1000 Critical Reasoning Questions

8/11/2019 1000 Critical Reasoning Questions

1/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1

TEST A

Time 30 minutes 20 Questions

1. Mr. Janeck: I dont believe Stevenson ill in t!e election "or #overnor. $e

voters are illin# to elect a b%sinessan it! no 'olitical e('erience to s%c! ares'onsible '%blic o""ice.

Ms. Si%)dak: *o%re ron#. T!e e('erience o" r%nnin# a a+or cor'oration is a

val%able 're'aration "or t!e task o" r%nnin# a state #overnent.

M. Si%)daks res'onse s!os t!at s!e !as inter'reted Mr. Janecks reark to

i'l, !ic! o" t!e "olloin#-

A/ Mr. Janeck considers Stevenson %n0%ali"ied "or t!e o""ice o" #overnor.

/ 2o candidate it!o%t 'olitical e('erience !as ever been elected #overnor o"

a state.

C/ Mr. Janeck believes t!at 'olitical leaders!i' and b%siness leaders!i' are

closel, analo#o%s.

3/ A career s'ent in t!e '%rs%it o" 'ro"it can be an i'edient to ones abilit,

to r%n a state #overnent "airl,.

E/ 4oters #enerall, overestiate t!e val%e o" 'olitical e('erience !en

selectin# a candidate.

5. 6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# best co'letes t!e 'assa#e belo-

7ne ta(8re"or 'ro'osal t!at !as #ained increasin# s%''ort in recent ,ears is t!e

"lat ta(9 !ic! o%ld i'ose a %ni"or ta( rate on incoes at ever, level.7''onents o" t!e "lat ta( sa, t!at a 'ro#ressive ta( s,ste9 !ic! levies a !i#!er

rate o" ta(es on !i#!er8incoe ta('a,ers9 is "airer9 'lacin# t!e #reater b%rden on

t!ose better able to bear it. oever9 t!e 'resent cra), 0%ilt o" ta( ded%ctions9

e(e'tions9 credits9 and loo'!oles bene"its 'riaril, t!e !i#!8incoe ta('a,er9

!o is conse0%entl, able to red%ce !is or !er e""ective ta( rate9 o"ten to a level

belo t!at 'aid b, t!e loer8incoe ta('a,er. T!ere"ore9 ;;;;;;

A/ !i#!er8incoe ta('a,ers are likel, to lend t!eir s%''ort to t!e "lat8ta(

'ro'osal no bein# considered b, Con#ress

/ a "lat8ta( s,ste t!at alloed no ded%ctions or e(e'tions o%lds%bstantiall, increase act%al #overnent reven%es

C/ t!e loer8incoe ta('a,er i#!t ell be 'enali)ed b, t!e instit%tion o" a

"lat8ta( s,ste in t!is co%ntr,

3/ t!e 'ro#ressive nat%re o" o%r 'resent ta( s,ste is ore ill%sor, t!an real

E/ t!e "lat ta( o%ld act%all, be "airer to t!e loer8incoe ta('a,er t!an an,

'ro#ressive ta( s,ste co%ld be


2/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 5

onl, to =.S. citi)ens and to re#istered aliens9 and all 'ersons o%ld be re0%ired to

'rod%ce t!e card be"ore t!e, co%ld be #iven a +ob. 7" co%rse9 s%c! a s,ste !olds

t!e 'otential9 !oever sli#!t9 "or t!e ab%se o" civil liberties. T!ere"ore9 all

'ersonal in"oration #at!ered t!ro%#! t!is s,ste o%ld be !eld strictl,

con"idential9 to be released onl, b, a%t!ori)ed 'ersonnel %nder a''ro'riatecirc%stances. T!ose !o are in co'liance it! =.S. las o%ld !ave not!in#

to "ear "ro t!e identit, card s,ste.

In eval%atin# t!e above 'ro'osal9 a 'erson concerned abo%t t!e is%se o"

con"idential in"oration o%ld be ost interested in !avin# t!e a%t!or clari", t!e

eanin# o" !ic! o" t!e "olloin# '!rases-

A/ >all 'ersons? line @/

/ >!oever sli#!t? line /

C/ >civil liberties? line B/

3/ >a''ro'riate circ%stances? line 11/

E/ >=.S. las? line 5/

. At one tie9 E%ro'ean and Ja'anese co'anies tried to iitate t!eir Aerican

rivals. Toda,9 Aerican a''liance an%"act%rers i'ort E%ro'ean scientists to

lead t!eir researc! sta""sD Aerican a%toakers desi#n cars t!at iic t!e st,lin#

o" Geran9 Italian9 and $renc! i'ortsD and Aerican electronics "irs boast in

t!eir advertisin# o" >Ja'anese8st,le? devotion to 0%alit, and reliabilit,. In t!e

orld o" !i#! tec!nolo#,9 Aerica !as lost t!e battle "or international 'resti#e.

Eac! o" t!e "olloin# stateents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld !el' to s%''ort t!e clai aboveECEFT:

A/ An Aerican caera co'an, clais in its 'rootional literat%re to 'rod%ce

caeras >as "ine as t!e best Siss i'orts.?

/ An Aerican aker o" stereo co'onents desi#ns its 'rod%cts to reseble

t!ose o" a 'o'%lar Ja'anese "ir.

C/ An Aerican an%"act%rer o" video #aes %ses a brand nae c!osen

beca%se it so%nds like a Ja'anese ord.

3/ An Aerican aker o" televisions st%dies Geran8ade televisions in order

to ado't Geran an%"act%rin# tec!ni0%es.

E/ An Aerican aker o" "ro)en "oods advertises its dinners as >Real E%ro'ean8

st,le entrees 're'ared b, "ine $renc! and Italian c!e"s.?

@. Jo!nson is on "ir #ro%nd !en !e asserts t!at t!e earl, editors o" 3ickinsons

'oetr, o"ten distorted !er intentions. *et Jo!nsons on9 ore "ait!"%l9 te(t is still

#%ilt, o" its on "ors o" distortion. To standardi)e 3ickinsons o"ten

indeci'!erable !andritten '%nct%ation b, t!e %se o" t!e das! is to render

'eranent a cas%al ode o" 'oetic '!rasin# t!at 3ickinson s%rel, never e('ected

to see in 'rint. It i'lies t!at 3ickinson c!ose t!e das! as !er t,'ical ark o"

'%nct%ation !en9 in "act9 s!e a''arentl, never ade an, de"initive c!oice at all.


3/900

GMAT & LSAT CR disin"oration?

ca'ai#ns b, Aerican intelli#ence a#ents in 6estern E%ro'e. In a disin"oration

ca'ai#n9 %ntr%t!s are disseinated t!ro%#! #%llible local +o%rnalists in order to

daa#e t!e interests o" o%r eneies and 'rotect o%r on. T!ose !o de"end t!is

'ractice sa, t!at l,in# is necessar, to co%nter Soviet disin"oration ca'ai#ns aied

at daa#in# Aericas 'olitical interests. T!ese a'olo#ists contend t!at one %st

"i#!t "ire it! "ire. I o%ld 'oint o%t to t!e a'olo#ists t!at t!e "ire de'artent "indsater ore e""ective.


5/900

GMAT & LSAT CR @

1. T!e a%t!or o" t!e 'assa#e above bases !is concl%sion on !ic! o" t!e "olloin#-

A/ A circ%lar de"inition o" >disin"oration?

/ An e(a'le o" t!e ine""ectiveness o" l,in# as a ea'on in t!e 'ro'a#anda

ar

C/ An analo#, beteen tr%t! and ater

3/ An a''eal to t!e a%t!orit, o" t!e "ire de'artent

E/ An attack on t!e c!aracter o" Aerican intelli#ence a#ents in 6estern E%ro'e

11. T!e a%t!ors ain 'oint is t!at

A/ alt!o%#! disin"oration ca'ai#ns a, be e""ective9 t!e, are %nacce'table

on et!ical #ro%nds

/ Aericas oral standin# in t!e orld de'ends on its ad!erence to t!e tr%t!

C/ t!e te'orar, 'olitical #ains 'rod%ced b, disin"oration ca'ai#ns

#enerall, #ive a, to lon#8ter losses

3/ Soviet disin"oration ca'ai#ns !ave done little to daa#e Aericas

standin# in E%ro'e

E/ disin"oration ca'ai#ns do not e""ectivel, serve t!e 'olitical interests o"

t!e =nited States

15. Are ,o% still readin# t!e ot!er nes'a'er in ton- 3id ,o% kno t!at t!eDaily

Bugleis oned b, an o%t8o"8ton b%siness s,ndicate t!at co%ldnt care less abo%t

t!e 'eo'le o" Got!a Cit,- Read t!eDaily Clarion9 t!e onl, realvoice o" t!e

'eo'le o" Got!a Cit,6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# ost directl, re"%tes t!e ar#%ent raised in t!e

advertiseent above-

A/ 7ver !al" o" t!e advertisin# reven%es o" t!eDaily Clarioncoe "ro "irs

!ose !ead0%arters are located o%tside o" Got!a Cit,.

/ T!eDaily Clarion%s%all, devotes ore o" its 'a#es to o%t8o"8ton nes

t!an does t!eDaily Bugle.

C/ 2earl, 'ercent o" t!e readers o" t!eDaily Clarionreside o%tside t!e liits

o" Got!a Cit,.

3/ T!e editor8in8c!ie" and all t!e ot!er ebers o" t!e editorial sta"" o" t!e

Daily Bugle!ave lived and orked in Got!a Cit, "or ten ,ears or ore.

E/ T!eDaily Bugle!as been '%blis!ed in Got!a Cit, "or a lon#er tie t!an

!as t!eDaily Clarion.

Questions 13-14 are based on the following.

T!e eart!s reso%rces are bein# de'leted %c! too "ast. To correct t!is9 t!e =nited

States %st kee' its reso%rce cons%'tion at 'resent levels "or an, ,ears to coe.

1


6/900

GMAT & LSAT CR

/ T!e =nited States astes reso%rces.

C/ T!e =nited States %ses ore reso%rces t!an an, ot!er co%ntr,.

3/ T!e =nited States i'orts ost o" t!e reso%rces it %ses.

E/ C%rbin# =.S. reso%rce cons%'tion ill si#ni"icantl, retard orld reso%rce

de'letion.

1. 6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ost stren#t!en t!e ar#%ent above-

A/ 2e reso%rce de'osits are constantl, bein# discovered.

/ T!e =nited States cons%es one8t!ird o" all reso%rces %sed in t!e orld.

C/ 7t!er co%ntries need econoic develo'ent ore t!an t!e =nited States

does.

3/ 7t!er co%ntries !ave a#reed to !old t!eir reso%rce cons%'tion at 'resent

levels.

E/ T!e =nited States !as been conservin# reso%rces "or several ,ears.

1@. Alba: I dont intend to vote "or Senator $rank in t!e ne(t election. S!e is not a

stron# s%''orter o" t!e ar a#ainst crie.

Ta: %t Senator $rank s'onsored t!e latest anticrie la 'assed b, t!e Senate.

Alba: I" Senator $rank s'onsored it9 it cant be a ver, stron# anticrie la.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# identi"ies t!e ost serio%s lo#ical "la in Albas

reasonin#-

A/ T!e "acts s!e 'resents do not s%''ort !er concl%sion t!at Senator $rank is

so"t on crie.

/ S!e ass%es it!o%t 'roo" t!at crie is t!e ost i'ortant iss%e in t!e

%'coin# election.

C/ S!e ar#%es in a circle9 %sin# an %ns%''orted assertion to disiss con"lictin#

evidence.

3/ S!e attacks Senator $rank on 'ersonal #ro%nds rat!er t!an on !e erit as a

'olitical leader.

E/ In decidin# not to vote "or Senator $rank9 s!e "ails to consider iss%es ot!er

t!an crie.


t!e ost serio%s "la in televisions covera#e o" election ca'ai#ns is its

tendenc, to "oc%s on t!e !orse8race side o" 'oliticsKt!at is9 to concentrate on t!e

0%estion >6!os innin#-? at t!e e('ense o" s%bstantive covera#e o" t!e iss%es

and t!e candidates 'ositions on t!e. T!e endless intervies it! ca'ai#n

ana#ers9 disc%ssions o" ca'ai#n strate#ies9 and9 es'eciall,9 t!e obsession it!

o'inion 'olls !ave s%rro%nded elections it! t!e atos'!ere o" a "ootball #ae

or a 'ri)e"i#!t. To re"or t!is sit%ation9 a "irst ste' i#!t ell be;;;;;;

A/ a s!ortenin# o" t!e len#t! o" election ca'ai#ns to a 'eriod o" si( eeks


7/900

GMAT & LSAT CR

/ a strin#ent liit on ca'ai#n s'endin#

C/ a red%ction in t!e television covera#e o" o'inion 'olls d%rin# election

ca'ai#ns

3/ t!e '%blication and distrib%tion o" voter8ed%cation literat%re to in"or t!e

'%blic abo%t eac! candidates 'osition on t!e a+or iss%es

E/ a liit on t!e len#t! and n%ber o" 'olitical advertiseents broadcast on

television

1. 6it! Fro'osition 1


8/900

GMAT & LSAT CR B

researc!

1H. 6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ost serio%sl, eaken t!e a%t!ors

concl%sion-

A/ T!e 'lastic 'rod%ced b, t!e 'rocess is considerabl, li#!ter9 stron#er9 andore aterti#!t t!an ood.

/ T!e ood %sed in 'rod%cin# t!e 'lastic is itsel" in increasin#l, s!ort s%''l,.

C/ T!e cost o" t!e an%"act%rin# 'rocess o" t!e 'lastic increases t!e cost o"

'rod%cin# a sailboat !%ll b, 1 to 1@ 'ercent.

3/ M%c! o" t!e cost o" t!e researc! t!at develo'ed t!e ne 'rocess ill be

ritten o"" "or ta( '%r'oses b, t!e c!eical co'an,.

E/ T!e develo'ent o" t!e ne 'lastic is e('ected to !el' ake t!e c!eical

co'an, an i'ortant s%''lier o" boat8b%ildin# aterials.

5. A ,o%n# an ea#er to becoe a aster sordsan +o%rne,ed to t!e !oe o" t!e

#reatest teac!er o" sordsans!i' in t!e kin#do. e asked t!e teac!er9 >o

0%ickl, can ,o% teac! e to be a aster sordsan-? T!e old teac!er re'lied9 >It

ill take ten ,ears.? =nsatis"ied9 t!e ,o%n# an asked9 >6!at i" I a illin# to

ork ni#!t and da,9 ever, da, o" t!e ,ear-? t!e teac!er re'lied9 >In t!at case9 it

ill take tent, ,ears.?

T!e teac!ers ain 'oint is t!at an i'ortant 0%alit, o" a aster sordsan is

A/ !%ilit,

/ illin#ness to ork !ard

C/ res'ect "or ones elders

3/ 'atience

E/ deterination

TEST


1. elo is an e(cer't "ro a letter t!at as sent b, t!e c!airan o" a cor'oration to

t!e stock!olders.

A n%ber o" c!ar#es !ave been raised a#ainst e9 soe serio%s9 soe trivial.Individ%als seekin# to control t!e cor'oration "or t!eir on '%r'oses !ave

deanded , resi#nation. Reeber t!at no co%rt o" la in an, state !as "o%nd

e #%ilt, o" an, criinal o""ense !atsoever. In t!e Aerican tradition9 as ,o%

kno9 an individ%al is considered innocent %ntil 'roven #%ilt,. $%rt!erore9 as

t!e cor'orations %nbroken si(8,ear record o" #rot! ill s!o9 , cond%ct o"

, o""icial d%ties as c!airan !as onl, !el'ed en!ance t!e s%ccess o" t!e

cor'oration9 and so bene"ited ever, stock!older.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro t!e e(cer't-

A/ T!e c!airan believes t!at all t!ose !o !ave deanded !is resi#nation areotivated b, desire to control t!e cor'oration "or t!eir on '%r'oses.


9/900

GMAT & LSAT CR H

/ An, isdeeds t!at t!e c!airan a, !ave coitted ere otivated b, !is

desire to en!ance t!e s%ccess o" t!e cor'oration.

C/ T!e c!airan is innocent o" an, criinal o""ense.

3/ T!e cor'oration !as e('anded steadil, over t!e 'ast si( ,ears.

E/ An, le#al 'roceedin#s a#ainst t!e c!airan !ave res%lted in !is ac0%ittal.

5. In t!e ,ears since t!e cit, o" London i'osed strict air8'oll%tion re#%lations on

local ind%str,9 t!e n%ber o" bird s'ecies seen in and aro%nd London !as

increased draaticall,. Siilar air8'oll%tion r%les s!o%ld be i'osed in ot!er

a+or cities.

Eac! o" t!e "olloin# is an ass%'tion ade in t!e ar#%ent above ECEFT:

A/ In ost a+or cities9 air8'oll%tion 'robles are ca%sed alost entirel, b,

local ind%str,.

/ Air8'oll%tion re#%lations on ind%str, !ave a si#ni"icant i'act on t!e 0%alit,o" t!e air.

C/ T!e air8'oll%tion 'robles o" ot!er a+or cities are basicall, siilar to t!ose

once s%""ered b, London.

3/ An increase in t!e n%ber o" bird s'ecies in and aro%nd a cit, is desirable.

E/ T!e increased si#!tin#s o" bird s'ecies in and aro%nd London re"lect an

act%al increase in t!e n%ber o" s'ecies in t!e area.


10/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1

. In eval%atin# t!e validit, o" t!e concl%sion s%##ested b, t!e e('erient above9 it

o%ld be ost i'ortant to kno !ic! o" t!e "olloin#-

A/ T!e %sical 're"erences o" t!e 'arents o" t!e to #ro%'s o" neborns

/ 6!et!er t!e neborns in bot! n%rseries ere e0%all, !ealt!, and !a'', at

t!e start o" t!e e('erient

C/ 6!et!er lo%d rock %sic can daa#e t!e !earin# o" neborns

3/ 6!at t!e avera#e ei#!t o" t!e neonates as be"ore and a"ter t!e e('erient

E/ 6!et!er t!e %sic as 'la,ed in t!e n%rseries at all ties or onl, at certain

ties

@. 6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# additional e('eriental data o%ld s%''ort t!e

!,'ot!esis t!at classical %sic is bene"icial to t!e develo'ent o" neborn-

A/ T!e neonates in a n%rser, !ere no %sic as 'la,ed "ared better t!an t!ose

in n%rser, .

/ 2%rser, A contained 1@ 'ercent ore 'reat%re babies t!an n%rser, .

C/ T!e neborns in n%rser, A cried less9 s%""ered "eer inor ailents9 and

#ained ore ei#!t t!an did neborns in a n%rser, it! no %sic.

3/ T!e %sic 'la,ed in n%rser, A as lo%der t!an t!at 'la,ed in n%rser, .

E/ T!e ratio o" n%rses to neborns in n%rser, as 1 to D in n%rser, A9 it as

1 to .

. T!e ancient cit, o" Ce'!esa as not b%ried b, an er%'tion o" Mt. Anos in A.3.


11/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 11

Maria is s!orter t!an 2anc,.

ristin and 2anc, are e(actl, t!e sae !ei#!t.

I" t!e in"oration above is tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "olloin# %st also be tr%e-

A/ Lett, is taller t!an 2anc,.

/ Lett, is taller t!an J%ne.

C/ ristin is s!orter t!an Lett,.

3/ J%ne is taller t!an Maria.

E/ ristin is s!orter t!an Maria.

B. C%rrent "ar 'olic, is instit%tionali)ed 'enali)ation o" cons%ers. It increases

"ood 'rices "or iddle8 and lo8incoe "ailies and costs t!e ta('a,er billions o"

dollars a ,ear.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# stateents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld 'rovide s%''ort "or t!e

a%t!ors clais above-

I. $ar s%bsidies ao%nt to ro%#!l, 5 billion a ,ear in "ederal 'a,o%ts and

15 billion ore in !i#!er "ood 'rices.

II. Accordin# to a st%d, b, t!e 3e'artent o" A#ric%lt%re9 eac! 1 o" bene"its

'rovided to "arers "or et!anol 'rod%ction costs cons%ers and ta('a,ers

.

III. T!e avera#e "%ll8tie "arers !ave an avera#e net ort! o" over


12/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 15

3/ ass%es t!at a 'ositive incentiveKa 'ri)e or a reardKill be no ore

e""ective t!an a ne#ative incentive9 like t!e revokin# o" a drivin# license

E/ is based on a sin#le e(a'le9 t!e incentive 'ro#ra in 6est 4ir#inia9 !ic!

a, not be t,'ical

1. In an, s%rve,s9 Aerican cons%ers !ave e('ressed a illin#ness to s'end %'

to 1 'ercent ore "or 'rod%cts t!at are ecolo#icall, so%nd. Enco%ra#ed b, s%c!

s%rve,s9 leac!87 Cor'oration 'rooted a ne la%ndr, deter#ent9 leac!87

Green9 as sa"er "or t!e environent. leac!87 Green cost @ 'ercent ore t!an

t,'ical deter#ents. A"ter one ,ear9 leac!87 Green !ad "ailed to ca't%re a

si#ni"icant s!are o" t!e deter#ent arket and as it!dran "ro sale.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# 0%estions is LEAST likel, to be relevant in deterinin#

t!e reasons "or t!e "ail%re o" leac!87 Green-

A/ o e""ective as a deter#ent as leac!87 Green-

/ o an, ot!er deter#ents on t!e arket ere 'rooted as sa"e "or t!e

environent-

C/ o %c! ore did leac!87 Green cost to an%"act%re t!an ordinar,

deter#ents-

3/ To !at e(tent did cons%ers acce't t!e validit, o" leac!87 Green

advertised and 'rooted to cons%ers-

E/ o e""ectivel, as leac!87 Green advertised and 'rooted to

cons%ers-

11. T!e b%rden o" aintainin# t!e =.S. !i#!a, s,ste "alls dis'ro'ortionatel, on

t!e tr%ckin# ind%str,. Tr%cks re'resent onl, abo%t 1 'ercent o" t!e ve!icles on

=.S. roads. *et road %se ta(es assessed on tr%cks ao%nt to alost !al" t!e ta(es

'aid "or !i#!a, %'kee' and re'air.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ost eaken t!e ar#%ent above-

A/ T!e tr%ckin# ind%str, !as en+o,ed record a"ter8ta( 'ro"its in t!ree o" t!e 'ast

"o%r ,ears.

/ eca%se o" t!eir ei#!t9 tr%cks ca%se over @ 'ercent o" t!e daa#e

s%stained b, !i#!a, s%r"aces eac! ,ear.

C/ 6it!o%t an econoicall, viable tr%ckin# ind%str,9 t!e cost o" #oods in t!e

=nited States o%ld rise si#ni"icantl,.

3/ Road %se ta(es 'aid b, tr%ckin# co'anies !ave decreased b, < 'ercent over

t!e 'ast "ive ,ears.

E/ 3%e to ,ears o" ne#lect9 =.S. !i#!a,s toda, are badl, in need o" a+or

re'airs and reb%ildin#.

15. T!e %'coin# 'residential election in t!e 6est A"rican re'%blic o" Ganelon is o"

#rave concern to t!e =.S. State 3e'artent. Ganelon 'resentl, !as stron#

'olitical and ilitar, ties to t!e =nited States. oever9 t!e Socialist 'art, is


13/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1liti#ation e('losion? in t!e 'ast decade !as

led to %nreasonabl, !i#! costs "or =.S. b%sinesses b, enco%ra#in# ore 'rod%ct

liabilit, s%its a#ainst an%"act%rers. oever9 t!ese co'laints are based ainl,on ,t!. Statistics s!o t!at t!e n%ber o" s%ccess"%l 'rod%ct liabilit, s%its !as

reained alost t!e sae9 and t!e avera#e s% aarded in daa#es !as #ron

no "aster t!an t!e in"lation rate.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ost eaken t!e ar#%ent above-

A/ T!e n%ber o" %ns%ccess"%l s%its !as sk,rocketed9 i'osin# !%#e ne le#al

e('enses on b%sinesses.

/ Several o" t!e lar#est aards ever ade in 'rod%ct liabilit, cases occ%rred

it!in t!e last to ,ears.

C/ T!e rise o" t!e cons%er oveent !as enco%ra#ed citi)ens to seek le#alredress "or 'rod%ct "las.

3/ La,ers o"ten %ndertake 'rod%ct liabilit, cases on a contin#enc, basis9 so

t!eir 'a,ent is based on t!e si)e o" t!e daa#es aarded.

E/ J%ries o"ten aard daa#es in 'rod%ct liabilit, s%its o%t o" eotional

s,'at!, "or an in+%red cons%er.

1. Ronald: Accordin# to , anal,sis o" t!e national econo,9 !o%sin# 'rices s!o%ld

not increase d%rin# t!e ne(t si( ont!s %nless interest rates dro' si#ni"icantl,.

Mark: I disa#ree. 7ne ,ear a#o9 !en interest rates last "ell si#ni"icantl,9 !o%sin#'rices did not increase at all.


15/900


16/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1

In toda,s 'l%ralistic societ,9 te(tbook '%blis!ers "ind t!eselves in an

increasin#l, %nco"ortable 'osition. Since t!e sc!ools are re#arded as a

re'ositor, o" societ,s oral and c%lt%ral val%es9 eac! #ro%' it!in societ,

is!es to 'revent an, aterial t!at o""ends its on val%es "ro a''earin# in

te(tbooks. As a res%lt9 stance on an iss%e is certain to r%n a"o%l o" one #ro%' oranot!er. And since te(tbook '%blis!ers %st rel, on co%nit, #oodill to sell

t!eir books9 it is inevitable t!at;;;;;;

A/ "eer and "eer '%blis!ers ill be illin# to enter t!e "inanciall, %ncertain

te(tbook ind%str,

/ t!e et!ical and oral content o" te(tbooks ill becoe increasin#l, ne%tral

and bland

C/ ore and ore 'ress%re #ro%'s ill arise t!at seek to in"l%ence t!e content

o" te(tbooks

3/ t!e #overnent ill be "orced to intervene in t!e increasin#l, rancoro%s

debate over t!e content o" te(tbooks

E/ sc!ool boards9 teac!ers9 and 'rinci'als ill "ind it nearl, i'ossible to

c!oose aon# t!e variet, o" te(tbooks bein# o""ered

TEST C


Questions 1-! are based on the following.

6e !ave !eard a #ood deal in recent ,ears abo%t t!e declinin# i'ortance o" t!e to

a+or 'olitical 'arties. It is t!e ass edia9 e are told9 t!at decide t!e o%tcoe o"

elections9 not t!e 'oer o" t!e 'arties. %t it is ort! notin# t!at no inde'endent or

t!ird8'art, candidate !as on an, i'ortant election in recent ,ears9 and in t!e last

nationide ca'ai#n9 t!e to a+or 'arties raised and s'ent ore one, t!an ever

be"ore in s%''ort o" t!eir candidates and 'lat"ors. It sees clear t!at re'orts o" t!e

iinent deise o" t!e to8'art, s,ste are 'reat%re at best.

1. 6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# is an ass%'tion ade in t!e ar#%ent above-

A/ T!e ao%nt o" one, raised and s'ent b, a 'olitical 'art, is one valid

criterion "or +%d#in# t!e in"l%ence o" t!e 'art,./ A si#ni"icant increase in t!e n%ber o" t!ird8'art, candidates o%ld be

evidence o" a decline in t!e i'ortance o" t!e to a+or 'arties.

C/ T!e to8'art, s,ste !as contrib%ted si#ni"icantl, to t!e stabilit, o" t!e

Aerican 'olitical str%ct%re.

3/ T!e ass edia tend to "avor an inde'endent or t!ird8'art, candidate over a

candidate "ro one o" t!e to a+or 'arties.

E/ T!e ass edia are relativel, %ni'ortant in decidin# t!e o%tcoe o" ost

elections.

5. 6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ost stren#t!en t!e ar#%ent above-


17/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1

A/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" voters re#istered as inde'endents is !i#!er toda, t!an ever

be"ore.

/ In a recent 'residential ca'ai#n9 "or t!e "irst tie ever9 an inde'endent

candidate as invited to a''ear in a televised debate it! t!e a+or8'art,

candidates.

C/ Ever, c%rrent eber o" t!e =.S. Senate as elected as t!e candidate o" one

o" t!e to a+or 'arties.

3/ In a recent o'inion 'oll9 ost voters stated t!at a candidates 'art, a""iliation

as an insi#ni"icant "actor in +%d#in# !is or !er "itness "or o""ice.

E/ In t!e last "o%r ,ears9 t!e o%tcoe o" several stateide elections !as been

deterined b, t!e stren#t! o" t!e t!ird8'art, vote.


18/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1B

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# best describes t!e eak 'oint in t!e ar#%ent above-

A/ It "ails to establis! a ca%sal connection beteen t!e c!an#e in oners!i' at

Mainline Aira,s and t!e !irin# o" N%aliCo9 on t!e one !and9 and t!e rise

in Mainlines 'ro"its9 on t!e ot!er.

/ It 'resents no evidence s!oin# t!at e'lo,ee8oned airlines are an, ore

'ro"itable t!an ot!er airlines.

C/ It ass%es t!at t!e 'ro"its o" Mainline Aira,s ill contin%e to rise.

3/ It #ives no e(act "i#%res "or t!e c%rrent 'ro"its o" Mainline Aira,s.

E/ It "ails to e('lain !o t!e 'ro"its o" Mainline Aira,s are calc%lated.

@. At an, colle#es toda,9 re#%lations !ave been i'osed t!at "orbid t!e %se in

s'eec! or 'rint o" lan#%a#e t!at >o""ends? or >ins%lts? t!e ebers o" an, #ro%'9

es'eciall, oen and racial9 et!nic9 and reli#io%s inorities. Alt!o%#! t!ese

re#%lations are de"ended in t!e nae o" >deocrac,9? t!e, restrict "reedo o"s'eec! and t!e 'ress in a a, t!at o''oses t!e tr%e s'irit o" deocrac,.

T!e ar#%ent above atte'ts to 'rove its case 'riaril, b,

A/ i'%#nin# t!e credentials o" an o''onent

/ 'rovidin# e(a'les t!at s%''ort a t!eoretical 'rinci'le

C/ takin# advanta#e o" inconsistencies in t!e de"inition o" >deocrac,?

3/ revealin# a contradiction in an o''osin# 'oint o" vie

E/ a''ealin# to t!e 'atriotic "eelin#s o" its a%dience

. In 1HB9 a 3anis! ten8Ore coin inted in 1 as sold at a%ction "or B9.Eleanor i(b, ons anot!er 3anis! ten8Ore coin inted in 1. 6!en s!e '%ts

it on t!e arket ne(t eek9 it ill "etc! a 'rice over 1B9.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ost eaken t!e concl%sion dran

above-

A/ Since 1HB9 t!e avera#e 'rice "or rare coins !as increased b, over 1@

'ercent.

/ T!ere are onl, "o%r coins like t!e one in 0%estion in t!e entire orld.

C/ Since 1HB9 t!e cons%er 'rice inde( !as risen b, over 1@ 'ercent.

3/ In 1HB9 a 'revio%sl, %nknon cac!e o" one !%ndred coins +%st like t!e one

in 0%estion as "o%nd.

E/ T!irt, 'roinent9 ealt!, coin collectors are e('ected to bid "or i(b,s

coin.

. Merco !as been in b%siness lon#er t!an 2olen. Inc9 7lean Ind%stries as "o%nded

,ears be"ore t!e Fotter Co'an,9 and t!e Fotter Co'an, as started ,ears a"ter

t!e N%arles Cor'oration. 2olen9 Inc.9 and t!e N%arles Cor'oration ere "o%nded

in t!e sae ,ear.

I" t!e in"oration above is tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "olloin# %st also be tr%e-


19/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1H

A/ 7lean Ind%stries !as been in b%siness "or ore ,ears t!an Merco.

/ 7lean Ind%stries !as been in b%siness "or ore ,ears t!an t!e N%arles

Cor'oration.

C/ 2olen9 Inc.9 !as not been in b%siness "or as an, ,ears as 7lean Ind%stries.

3/ Merco !as been in b%siness "or ore ,ears t!an t!e Fotter Co'an,.

E/ 2olen9 Inc.9 !as not been in b%siness "or as an, ,ears as t!e Fotter

Co'an,.

B. 6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# best co'letes t!e 'assa#e belo-

A 'riar, "actor in 'er'et%atin# t!e lo salaries o" oen orkers !as been

t!eir se#re#ation in t!e so8called 'ink8collar occ%'ations9 s%c! as n%rsin#9

teac!in#9 librar, science9 and secretarial ork. Fartl, beca%se t!ese +obs !ave

traditionall, been !eld b, oen9 t!eir salar, levels !ave been de'ressed9 and9

des'ite increased atte'ts to %nioni)e t!ese orkers in recent ,ears9 t!eir 'a,contin%es to la#. Moreover9 alt!o%#! a lar#e 'ercenta#e o" oen t!an ever

be"ore are no enterin# and reainin# in t!e +ob arket9 ost contin%e to

#ravitate toard t!e 'ink8collar "ields9 des'ite t!e loer salaries. It sees clear9

t!ere"ore9 t!at i" t!e avera#e salaries o" oen orkers are to a''roac! t!ose o"

en9 ;;;;;;

A/ labor %nions %st redo%ble t!eir e""orts to i'rove t!e lot o" orkin#

oen

/ societ,s 'erce'tion o" 'ink8collar +obs as less i'ortant and less deandin#

t!an ot!er +obs %st be c!an#edC/ ore en %st be enco%ra#ed to enter "ields traditionall, occ%'ied b,

oen

3/ t!e n%ber o" +obs in t!e 'ink8collar "ields relative to t!e si)e o" t!e ork

"orce as a !ole %st be arkedl, increased

E/ ore oen %st enter occ%'ations ot!er t!an t!ose traditionall, reserved

"or t!e

H. 3eterinin# t!e a%t!enticit, o" '%r'orted 're8Col%bian arti"acts is never eas,.

Carbon81 datin# o" t!ese arti"acts is o"ten i'ossible d%e to containation b,

radioactive 'alladi% !ic! occ%rs nat%rall, in t!e soils o" Central and So%t!

Aerica/. oever9 !istorians and ant!ro'olo#ists !ave evolved to reliable

criteria9 !ic!9 %tili)ed in cobination9 !ave 'roven e""ective "or datin# t!ese

arti"acts. $irst9 beca%se a%t!entic 're8Col%bian arti"acts c!aracteristicall, occ%r

in a coarse9 #ran%lar atri( t!at is s!i"ted b, a+or eart!0%akes9 t!e, o"ten

e(!ibit t!e %ni0%e scratc! 'atterns knon asgridding. In addition9 tr%e 're8

Col%bian arti"acts s!o a darkenin# in s%r"ace color t!at is ca%sed b, cent%ries

o" e('os%re to t!e in%te ao%nts o" a#nesi% in t!e soil o" t!e Aericas.

T!e criteria above o%ld be LEAST %se"%l in +%d#in# t!e a%t!enticit, o" !ic!

o" t!e "olloin#-


20/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 5

A/ An a( !ead o" black obsidian9 %neart!ed "ro a kitc!en idden

/ A 'otter, bol it! a red oc!er desi#n9 "o%nd in t!e r%ins o" a te'le

C/ A set o" #old ear ei#!ts9 ornaented it! +as'er 'endants

3/ A black "eat!er ca'e "ro a kin#s b%rial va%lt

E/ A %lticolored oven sas! "o%nd near t!e #ravesite o" a slave


$ro tie to tie9 t!e 'ress ind%l#es in o%tb%rsts o" indi#nation over t!e %se o" "alse

or isleadin# in"oration b, t!e =.S. #overnent in s%''ort o" its 'olicies and

'ro#ras. 2o one endorses needless dece'tion. %t consider t!is !istorical analo#,. It

is knon t!at C!risto'!er Col%b%s9 on !is "irst vo,a#e to t!e 2e 6orld9

deliberatel, "alsi"ied t!e lo# to s!o a s!orter sailin# distance "or eac! da, o%t t!an

t!e s!i's !ad act%all, traveled. In t!is a,9 Col%b%s as able to convince !is

ske'tical sailors t!at t!e, !ad not sailed 'ast t!e 'oint at !ic! t!e, e('ected to "ind

t!e s!ores o" India. 6it!o%t t!is dece'tion9 Col%b%ss sailors i#!t ell !ave

%tinied9 and t!e 2e 6orld i#!t never !ave been discovered.

1. T!e a%t!or o" t!e 'assa#e above ass%es eac! o" t!e "olloin# ECEFT:

A/ Governent dece'tion o" t!e 'ress is o"ten otivated b, ort!, ob+ectives.

/ 6it!o%t #overnent dece'tion9 'o'%lar s%''ort "or ort!!ile #overnent

'olicies and 'ro#ras i#!t ell "ade.

C/ Attacks on t!e #overnent b, t!e 'ress are o"ten 'oliticall, otivated.

3/ 3ece'tion "or dece'tions sake s!o%ld not be condoned.

E/ A #reater #ood a, soeties re0%ire acce'tance o" a lesser evil.

11. 6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# is t!e ain eakness o" t!e !istorical analo#, dran in

t!e 'assa#e above-

A/ T!e sailors in Col%b%ss cre never kne t!at t!e, !ad been deceived9

!ile #overnent dece'tion is #enerall, %ncovered b, t!e 'ress.

/ A s!i's lo# is a record intended ainl, "or %se b, t!e ca'tain9 !ile 'ress

re'orts are #enerall, disseinated "or %se b, t!e '%blic at lar#e.

C/ T!e ebers o" a s!i's cre are selected b, t!e ca'tain o" t!e s!i'9 !ilet!ose !o ork in t!e 'ress are sel"8selected.

3/ T!e cre o" a s!i' is res'onsible "or t!e s%ccess o" a vo,a#e9 !ile t!e 'ress

is not res'onsible "or t!e %se ot!ers ake o" t!e "act%al in"oration it

'%blis!es.

E/ In a deocrac,9 t!e 'eo'le are e('ected to 'artici'ate in t!e nations 'olitical

decision akin#9 !ile t!e ebers o" a s!i's cre are e('ected si'l, to

obe, t!e orders o" t!e ca'tain.


Monarc! b%tter"lies9 !ose avera#e li"e s'an is nine ont!s9 i#rate "ro t!e


21/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 51

idestern =nited States to selected "orests o%tside Me(ico Cit,. It takes at least

t!ree #enerations o" onarc!s to ake t!e +o%rne,9 so t!e #reat8#reat8

#randc!ildren !o "inall, arrive in t!e Me(ican "orests !ave never been t!ere

be"ore. *et t!e, ret%rn to t!e sae trees t!eir "orebears le"t. Scientists t!eori)e

t!at onarc!s9 like !oin# 'i#eons9 a' t!eir ro%tes accordin# to t!e eart!selectroa#netic "ields. As a "irst ste' in testin# t!is t!eor,9 le'ido'terists 'lan to

install a lo8volta#e transitter inside one #rove o" >b%tter"l, trees? in t!e

Me(ican "orests. I" t!e b%tter"lies are eit!er es'eciall, attracted to t!e #rove it!

t!e transitter or es'eciall, re'elled b, it9 le'ido'terists ill !ave evidence

t!at;;;;;;

A/ onarc! b%tter"lies !ave brains9 !oever in%sc%le

/ onarc! b%tter"lies are sensitive to electricit,

C/ lo8volta#e electricit, can a""ect b%tter"lies9 !et!er 'ositivel, or adversel,

3/ onarc!s a' t!eir ro%tes accordin# to t!e eart!s electroa#netic "ields

E/ onarc!s co%nicate in inter#enerationall, via electroa#netic "ields

1


22/900


23/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 55


107/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1

E/ Collision8avoidance s,stes9 at t!is sta#e o" develo'ent9 a''ear to !ave

orked better in 'assen#er 'lanes t!an in car#o 'lanes d%rin# e('eriental

"li#!ts ade over a si(8ont! 'eriod.


108/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1B

t!e native s'ecies to be#in t!e re'rod%ctive c,cle.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# stateents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ost stren#t!en t!e scientists

!,'ot!esis-

A/ T!e native "is! s'ecies ere still able to re'rod%ce onl, in side streas o"

t!e river belo t!e da !ere t!e ann%al te'erat%re ran#e reains

a''ro(iatel, @ de#rees.

/ e"ore t!e da as b%ilt9 t!e Eerald River ann%all, over"loed its banks9

creatin# backaters t!at ere critical breedin# areas "or t!e native s'ecies

o" "is!.

C/ T!e loest recorded te'erat%re o" t!e Eerald River be"ore t!e da as

b%ilt as


109/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1H

art.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# is an ass%'tion t!at s%''orts drain# t!e concl%sion

above "ro t!e reason #iven "or t!at concl%sion-

A/ Soe "%rnit%re is ade to be 'laced in %se%s9 !ere it ill not be %sed

b, an,one.

/ Soe cabinetakers are ore concerned t!an ot!ers it! t!e 'ractical %tilit,

o" t!e 'rod%cts t!e, 'rod%ce.

C/ Cabinetakers s!o%ld be ore concerned it! t!e 'ractical %tilit, o" t!eir

'rod%cts t!an t!e, c%rrentl, are.

3/ An ob+ect is not an art ob+ect i" its aker 'a,s attention to t!e ob+ects

'ractical %tilit,.

E/ Artists are not concerned it! t!e onetar, val%e o" t!eir 'rod%cts.

B. Alt!o%#! c%sto 'rost!etic bone re'laceents 'rod%ced t!ro%#! a neco'%ter8aided desi#n 'rocess ill cost ore t!an tice as %c! as ordinar,

re'laceents9 c%sto re'laceents s!o%ld still be cost8e""ective. 2ot onl, ill

s%r#er, and recover, tie be red%ced9 b%t c%sto re'laceents s!o%ld last

lon#er9 t!ereb, red%cin# t!e need "or "%rt!er !os'ital sta,s.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# %st be st%died in order to eval%ate t!e ar#%ent

'resented above-

A/ T!e ao%nt o" tie a 'atient s'ends in s%r#er, vers%s t!e ao%nt o" tie

s'ent recoverin# "ro s%r#er,

/ T!e ao%nt b, !ic! t!e cost o" 'rod%cin# c%sto re'laceents !as

declined it! t!e introd%ction o" t!e ne tec!ni0%e "or 'rod%cin# t!e

C/ T!e de#ree to !ic! t!e %se o" c%sto re'laceents is likel, to red%ce t!e

need "or re'eat s%r#er, !en co'ared it! t!e %se o" ordinar,

re'laceents

3/ T!e de#ree to !ic! c%sto re'laceents 'rod%ced it! t!e ne tec!ni0%e

are ore care"%ll, an%"act%red t!an are ordinar, re'laceents

E/ T!e ao%nt b, !ic! c%sto re'laceents 'rod%ced it! t!e ne tec!ni0%e

ill dro' in cost as t!e 'rod%ction 'roced%res becoe standardi)ed and

a''licable on a lar#er scale

H. E(tinction is a 'rocess t!at can de'end on a variet, o" ecolo#ical9 #eo#ra'!ical9

and '!,siolo#ical variables. T!ese variables a""ect di""erent s'ecies o" or#aniss

in di""erent a,s9 and s!o%ld9 t!ere"ore9 ,ield a rando 'attern o" e(tinctions.

oever9 t!e "ossil record s!os t!at e(tinction occ%rs in a s%r'risin#l, de"inite

'attern9 it! an, s'ecies vanis!in# at t!e sae tie.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 "ors t!e best basis "or at least a 'artial

e('lanation o" t!e 'atterned e(tinctions revealed b, t!e "ossil record-

A/ Ma+or e'isodes o" e(tinction can res%lt "ro ides'read environentaldist%rbances t!at a""ect n%ero%s di""erent s'ecies.


110/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 11

/ Certain e(tinction e'isodes selectivel, a""ect or#aniss it! 'artic%lar sets

o" c!aracteristics %ni0%e to t!eir s'ecies.

C/ Soe s'ecies becoe e(tinct beca%se o" acc%%lated #rad%al c!an#es in

t!eir local environents.

3/ In #eolo#icall, recent ties9 "or !ic! t!ere is no "ossil record9 !%an

intervention !as c!an#ed t!e 'attern o" e(tinctions.

E/ S'ecies t!at are idel, dis'ersed are t!e least likel, to becoe e(tinct.

1. 2eit!er a risin# standard o" livin# nor balanced trade9 b, itsel"9 establis!es a

co%ntr,s abilit, to co'ete in t!e international arket'lace. ot! are re0%ired

si%ltaneo%sl, since standards o" livin# can rise beca%se o" #roin# trade

de"icits and trade can be balanced b, eans o" a decline in a co%ntr,s standard

o" livin#.

I" t!e "acts stated in t!e 'assa#e above are tr%e9 a 'ro'er test o" a co%ntr,s abilit,to be co'etitive is its abilit, to

A/ balance its trade !ile its standard o" livin# rises

/ balance its trade !ile its standard o" livin# "alls

C/ increase trade de"icits !ile its standard o" livin# rises

3/ decrease trade de"icits !ile its standard o" livin# "alls

E/ kee' its standard o" livin# constant !ile trade de"icits rise

11. Certain essen#er olec%les "i#!t daa#e to t!e l%n#s "ro no(io%s air b,

tellin# t!e %scle cells encirclin# t!e l%n#s aira,s to contract. T!is 'artiall,seals o"" t!e l%n#s. An ast!a attack occ%rs !en t!e essen#er olec%les are

activated %nnecessaril,9 in res'onse to !arless t!in#s like 'ollen or !o%se!old

d%st.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 'oints to t!e ost serio%s "la o" a 'lan to

develo' a edication t!at o%ld 'revent ast!a attacks b, blockin# recei't o"

an, essa#es sent b, t!e essen#er olec%les re"erred to above-

A/ Researc!ers do not ,et kno !o t!e bod, 'rod%ces t!e essen#er

olec%les t!at tri##er ast!a attacks.

/ Researc!ers do not ,et kno !at akes one 'ersons essen#er olec%lesore easil, activated t!an anot!ers.

C/ S%c! a edication o%ld not becoe available "or several ,ears9 beca%se o"

lon# lead ties in bot! develo'ent and an%"act%re.

3/ S%c! a edication o%ld be %nable to distin#%is! beteen essa#es

tri##ered b, 'ollen and !o%se!old d%st and essa#es tri##ered b, no(io%s

air.

E/ S%c! a edication o%ld be a 'reventative onl, and o%ld be %nable to

alleviate an ast!a attack once it !ad started.

15. Since t!e ro%tine %se o" antibiotics can #ive rise to resistant bacteria ca'able o"


111/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 111

s%rvivin# antibiotic environents9 t!e 'resence o" resistant bacteria in 'eo'le

co%ld be d%e to t!e !%an %se o" 'rescri'tion antibiotics. Soe scientists9

!oever9 believe t!at ost resistant bacteria in 'eo'le derive "ro !%an

cons%'tion o" bacteriall, in"ected eat.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# stateents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ost si#ni"icantl, stren#t!ent!e !,'ot!esis o" t!e scientists-

A/ Antibiotics are ro%tinel, incl%ded in livestock "eed so t!at livestock

'rod%cers can increase t!e rate o" #rot! o" t!eir anials.

/ Most 'eo'le !o develo' "ood 'oisonin# "ro bacteriall, in"ected eat are

treated it! 'rescri'tion antibiotics.

C/ T!e incidence o" resistant bacteria in 'eo'le !as tended to be %c! !i#!er in

%rban areas t!an in r%ral areas !ere eat is o" co'arable 0%alit,.

3/ Feo'le !o !ave never taken 'rescri'tion antibiotics are t!ose least likel, to

develo' resistant bacteria.

E/ Livestock 'rod%cers clai t!at resistant bacteria in anials cannot be

transitted to 'eo'le t!ro%#! in"ected eat.

1


112/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 115

C/ t!e co%ntries "avorin# %ni"or controls are t!ose #eneratin# t!e lar#est

0%antities o" e""l%ents

3/ all o" an, #iven 'oll%tant t!at is to be controlled act%all, reac!es t!e 2ort!

Sea at 'resent

E/ environental daa#e alread, in"licted on t!e 2ort! Sea is reversible

1@. Traditionall,9 decision8akin# b, ana#ers t!at is reasoned ste'8b,8ste' !as

been considered 're"erable to int%itive decision8akin#. oever9 a recent st%d,

"o%nd t!at to' ana#ers %sed int%ition si#ni"icantl, ore t!an did ost iddle8

or loer8level ana#ers. T!is con"irs t!e alternative vie t!at int%ition is

act%all, ore e""ective t!an care"%l9 et!odical reasonin#.

T!e concl%sion above is based on !ic! o" t!e "olloin# ass%'tions-

A/ Met!odical9 ste'8b,8ste' reasonin# is ina''ro'riate "or akin# an, real8

li"e ana#eent decisions./ To' ana#ers !ave t!e abilit, to %se eit!er int%itive reasonin# or et!odical9

ste'8b,8ste' reasonin# in akin# decisions.

C/ T!e decisions ade b, iddle8 and loer8level ana#ers can be ade as

easil, b, %sin# et!odical reasonin# as b, %sin# int%itive reasonin#.

3/ To' ana#ers %se int%itive reasonin# in akin# t!e a+orit, o" t!eir

decisions.

E/ To' ana#ers are ore e""ective at decision8akin# t!an iddle8 or loer8

level ana#ers.

1. T!e i'osition o" 0%otas liitin# i'orted steel ill not !el' t!e bi# Aerican

steel ills. In "act9 t!e 0%otas ill !el' >ini8ills? "lo%ris! in t!e =nited States.

T!ose sall doestic ills ill take ore b%siness "ro t!e bi# Aerican steel

ills t!an o%ld !ave been taken b, t!e "orei#n steel ills in t!e absence o"

0%otas.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld cast t!e ost serio%s do%bt on t!e clai

ade in t!e last sentence above-

A/ N%alit, rat!er t!an 'rice is a a+or "actor in deterinin# t!e t,'e o" steel to

be %sed "or a 'artic%lar a''lication.

/ $orei#n steel ills !ave lon# 'rod%ced #rades o" steel co'arable in 0%alit,

to t!e steel 'rod%ced b, t!e bi# Aerican ills.

C/ Aerican 0%otas on i'orted #oods !ave o"ten ind%ced ot!er co%ntries to

i'ose siilar 0%otas on Aerican #oods.

3/ 3oestic >ini8ills? consistentl, 'rod%ce better #rades o" steel t!an do t!e

bi# Aerican ills.

E/ 3oestic >ini8ills? 'rod%ce lo8vol%e9 s'eciali)ed t,'es o" steels t!at

are not 'rod%ced b, t!e bi# Aerican steel ills.

1. Correctl, eas%rin# t!e 'rod%ctivit, o" service orkers is co'le(. Consider9 "or


113/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 11$ast c,cle tie? is a strate#, o" desi#nin# a an%"act%rin# or#ani)ation to

eliinate bottlenecks and dela,s in 'rod%ction. 2ot onl, does it s'eed %'

'rod%ction9 b%t it also ass%res 0%alit,. T!e reason is t!at t!e bottlenecks and

dela,s cannot be eliinated %nless all ork is done ri#!t t!e "irst tie.

T!e clai abo%t 0%alit, ade above rests on a 0%estionable 'res%''osition t!at

A/ an, "la in ork on a 'rod%ct o%ld ca%se a bottleneck or dela, and so

o%ld be 'revented "ro occ%rrin# on a >"ast c,cle? 'rod%ction line

/ t!e strate#, o" >"ast c,cle tie? o%ld re0%ire "%ndaental ret!inkin# o"

'rod%ct desi#n

C/ t!e 'riar, #oal o" t!e or#ani)ation is to 'rod%ce a 'rod%ct o" %ne(celled

0%alit,9 rat!er t!an to #enerate 'ro"its "or stock!olders

3/ >"ast c,cle tie? co%ld be ac!ieved b, s!avin# tie o"" eac! o" t!e

co'onent 'rocesses in 'rod%ction c,cle

E/ >"ast c,cle tie? is a conce't in b%siness strate#, t!at !as not ,et been '%t

into 'ractice in a "actor,

. Man, break"ast cereals are "orti"ied it! vitain s%''leents. Soe o" t!ese

cereals 'rovide 1 'ercent o" t!e recoended dail, re0%ireent o" vitains.

2evert!eless9 a ell8balanced break"ast9 incl%din# a variet, o" "oods9 is a better

so%rce o" t!ose vitains t!an are s%c! "orti"ied break"ast cereals alone.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ost stron#l, s%''ort t!e 'osition above-


117/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 11

A/ In an, "oods9 t!e nat%ral cobination o" vitains it! ot!er n%trients

akes t!ose vitains ore %sable b, t!e bod, t!an are vitains added in

vitain s%''leents.

/ Feo'le !o re#%larl, eat cereals "orti"ied it! vitain s%''leents

soeties ne#lect to eat t!e "oods in !ic! t!e vitains occ%r nat%rall,.

C/ $oods o"ten %st be "orti"ied it! vitain s%''leents beca%se nat%rall,

occ%rrin# vitains are reoved d%rin# 'rocessin#.

3/ =n'rocessed cereals are nat%rall, !i#! in several o" t!e vitains t!at are

%s%all, added to "orti"ied break"ast cereals.

E/ Cereals containin# vitain s%''leents are no !arder to di#est t!an siilar

cereals it!o%t added vitains.

B. 6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# best co'letes t!e 'assa#e belo-

T!e ore orried investors are abo%t losin# t!eir one,9 t!e ore t!e, illdeand a !i#! 'otential ret%rn on t!eir investentD #reat risks %st be o""set b,

t!e c!ance o" #reat reards. T!is 'rinci'le is t!e "%ndaental one in deterinin#

interest rates9 and it is ill%strated b, t!e "act t!at;;;;;;

A/ s%ccess"%l investors are distin#%is!ed b, an abilit, to ake ver, risk,

investents it!o%t orr,in# abo%t t!eir one,

/ lenders receive !i#!er interest rates on %nsec%red loans t!an on loans backed

b, collateral

C/ in ties o" !i#! in"lation9 t!e interest 'aid to de'ositors b, banks can

act%all, be belo t!e rate o" in"lation

3/ at an, one tie9 a coercial bank ill !ave a sin#le rate o" interest t!at it

ill e('ect all o" its individ%al borroers to 'a,

E/ t!e 'otential ret%rn on investent in a ne co'an, is t,'icall, loer t!an

t!e 'otential ret%rn on investent in a ell8establis!ed co'an,

H. A "ao%s sin#er recentl, on a las%it a#ainst an advertisin# "ir "or %sin#

anot!er sin#er in a coercial to evoke t!e "ao%s sin#ers ell8knon

rendition o" a certain son#. As a res%lt o" t!e las%it9 advertisin# "irs ill sto'

%sin# iitators in coercials. T!ere"ore9 advertisin# costs ill rise9 since

"ao%s sin#ers services cost ore t!an t!ose o" t!eir iitators.

T!e concl%sion above is based on !ic! o" t!e "olloin# ass%'tions-

A/ Most 'eo'le are %nable to distin#%is! a "ao%s sin#ers rendition o" a son#

"ro a #ood iitators rendition o" t!e sae son#.

/ Coercials %sin# "ao%s sin#ers are %s%all, ore e""ective t!an

coercials %sin# iitators o" "ao%s sin#ers.

C/ T!e ori#inal versions o" soe ell8knon son#s are %navailable "or %se in

coercials.

3/ Advertisin# "irs ill contin%e to %se iitators to iic t!e '!,sicalanneriss o" "ao%s sin#ers.


118/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 11B

E/ T!e advertisin# ind%str, ill %se ell8knon renditions o" son#s in

coercials.

1. A certain a,or !as 'ro'osed a "ee o" "ive dollars 'er da, on 'rivate ve!icles

enterin# t!e cit,9 claiin# t!at t!e "ee ill alleviate t!e cit,s tra""ic con#estion.

T!e a,or reasons t!at9 since t!e "ee ill e(ceed t!e cost o" ro%nd8tri' b%s "are

"ro an, nearb, 'oints9 an, 'eo'le ill sitc! "ro %sin# t!eir cars to %sin#

t!e b%s.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# stateents9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e best evidence t!at t!e

a,ors reasonin# is "laed-

A/ Fro+ected increases in t!e 'rice o" #asoline ill increase t!e cost o" takin# a

'rivate ve!icle into t!e cit,.

/ T!e cost o" 'arkin# "ees alread, akes it considerabl, ore e('ensive "or

ost 'eo'le to take a 'rivate ve!icle into t!e cit, t!an to take a b%s.

C/ Most o" t!e 'eo'le c%rrentl, ridin# t!e b%s do not on 'rivate ve!icles.

3/ Man, co%ters o''osin# t!e a,ors 'lan !ave indicated t!at t!e, o%ld

rat!er end%re tra""ic con#estion t!an 'a, a "ive8dollar8'er da, "ee.

E/ 3%rin# t!e avera#e orkda,9 'rivate ve!icles oned and o'erated b, 'eo'le

livin# it!in t!e cit, acco%nt "or tent, 'ercent o" t!e cit,s tra""ic

con#estion.

11. A #ro%' o" c!ildren o" vario%s a#es as read stories in !ic! 'eo'le ca%sed

!ar9 soe o" t!ose 'eo'le doin# so intentionall,9 and soe accidentall,. 6!en

asked abo%t a''ro'riate '%nis!ents "or t!ose !o !ad ca%sed !ar9 t!e ,o%n#erc!ildren9 %nlike t!e older ones9 assi#ned '%nis!ents t!at did not var, accordin#

to !et!er t!e !ar as done intentionall, or accidentall,. *o%n#er c!ildren9

t!en9 do not re#ard 'eo'les intentions as relevant to '%nis!ent.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ost serio%sl, eaken t!e concl%sion

above-

A/ In inter'retin# t!ese stories9 t!e listeners !ad to dra on a relativel, at%re

sense o" !%an 's,c!olo#, in order to tell !et!er !ar as 'rod%ced

intentionall, or accidentall,.

/ In t!ese stories9 t!e severit, o" t!e !ar 'rod%ced as clearl, stated.

C/ *o%n#er c!ildren are as likel, to 'rod%ce !ar %nintentionall, as are older

c!ildren.

3/ T!e older c!ildren assi#ned '%nis!ent in a a, t!at closel, resebled t!e

a, ad%lts !ad assi#ned '%nis!ent in a siilar e('erient.

E/ T!e ,o%n#er c!ildren assi#ned '%nis!ents t!at varied accordin# to t!e

severit, o" t!e !ar done b, t!e a#ents in t!e stories.

15. 6!en !,'noti)ed s%b+ects are told t!at t!e, are dea" and are t!en asked !et!er

t!e, can !ear t!e !,'notist9 t!e, re'l,9 >2o.? Soe t!eorists tr, to e('lain t!isres%lt b, ar#%in# t!at t!e selves o" !,'noti)ed s%b+ects are dissociated into


119/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 11H

se'arate 'arts9 and t!at t!e 'art t!at is dea" is dissociated "ro t!e 'art t!at

re'lies.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# c!allen#es indicates t!e ost serio%s eakness in t!e

atte'ted e('lanation described above-

A/ 6!, does t!e 'art t!at re'lies not anser9 >*es?-

/ 6!, are t!e observed "acts in need o" an, s'ecial e('lanation-

C/ 6!, do t!e s%b+ects a''ear to acce't t!e !,'notists s%##estion t!at t!e, are

dea"-

3/ 6!, do !,'noti)ed s%b+ects all res'ond t!e sae a, in t!e sit%ation

described-

E/ 6!, are t!e se'arate 'arts o" t!e sel" t!e sae "or all s%b+ects-


T!e 'ro#ra to control t!e entr, o" ille#al dr%#s into t!e co%ntr, as a "ail%re in

1HB. I" t!e 'ro#ra !ad been s%ccess"%l9 t!e !olesale 'rice o" ost ille#al dr%#s

o%ld not !ave dro''ed s%bstantiall, in 1HB.

1


120/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 15

a+or eart!0%ake knon to !ave occ%rred near t!e island in A.3.


121/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 151

are still available.

/ 3%rin# 'eriods o" econoic 'ros'erit,9 #rad%ates o" to8,ear co%nit,

colle#es o"ten contin%e t!eir st%dies at "o%r8,ear colle#es.

C/ T%ition at ost to8,ear co%nit, colle#es is a "raction o" t!at at "o%r8,ear

colle#es.

3/ To8,ear co%nit, colle#es devote ore reso%rces t!an do ot!er colle#es

to attractin# t!ose st%dents es'eciall, a""ected b, econoic slodons.

E/ St%dents at to8,ear co%nit, colle#es9 b%t not t!ose at ost "o%r8,ear

colle#es9 can control t!e cost o" t!eir st%dies b, c!oosin# t!e n%ber o"

co%rses t!e, take eac! ter.


ardin ar#%ed t!at #ra)in# land !eld in coon t!at is9 o'en to an, %ser/ o%ld

ala,s be %sed less care"%ll, t!an 'rivate #ra)in# land. Eac! ranc!er o%ld be

te'ted to over%se coon land beca%se t!e bene"its o%ld accr%e to t!e individ%al9

!ile t!e costs o" red%ced land 0%alit, t!at res%lts "ro over%se o%ld be s'read

aon# all %sers. %t a st%d, co'arin# 51 illion acres o" coon #ra)in# land

it!


122/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 155

obtain a co'etitive advanta#e.

3/ I" one %ser o" coon land over%ses it even sli#!tl,9 t!e ot!er %sers are

likel, to do so even ore9 it! t!e conse0%ence t!at t!e costs to eac! %ser

o%tei#! t!e bene"its.

E/ T!ere are ore acres o" #ra)in# land !eld 'rivatel, t!an t!ere are !eld in

coon.

5. In tests "or 'ironoa9 a serio%s disease9 a "alse 'ositive res%lt indicates t!at

'eo'le !ave 'ironoa !en9 in "act9 t!e, do notD a "alse ne#ative res%lt indicates

t!at 'eo'le do not !ave 'ironoa !en9 in "act9 t!e, do. To detect 'ironoa ost

acc%ratel,9 '!,sicians s!o%ld %se t!e laborator, test t!at !as t!e loest 'ro'ortion

o" "alse 'ositive res%lts.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 #ives t!e ost s%''ort to t!e recoendation

above-

A/ T!e acce'ted treatent "or 'ironoa does not !ave daa#in# side e""ects.

/ T!e laborator, test t!at !as t!e loest 'ro'ortion o" "alse 'ositive res%lts

ca%ses t!e sae inor side e""ects as do t!e ot!er laborator, tests %sed to

detect 'ironoa.

C/ In treatin# 'ironoa 'atients9 it is essential to be#in treatent as earl, as

'ossible9 since even a eek o" dela, can res%lt in loss o" li"e.

3/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" inconcl%sive test res%lts is e0%al "or all laborator, tests

%sed to detect 'ironoa.

E/ All laborator, tests to detect 'ironoa !ave t!e sae 'ro'ortion o" "alsene#ative res%lts.

TEST H

30 Minutes 20 Questions

Questions 1-! are based on the following.

Co'anies 7 and F eac! !ave t!e sae n%ber o" e'lo,ees !o ork t!e sae

n%ber o" !o%rs 'er eek. Accordin# to records aintained b, eac! co'an,9 t!e

e'lo,ees o" Co'an, 7 !ad "eer +ob8related accidents last ,ear t!an did t!e

e'lo,ees o" Co'an, F. T!ere"ore9 e'lo,ees o" Co'an, 7 are less likel, to !ave+ob8related accidents t!an are e'lo,ees o" Co'an, F.

1. 6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ost stren#t!en t!e concl%sion above-

A/ Co'an, F an%"act%res 'rod%cts t!at are ore !a)ardo%s "or orkers to

'rod%ce t!an does Co'an, 7.

/ Co'an, F !olds ore sa"et, ins'ections t!an does Co'an, 7.

C/ Co'an, F aintains a ore odern in"irar, t!an does Co'an, 7.

3/ Co'an, 7 'aid ore "or ne +ob8related edical clais t!an did Co'an,

F.


123/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 15'overt,? as t!o%#! it !ad a 'recise and %niversall,

acce'ted eanin#.

C/ It overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e n%ber o" 'eo'le in t!e to co%ntries

!o live in 'overt, co%ld be t!e sae even t!o%#! t!e 'ercenta#es o" t!e

to 'o'%lations t!at live in 'overt, di""er arkedl,.


177/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1

3/ It "ails to s!o t!at ealt! and 'overt, !ave t!e sae social si#ni"icance in

%'tala as in a!lton.

E/ It does not consider t!e 'ossibilit, t!at incoes in %'tala9 %nlike t!ose in

a!lton9 i#!t all be ver, close to t!e co%ntr,s avera#e 'er ca'ita incoe.

. 2orall,9 increases in t!e 'rice o" a 'rod%ct decrease its sales e(ce't !en t!e

'rice increase acco'anies an i'roveent in t!e 'rod%ct. 6ine is %n%s%al9

!oever. 7"ten increases in t!e 'rice o" a 'artic%lar 'rod%cers ine ill res%lt in

increased sales9 even !en t!e ine itsel" is %nc!an#ed.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 does ost to e('lain t!e anoal, described

above-

A/ T!e retail ine arket is c!aracteri)ed b, an e(treel, ide ran#e o"

co'etin# 'rod%cts.

/ Man, cons%ers ake decisions abo%t !ic! ines to '%rc!ase on t!e basiso" revies o" ine '%blis!ed in books and 'eriodicals.

C/ Cons%ers selectin# ine in a store o"ten %se t!e 'rice c!ar#ed as t!eir ain

#%ide to t!e ines 0%alit,.

3/ 6ine retailers and 'rod%cers can #enerall, increase t!e sales o" a 'artic%lar

ine te'oraril, b, introd%cin# a 'rice disco%nt.

E/ Cons%ers !o '%rc!ase ine re#%larl, #enerall, !ave stron# o'inions

abo%t !ic! ines t!e, 're"er.

B. T!e recent decline in land 'rices !as !%rt an, instit%tions t!at !ad invested

!eavil, in real estate. Last ,ear9 be"ore t!e decline be#an9 a local colle#e added

59 acres to its !oldin#s. T!e colle#e9 !oever9 did not '%rc!ase t!e land b%t

received it as a #i"t. T!ere"ore t!e 'rice decline ill 'robabl, not a""ect t!e

colle#e.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 casts ost do%bt on t!e concl%sion above-

A/ T!e 59 acres t!at t!e colle#e as #iven last ,ear are located it!in t!e

sae co%nit, as t!e colle#e itsel".

/ T!e colle#e %s%all, receives ore contrib%tions o" one, t!an o" real estate.

C/ Land 'rices in t!e re#ion in !ic! t!e colle#e is located are c%rrentl, !i#!er

t!an t!e national avera#e.

3/ Last ,ear9 t!e ao%nt t!at t!e colle#e allocated to 'a, "or renovations

incl%ded one, it e('ected to receive b, sellin# soe o" its land t!is ,ear.

E/ Last ,ear9 t!e colle#e 'aid no 'ro'ert, ta(es on land occ%'ied b, colle#e

b%ildin#s b%t instead 'aid "ees to co'ensate t!e local #overnent "or

services 'rovided.

H. Civil trials o"ten involve #reat co'le(ities t!at are be,ond t!e ca'acities o"

+%rors to %nderstand. As a res%lt9 +%rors decisions in s%c! trials are "re0%entl,

incorrect. J%stice o%ld t!ere"ore be better served i" t!e ore co'le( trials ere


178/900


179/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1H

co""ee t!e, sell

C/ reeo sells ore co""ee t!an does an, ot!er co'an,

3/ reeos co""ee is t!e ost e('ensive blended co""ee available toda,

E/ t!e best %nblended co""ee is better t!an t!e best blended co""ee

15. T!e onl, '%r'ose "or !ic! a 'artic%lar t,'e o" ta'e is needed is to !old certain

s%r#ical o%nds closed "or ten da,sKt!e a(i% tie s%c! o%nds need ta'e.

2eta'e is a ne brand o" t!is t,'e o" ta'e. 2eta'es sales'eo'le clai t!at

2eta'e ill i'rove !ealin# beca%se 2eta'e ad!eres tice as lon# as t!e

c%rrentl, %sed ta'e does.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# stateents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ost serio%sl, call into

0%estion t!e clai ade b, 2eta'es sales'eo'le-

A/ Most s%r#ical o%nds take abo%t ten da,s to !eal.

/ Most s%r#ical ta'e is '%rc!ased b, !os'itals and clinics rat!er t!an b,individ%al s%r#eons.

C/ T!e c%rrentl, %sed ta'es ad!esiveness is ore t!an s%""icient to !old

o%nds closed "or ten da,s.

3/ 2eit!er 2eta'e nor t!e c%rrentl, %sed ta'e ad!eres ell to skin t!at !as not

been cleaned.

E/ 2eta'es ad!esion to skin t!at !as been coated it! a s'ecial c!eical

're'aration is onl, !al" as #ood as t!e c%rrentl, %sed ta'es ad!esion to s%c!

coated skin.

1


180/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1B

1. In order to increase reven%es9 an air'ort 'lans to c!an#e t!e 'arkin# "ees it

c!ar#es at its !o%rl, 'arkin# lots. Rat!er t!an c!ar#in# 5. "or t!e "irst to8

!o%r 'eriod9 or 'art t!ereo"9 and 1. "or eac! !o%r t!erea"ter9 t!e air'ort ill

c!ar#e . "or t!e "irst "o%r8!o%r 'eriod9 or 'art t!ereo"9 and 1. "or eac!

!o%r t!erea"ter.6!ic! o" t!e "olloin# is a consideration t!at9 i" tr%e9 s%##ests t!at t!e 'lan ill

be s%ccess"%l in increasin# reven%es-

A/ 4er, "e 'eo'le !o 'ark t!eir cars at t!e !o%rl, 'arkin# lot at t!e air'ort

leave t!eir cars "or ore t!an to !o%rs at a tie.

/ 7ver t!e 'ast several ,ears9 t!e cost to t!e air'ort o" o'eratin# its !o%rl,

'arkin# "acilities !as been #reater t!an t!e reven%es it !as received "ro

t!e.

C/ Feo'le !o leave t!eir cars at t!e air'ort !ile on a tri' #enerall, 'ark t!eir

cars in lots t!at c!ar#e b, t!e da, rat!er t!an b, t!e !o%r.

3/ A si#ni"icant 'ortion o" t!e one, s'ent to o'erate t!e air'ort 'arkin# lot is

s'ent to aintain t!e "acilities rat!er t!an to 'a, t!e salaries o" t!e

'ersonnel !o collect t!e 'arkin# "ees.

E/ T!e !o%rl, 'arkin# lots at t!e air'ort !ave recentl, been e('anded and are

t!ere"ore rarel, "illed to ca'acit,.

1@. In t!e co%rse o" !er researc!es9 a !istorian recentl, "o%nd to doc%ents

entionin# t!e sae 'erson9 Eric! Sc!nit)ler. 7ne9 dated Ma,


181/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1B1

/ T!e s%'erstores !eav, advertisin# o" t!eir lo 'rices !as "orced 'rices don

t!ro%#!o%t t!e retail arket "or o""ice s%''lies.

C/ Soe o" t!e s%'erstores t!at onl, recentl, o'ened !ave t!eselves #one o%t

o" b%siness.

3/ Most o" t!e o""ice e0%i'ent s%'erstores are oned b, lar#e retailin# c!ains

t!at also on stores sellin# ot!er t,'es o" #oods.

E/ T!e #roin# i'ortance o" co'%ters in ost o""ices !as c!an#ed t!e kind

o" o""ice e0%i'ent retailers %st stock.

TEST 1

25 Minutes 16 Questions

1. A re'ort on acid rain concl%ded9 >Most "orests in Canada are not bein# daa#ed

b, acid rain.? Critics o" t!e re'ort insist t!e concl%sion be c!an#ed to9 >Most

"orests in Canada do not s!o visible s,'tos o" daa#e b, acid rain9 s%c! asabnoral loss o" leaves9 sloer rates o" #rot!9 or !i#!er ortalit,.?

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e best lo#ical +%sti"ication "or t!e

critics insistence t!at t!e re'orts concl%sion be c!an#ed-

A/ Soe "orests in Canada are bein# daa#ed b, acid rain.

/ Acid rain co%ld be ca%sin# daa#e "or !ic! s,'tos !ave not ,et becoe

visible.

C/ T!e re'ort does not co'are acid rain daa#e to Canadian "orests it! acid

rain daa#e to "orests in ot!er co%ntries.

3/ All "orests in Canada !ave received acid rain d%rin# t!e 'ast "i"teen ,ears.

E/ T!e severit, o" daa#e b, acid rain di""ers "ro "orest to "orest.

5. In t!e 'ast ost airline co'anies inii)ed aircra"t ei#!t to inii)e "%el

costs. T!e sa"est airline seats ere !eav,9 and airlines e0%i''ed t!eir 'lanes it!

"e o" t!ese seats. T!is ,ear t!e seat t!at !as sold best to airlines !as been t!e

sa"est oneKa clear indication t!at airlines are assi#nin# a !i#!er 'riorit, to sa"e

seatin# t!an to inii)in# "%el costs.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%ent above-

A/ Last ,ears best8sellin# airline seat as not t!e sa"est airline seat on t!earket.

/ 2o airline co'an, !as anno%nced t!at it o%ld be akin# sa"e seatin# a

!i#!er 'riorit, t!is ,ear.

C/ T!e 'rice o" "%el as !i#!er t!is ,ear t!an it !ad been in ost o" t!e ,ears

!en t!e sa"est airline seats sold 'oorl,.

3/ eca%se o" increases in t!e cost o" aterials9 all airline seats ere ore

e('ensive to an%"act%re t!is ,ear t!an in an, 'revio%s ,ear.

E/ eca%se o" tec!nolo#ical innovations9 t!e sa"est airline seat on t!e arket

t!is ,ear ei#!ed less t!an ost ot!er airline seats on t!e arket.


182/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1B5


183/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 1Bener#etic disassebl,? is not necessaril, o%t o" 'lace in

describin# a controlled rat!er t!an an accidental e('losion.

H. Mannis Cor'orations arc!ival records are stored in an obsolete "orat t!at is

accessible onl, b, its c%rrent co'%ter s,steD t!%s t!e, are inaccessible !en

t!at s,ste is not "%nctionin# 'ro'erl,. In order to avoid t!e 'ossibilit, o" losin#

access to t!eir arc!ival records in t!e case o" co'%ter al"%nction9 Mannis 'lans

to re'lace its c%rrent co'%ter s,ste it! a ne s,ste t!at stores records in a

"orat t!at is accessible to several di""erent s,stes.

T!e anser to !ic! o" t!e "olloin# 0%estions o%ld be ost !el'"%l in

eval%atin# t!e e""ectiveness o" t!e 'lan as a eans o" retainin# access to t!e

arc!ival records-

A/ 6ill t!e ne co'%ter s,ste re0%ire "eer o'erators t!an t!e c%rrent

s,ste re0%ires-

/ as Mannis Cor'oration ala,s stored its arc!ival records in a co'%teri)ed

"orat-

C/ 6ill t!e ne co'%ter s,ste t!at Mannis 'lans ens%re #reater sec%rit, "or

t!e records stored t!an does Mannis c%rrent s,ste-

3/ 6ill Mannis c%rrent collection o" arc!ival records be readil, trans"erable to

t!e ne co'%ter s,ste-

E/ 6ill t!e ne co'%ter s,ste be able to 'er"or an, ore tasks t!an t!e

c%rrent s,ste is able to 'er"or-

1. Last ,ear t!e orldide 'a'er ind%str, %sed over tice as %c! "res! '%l' '%l'ade directl, "ro ra 'lant "ibers/ as rec,cled '%l' '%l' ade "ro

aste'a'er/. A 'a'er8ind%str, anal,st !as 'ro+ected t!at b, 51 t!e ind%str, ill

%se at least as %c! rec,cled '%l' ann%all, as it does "res! '%l'9 !ile %sin# a

#reater 0%antit, o" "res! '%l' t!an it did last ,ear.

I" t!e in"oration above is correct and t!e anal,sts 'ro+ections 'rove to be

acc%rate9 !ic! o" t!e "olloin# 'ro+ections %st also be acc%rate-

A/ In 51 t!e 'a'er ind%str, ill %se at least tice as %c! rec,cled '%l' as it

did last ,ears.

/ In 51 t!e 'a'er ind%str, ill %se at least tice as %c! total '%l' as it didlast ,ear.

C/ In 51 t!e 'a'er ind%str, ill 'rod%ce ore 'a'er "ro a #iven ao%nt o"

'%l' t!an it did last ,ear.

3/ As co'ared it! last ,ear9 in 51 t!e 'a'er ind%str, ill ake ore 'a'er

t!at contains onl, rec,cled '%l'.

E/ As co'ared it! last ,ear9 in 51 t!e 'a'er ind%str, ill ake less 'a'er

t!at contains onl, "res! '%l'.

11. In alaria8in"ested areas9 an, c!ildren tend to s%""er several bo%ts o" alariabe"ore becoin# i%ne to t!e disease. Clearl,9 !at %st be !a''enin# is t!at


206/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 5

t!ose c!ildrens i%ne s,stes are onl, eakl, sti%lated b, an, sin#le

e('os%re to t!e alaria 'arasite and need to be c!allen#ed several ties to

'rod%ce an e""ective i%ne res'onse.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 ost serio%sl, %nderines t!e e('lanator,

!,'ot!esis-

A/ Iediatel, a"ter a c!ild !as s%""ered a bo%t o" alaria9 t!e c!ilds

care#ivers tend to #o to #reat len#t!s in takin# 'reca%tions to 'revent

anot!er in"ection9 b%t t!is level o" attention is not s%stained.

/ Malaria is s'read "ro 'erson to 'erson b, os0%itoes9 and os0%itoes !ave

becoe increasin#l, resistant to t!e 'esticides %sed to control t!e.

C/ A certain #ene9 i" in!erited b, c!ildren "ro onl, one o" t!eir 'arents9 can

render t!ose c!ildren lar#el, i%ne to in"ection it! alaria.

3/ Antialaria vaccines9 o" !ic! several are in develo'ent9 are all desi#ned

to ork b, sti%latin# t!e bod,s i%ne s,ste.

E/ T!ere are several distinct strains o" alaria9 and t!e bod,s i%ne res'onse

to an, one o" t!e does not 'rotect it a#ainst t!e ot!ers.

15. An advertiseent desi#ned to convince readers o" t!e #reat d%rabilit, o"

a%toobiles an%"act%red b, t!e 3el%(e Motor Car Co'an, cites as evidence

t!e "act t!at over !al" o" all a%toobiles b%ilt b, t!e co'an, since 1H are still

on t!e road toda,9 co'ared to no ore t!an a t!ird "or an, ot!er an%"act%rer.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e advertiseents

ar#%ent-A/ A"ter takin# in"lation into acco%nt9 a ne 3el%(e a%toobile costs onl,

sli#!tl, ore t!an a ne odel did in 1H.

/ T!e n%ber o" a%toobiles b%ilt b, 3el%(e eac! ,ear !as not increased

s!ar'l, since 1H.

C/ 7ners o" 3el%(e a%toobiles t,'icall, kee' t!eir cars ell aintained.

3/ Since 1H9 3el%(e !as ade "eer c!an#es in t!e a%toobiles it

an%"act%res t!an ot!er car co'anies !ave ade in t!eir a%toobiles.

E/ 3el%(e a%toobiles !ave been sellin# at relativel, stable 'rices in recent

,ears.

1


207/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 5

vote is %na""ected b, !et!er t!e candidates r%n television advertiseents

or not.

C/ Fro'onents o" 'olicies t!at are o''osed b, ealt!, s'ecial8interest #ro%'s

are o"ten %nable to a""ord advertisin# tie on local television stations.

3/ 3i""erent s'ecial8interest #ro%'s o"ten take o''osin# 'ositions on 0%estions

o" !ic! 'olicies t!e state s!o%ld ado't.

E/ Television stations are rel%ctant to becoe associated it! an, one 'olitical

o'inion9 "or "ear o" losin# vieers !o do not s!are t!at o'inion.

1. Advertiseent: 7" t!e an, over8t!e8co%nter edications arketed "or t!e relie"

o" sin%s !eadac!e. SineEase costs t!e least 'er dose. And SineEase is as e""ective

'er dose as t!e ost e""ective o" t!ose ot!er edications. So "or relie" "ro sin%s

!eadac!es9 SineEase is t!e best b%,.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%ent above-A/ Most o" t!e over8t!e8co%nter edications arketed "or t!e relie" o" sin%s

!eadac!e are e0%all, e""ective 'er dose in 'rovidin# s%c! relie".

/ Man, o" t!e over8t!e8co%nter edications arketed "or t!e relie" o" sin%s

!eadac!e contain t!e sae active in#redient as SineEase.

C/ Feo'le !o s%""er "ro "re0%ent sin%s !eadac!es are stron#l, advised to

cons%lt a doctor be"ore takin# an, over8t!e8co%nter edication.

3/ An over8t!e8co%nter edication t!at is arketed "or t!e relie" o" s,'tos

o" !ead cold is identical in co'osition to SineEase b%t costs less 'er dose.

E/ T!e 'er dose 'rice "or an, #iven over8t!e8co%nter edication arketed "or

t!e relie" o" sin%s !eadac!e is !i#!er "or saller 'acka#es t!an it is "or

lar#er 'acka#es.

1@. In t!e =nited States9 vacationers acco%nt "or ore t!an !al" o" all visitors to !at

are tec!nicall, called >'%re a0%ari%s? b%t "or "eer t!an one 0%arter o" all

visitors to )oos9 !ic! %s%all, incl%de a >)oo a0%ari%? o" relativel, odest

sco'e.

6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 ost !el's to acco%nt "or t!e di""erence

described above beteen visitors to )oos and visitors to '%re a0%ari%s-

A/ In cities t!at !ave bot! a )oo and a '%re a0%ari%9 local residents are tice

as likel, to visit t!e a0%ari% as t!e, are to visit t!e )oo.

/ 4irt%all, all lar#e etro'olitan areas !ave )oos9 !ereas onl, a "e lar#e

etro'olitan areas !ave '%re a0%ari%s.

C/ 7ver t!e last ten ,ears9 nel, constr%cted '%re a0%ari%s !ave o%tn%bered

nel, establis!ed )oos b, a "actor o" to to one.

3/ Feo'le !o visit a )oo in a #iven ,ear are to ties ore likel, to visit a

'%re a0%ari% t!at ,ear t!an are 'eo'le !o do not visit a )oo.

E/ T!e )oo a0%ari%s o" )oos t!at are in t!e sae cit, as a '%re a0%ari% tendto be saller t!an t!e a0%ari%s o" )oos t!at !ave no '%re a0%ari% nearb,.


208/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 5B

1. 6!ic! o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 is t!e ost lo#ical co'letion o" t!e ar#%ent

belo-

T!e ta( s,ste o" t!e Re'%blic o" Grootland enco%ra#es borroin# b, #rantin#

its ta('a,ers ta( relie" "or interest 'aid on loans. T!e s,ste also disco%ra#es

savin# b, ta(in# an, interest earned on savin#s. 2evert!eless9 it is clear t!atGrootlands ta( s,ste does not consistentl, "avor borroin# over savin#9 "or i"

it did9 t!ere o%ld be no;;;;;;

A/ ta( relie" in Grootland "or t!ose 'ortions o" a ta('a,ers incoe9 i" an,9 t!at

are set aside to increase t!at ta('a,ers total savin#s

/ ta( relie" in Grootland "or t!e 'rocessin# "ees t!at ta('a,ers 'a, to lendin#

instit%tions !en obtainin# certain kinds o" loans

C/ ta( relie" in Grootland "or interest t!at ta('a,ers are c!ar#ed on t!e %n'aid

balance in credit card acco%nts

3/ ta(es d%e in Grootland on t!e cas! val%e o" #i"ts received b, ta('a,ers "ro

banks tr,in# to enco%ra#e 'eo'le to o'en savin#s acco%nts

E/ ta(es d%e in Grootland on t!e ao%nt t!at a ta('a,er !as invested in interest8

bearin# savin#s acco%nts


209/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 5H

LSAT

TEST 1

SECTI72 I


Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief

statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably

answer the question. owever, you are to choose the best answer! that is, the response that most

accurately and completely answers the question. "ou should not ma#e assumptions that are by

commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. $fter you

have chosen the best answer, blac#en the corresponding space on your answer sheet.

1. Mr. 6est: 6ell9 Ms. Sit!9 b, !o %c! do ,o% 'lan to increase ,o%r donation

to t!e c%lt%ral societ, t!is ,ear- *o% kno !o an, ort!!ile 'ro+ects e do.

Ms. Sit!: I not so s%re o" t!at. I as ver, %'set abo%t t!e stat%e ,o%

'%rc!ased last ont!. I t!ink Ill #ive no ore one, to ,o%r ca%se.

Mr. 6est: T!ats all ri#!t: ell +%st '%t ,o% don "or t!e sae ao%nt t!at ,o%

#ave last ,ear.

6!ic! one o" t!e "olloin# ords or '!rases !as been isinter'reted in t!e

conversation-

A/ >increase?/ >,o% kno?

C/ >ort!!ile?

3/ >no ore?

E/ >sae ao%nt?

5. andritin# anal,sisKalso knon as #ra'!olo#,Kis a 'oor a, to 'redict

'ersonalit, t,'es9 even t!o%#! it is %sed b,


210/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 51

occ%'ation.

Questions 3-4

T!e si'le "acts are t!ese: t!e n%ber o" 'eo'le killed eac! ,ear b, #ri))l, bears is

abo%t t!e sae as t!e n%ber o" 'eo'le killed b, li#!tnin# on #ol" co%rses. And t!en%ber o" 'eo'le killed b, li#!tnin# on #ol" co%rses eac! ,ear is abo%t t!e sae as

t!e n%ber o" 'eo'le electroc%ted b, electric blenders. All t!e !orrible ,t!s and

#r%esoe stories aside9 t!ere"ore9 a #ri))l, bear is in "act abo%t as dan#ero%s as an

electric blender or a #ae o" #ol".


211/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 511

C/ contradicts t!e Adirals stateent

3/ "ails to consider "%ll, t!e 'ossible eanin#s o" t!e Adirals advice

E/ is a "%tile strate#, "or solvin# t!e 'roble at !and

. 2o senator s'oke at t!e convention %nless !e or s!e as a 3eocrat. 2o3eocrat bot! s'oke at t!e convention and as a senator.

6!ic! one o" t!e "olloin# concl%sions can be correctl, dran "ro t!e

stateents above-

A/ 2o one b%t senators s'oke at t!e convention.

/ 2o 3eocrat s'oke at t!e convention.

C/ 7nl, 3eocrats s'oke at t!e convention.

3/ 2o senator s'oke at t!e convention.

E/ Soe 3eocrat senators s'oke at t!e convention.

. I" Sara! ere a concert 'ianist "or a a+or orc!estra9 s!e o%ld be "ao%s. S!e is

not a concert 'ianist since s!e is not "ao%s.

T!e concl%sion above is %nso%nd beca%se t!e a%t!or does not consider t!at

A/ Sara! co%ld be a "ao%s actress.

/ Sara! co%ld be a !ar'ist "or a a+or orc!estra.

C/ Sara! co%ld be a 'ianist it! a rock #ro%'.

3/ Sara! co%ld be a concert 'ianist it! a inor orc!estra.

E/ Sara! co%ld be "ao%s "or anot!er reason.

B. 2e%roscientists are akin# 'ro#ress in discoverin# ore abo%t t!e ca%se o"

Al)!eiers disease. Al)!eiers disease 'atients s%""er "ro deentia and sever

eor, loss. A%to'sies 'er"ored on s%c! 'atients !ave revealed t!e 'resence o"

brain lesions ca%sed b, abnoral 'rotein de'osits. Siilar de'osits are also "o%nd

in t!e brains o" elderl, 'atients !o do not s%""er "ro Al)!eiers disease. It

"ollos t!at ever,one !o lives lon# eno%#! ill event%all, develo' Al)!eiers

disease.

6!ic! one o" t!e "olloin# stateents9 i" tr%e9 ost serio%sl, %nderines t!e

concl%sion t!at ever,one !o lives lon# eno%#! ill event%all, develo'Al)!eiers disease-

A/ T!e lesions "o%nd in t!e brains o" non8Al)!eiers disease 'atients are "ar

less e(tensive t!an t!ose "o%nd in t!e brains o" Al)!eiers disease 'atients.

/ T!e develo'in# brain 'rod%ces a #reater n%ber o" cells t!an it ill ever %se.

T!e e(tra cells are later destro,ed b, !at biolo#ists call >'ro#raed cell

deat!.?

C/ T!e 'roced%re t!at allos scientists to discover t!e 'resence o" 'rotein

de'osits d%rin# an a%to's, is not ,et re"ined eno%#! to ens%re detection o"

t!e lesions in all 'atients.


212/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 515

3/ A%to'sies !ave s!on t!at soe 'eo'le lack t!e c!eical necessar, "or

'rotein de'osits to ca%se brain lesions.

E/ T!o%#! ost Al)!eiers disease 'atients develo' t!e disease !en t!e, are

in t!eir late "i"ties to earl, seventies9 t!e "re0%enc, o" 'atients !o develo'

t!e disease in t!eir "orties is on t!e rise.

H. $ree '%blic ed%cation is t!e best "or o" ed%cation t!ere is. T!ere"ore9 e %st

"i#!t to ens%re its contin%ed e(istenceD t!at is9 e %st be read, to de"end t!e

'rinci'le o" e0%alit, o" ed%cational o''ort%nit,. eca%se t!is 'rinci'le is e

ort! de"endin#9 it is clear t!at "ree '%blic ed%cation is better t!an an, ot!er "or

o" ed%cation.

6!ic! one o" t!e "olloin# ill%strates t!e sae eak reasonin# as "o%nd in t!e

'assa#e-

A/ I love %sic9 and t!ats !, I listen to it constantl,. I !ave , stereo or radio

on ever, akin# in%te. Since I 'la, %sic all t!e tie9 I %st reall, love

it.

/ ooks are , ost val%able 'ossessions. M, books are like , "riendsK

eac! 'leases e in di""erent a,s. J%st as I o%ld #ive %' ever,t!in# to

save , "riends9 so too it! , books.

C/ I o%ld %c! rat!er be 'oor and res'ected t!an be ric! and des'ised. To

!ave t!e res'ect o" ot!ers is "ar ore val%able t!an to !ave illions o"

dollars.

3/ I !ave never been betra,ed b, an, o" , "riends. T!e, !ave been tr%e to et!ro%#! #ood ties and bad. T!ere"ore I ill never betra, an, o" ,

"riends.

E/ eca%se ever, 'lant I !ave ever seen !as #reen leaves9 I !ave concl%ded t!at

all 'lants %st !ave #reen leaves. T!is looks like a 'lant b%t it does not

!ave #reen leaves9 so it cannot be a 'lant.

1. Soe 'eo'le sa, t!at t!e scarcit, o" "ood is a "%nction o" t!e "inite liits o" t!e

eart!s reso%rces9 co%'led it! a relentless rate o" 'o'%lation #rot!. T!is

anal,sis "ails to reco#ni)e9 !oever9 t!at %c! o" t!e orlds a#ric%lt%ral

reso%rces are %sed to "eed livestock instead o" 'eo'le. In t!e =nited States9 "ore(a'le9 alost one8!al" o" t!e a#ric%lt%ral acrea#e is devoted to cro's "ed to

livestock. A steer red%ces tent,8one 'o%nds o" ine('ensive #rain to one 'o%nd

o" e('ensive eat. T!%s9 t!e scarcit, o" "ood is not erel, a "%nction o" liited

reso%rces and 'o'%lation #rot!.

6!ic! one o" t!e "olloin# is an ass%'tion t!at o%ld allo t!e concl%sion in

t!e ar#%ent to be 'ro'erl, dran-

A/ Feo'le 're"er eatin# eat to eatin# #rain.

/ Meat is tent,8one ties ore e('ensive t!an #rain.

C/ T!e liits o" t!e eart!s a#ric%lt%ral reso%rces are not "inite.


213/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 51'eo'le over @ receive too little

res'ect "ro societ,?9 !ile onl, 'ercent o" t!e over8@ 'o'%lation9 t!e tar#et

o" t!e alle#ed irreverence a#reed it! it.

T!e a%t!or concl%des t!at 6estern societies basicall, res'ect t!e elderl, 'artl,

beca%se

A/ 'eo'le %nder @ are +%st as kind to 'eo'le over @ as t!e, are to 'eo'le o"

t!eir on a#e #ro%'

/ s%rve, data s%##est t!at "eer 'eo'le over @ t!an %nder @ #et too little

res'ectC/ disres'ect "or t!e elderl, does not #o so "ar as to res%lt in act%al !ar

3/ s%rve, data s%##est t!at 'eo'le over @ are ore aare o" incidents

involvin# disres'ect to t!e elderl, t!an are 'eo'le %nder @

E/ incidents o" %nkindness to t!e elderl, are neit!er coon nor #enerall,

acce'ted in 6estern societies

5@. T!ese da,s9 ever,one talks abo%t bein# too b%s,. %t all t!is b%s,ness does not

see to res%lt in t!in#s #ettin# done. J%st as an, tasks are still le"t %nco'leted9

'!one calls %nret%rned9 and a''ointents issed as t!ere ere in t!e da,s be"ore

t!is o%tbreak o" b%s,ness. T!ere"ore9 'eo'le %st not be as b%s, as t!e, clai.

6!ic! one o" t!e "olloin#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ost serio%sl, eaken t!e concl%sion

in t!e 'assa#e-

A/ T!ese da,s9 lookin# b%s, is a stat%s s,bol.

/ Feo'le !ave to do %c! ore t!ese da,s t!an be"ore t!e so8called o%tbreak

o" b%s,ness.

C/ Feo'le aste so %c! tie talkin# abo%t bein# b%s, t!at t!e, "ail to #et

t!in#s done.

3/ J%st as an, t!in#s are #ettin# done no as be"ore t!e so8called o%tbreak o"b%s,ness.


219/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 51H

E/ Feo'le !ave ore leis%re tie t!ese da,s t!an be"ore t!e so8called o%tbreak

o" b%s,ness.

SECTI72 I4


Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief

statements or passages...

1. T!e #overnent s!o%ld enact a bill t!at o%ld 'ro!ibit t!e sale and cons%'tion

o" alco!ol on co%ter trains. Recentl,9 t!e state9 e(ercisin# its le#itiate

a%t!orit,9 'assed a la to 'rotect t!e !ealt! o" co%ters b, 'ro!ibitin# sokin#

on t!e co%ter line. 6!en into(icated riders #et o"" t!e train9 #et in t!eir cars9

and drive9 t!e '%blic is e('osed to at least as %c! dan#er as are nonsokin# rail

'assen#ers !o are "orced to in!ale ci#arette soke.

In ar#%in# t!at alco!ol cons%'tion on co%ter trains s!o%ld be banned9 t!ea%t!or relies on

A/ t!e "act t!at drinkin# alco!ol is dan#ero%s to ones !ealt!

/ t!e 'rinci'le t!at 'eo'le need to be 'rotected "ro t!eir on actions

C/ t!e %se o" eotionall, c!ar#ed descri'tions o" sokin# and drinkin# alco!ol

3/ t!e readers s,'at!, "or t!e 'robles o" co%ters

E/ a co'arison beteen t!e e""ects o" sokin# and t!e e""ects o" drinkin#

alco!ol

5. Creatin# "alse arble is an art at !ic! onl, t!ose it! a li#!t !and can e(cel.Ficasso9 !oever9 as a #reat artist9 so !ile !e did not !ave a li#!t !and !e

co%ld !ave e(celled at creatin# "alse arble.

6!ic! one o" t!e "olloin# contains a lo#ical error t!at ost closel, resebles

t!e lo#ical error contained in t!e 'assa#e-

A/ T!e 'olice !ave deterined t!at t!e %rderer le"t !is "in#er'rints on t!e

kni"e. Iras "in#er'rints do not atc! t!ose on t!e kni"e9 so e can eliinate

!i as a s%s'ect.

/ It is tr%e t!at it is necessar, to ork !ard in order to s%cceed. oever9 sit!

as #overnor o" t!e state9 so it as 'ossible "or !i to s%cceed it!o%torkin# !ard.

C/ 6!enever I eat n%ts o" an, kind I break o%t in !ives. A"ter eatin# t!e 'ie I

did not break o%t9 so I kno it co%ld not !ave been real 'ecan 'ie.

3/ I" t!e inventor, can be sold it!in t!e ne(t "e ont!s t!e b%siness can be

saved. oever9 since a sale cannot be concl%ded 0%ickl,9 t!e b%siness ill

#o %nder.

E/ 7nl, t!e brave deserve t!e s'oils. Ma+or 6ilson !as distin#%is!ed !isel"

several ties "or braver,9 so s%rel, !e deserves t!e s'oils.


220/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 55

're'arin# "or bot! ar and 'eace si%ltaneo%sl,.

Stanisla%s: %t arent t!e =.S. and t!e =.S.S.R. doin# 'recisel, t!at- T!e, are

s'endin# vast ao%nts o" one, on ar researc! and araents !ile at t!e

sae tie t!e, are ne#otiatin# trade a#reeents and n%clear ars treaties t!at

are desi#ned to sec%re 'eace. Alt!o%#! t!e, are aintainin# a s!ak, 'eace"%lcoe(istence9 t!e, are 're'arin# "or bot! ar and 'eace si%ltaneo%sl,.

In order to re"%te Casss concl%sion9 Stanisla%s

A/ deonstrates t!at a nation can be at ar and at 'eace at t!e sae tie

/ 'oints o%t t!at t!ere are several di""erent eanin#s to t!e ords >ar? and

>'eace?

C/ %ses a di""erent eanin# "or t!e ter >si%ltaneo%sl,? t!an Cass does

3/ s!os t!at 're'arin# "or ar and 're'arin# "or 'eace are not %t%all,

e(cl%siveE/ c!an#es an ar#%ent based on a de"inition into one based on an et!ical

consideration

. Accordin# to advertiseents9 t!e !i#!er a s%ntan lotions s%n 'rotection "actor9 or

SF$9 t!e ore 'rotection "ro s%nb%rn. In order "or a s%ntan lotion to ork9

!oever9 one !as to reeber to '%t it on be"ore #oin# in t!e s%n9 '%t on an

ade0%ate ao%nt to cover t!e skin9 and rea''l, it as needed. T!ere"ore9 it reall,

does not atter !at SF$ a s%ntan lotion !as.

6!ic! one o" t!e "olloin# best identi"ies t!e error in reasonin# ade in t!e

'assa#e-

A/ It is %nreasonable to ass%e t!at t!e onl, '%r'ose o" a s%ntan lotion is to

'rovide 'rotection "ro s%nb%rn.

/ eca%se soe 'eo'le #et s%nb%rned ore easil, t!an ot!ers9 t!e "act t!at

t!ere are di""erent SF$s cannot be i#nored.

C/ It cannot be concl%ded t!at t!e SF$ is not i'ortant +%st beca%se t!ere are

re0%ireents "or t!e a''lication o" t!e s%ntan lotion.

3/ It is %nreasonable to ass%e t!at all s%ntan lotions re0%ire t!e sae

a''lication.

E/ T!ere is no reason to ass%e t!at an%"act%rers are %naare t!at 'eo'le

soeties "or#et to a''l, s%ntan lotion be"ore #oin# in t!e s%n.

Questions 5-&

Fatient: 3octor9 I read an article t!at claied t!at t!e "irst "e !o%rs a"ter birt! are

ver, i'ortant to establis!in# a ot!er8in"ant bond9 !ic! is t!e "irst ste' in b%ildin#

a !ealt!, relations!i'. Can ,o% ass%re e t!at , relations!i' it! , bab, !as not

been 'eranentl, !ared b, o%r se'aration "or several da,s a"ter !is birt!-

F!,sician: *o%r relations!i' it! ,o%r c!ild !as not been !ared b, t!e se'aration.

Mot!er8in"ant bondin# is not like an >instant #l%e? t!at ceents ,o%r relations!i'


221/900

GMAT & LSAT CR 551

"orever. avin# ,o%r in"ant it! ,o% d%rin# t!e 'eriod iediatel, a"ter birt! does

#ive ,o%r relations!i' a !ead start9 b%t an, "actors are involved in b%ildin# a stron#

and lastin# relations!i' beteen a ot!er and !er c!ild.

@. I" ever,t!in# t!e doctor sa,s is correct9 !ic! one o" t!e "olloin# %st be tr%e-

A/ T!e best relations!i's beteen ot!ers and t!eir c!ildren are ca%sed b,

iediate ot!er8in"ant bondin#.

/ T!ere is a !i#! de#ree o" correlation beteen t!e best relations!i's beteen

ot!ers and t!eir c!ildren and t!ose t!at be#an it! iediate ot!er8

in"ant bondin#.

C/ A stron# and lastin# relations!i' is necessar, "or ot!er8in"ant bondin#.

3/ 6!ere iediate ot!er8in"ant bondin# takes 'lace9 a stron# and lastin#

relations!i' beteen a ot!er and !er c!ild ill be ass%red.

E/ Iediate ot!er8in"ant bondin# is not necessar, "or a stron# and lastin#relations!i' beteen a

Documents

1000 Critical Reasoning Questions