www.sil.org/lingualinks/literacy/ImplementALiteracyProgram/BehavioristTheoriesOfLearning.htm

http://www.psy.pdx.edu/PsiCafe/KeyTheorists/Thorndike.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Thorndike

http://tip.psychology.org/thorn.html

http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm

http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/ethorndike.shtml

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10038219-Theory-of-Learning-Watson-Ivan-Pavlov-Thorn-Dike.ppt