View
220
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/9/2019 10 Ways to Get Healthy, Local Foods Into Low-Income Neighborhoods
1/12
Shaping and Firming Wind Energy UsingVanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Prepared for the California Wind Energy Collaborative Forum 2006
December 13, 2006
Topics for today
Benefits of integrating energy storage with wind
Vanadium redox flow battery technology
Overview
Key technical advantages
Recent customers
Case studies that address each of the benefit streams
VRB in Ireland Energy Storage at Sorne Hill
VRB in Japan Tomamae Wind Farm VRB in the US PacifiCorp T&D Deferral case study
Conclusions and policy implications
Importance of incorporating all value streams
Achieving manufacturing economies of scale
Policy implications for CA
8/9/2019 10 Ways to Get Healthy, Local Foods Into Low-Income Neighborhoods
2/12
Benefits of integrating energy storage withwind
Firm renewable generation for sale on peak Capture spilled generation off peak, sell on peak
Capture capacity payments
Smooth intermittent generation
Mitigate impact of frequency variation
Reduce spinning reserve required for grid stabilization
Relieve grid congestion or defer upgrade cost
Defer T&D capital cost Improve power quality and customer service
Vanadium redox flow battery technology overview
A liquid electrolyte that is separate from the electrode.
An electrochemical energy storage systemoperating at ambient temperatures
Reversible fuel cell reduction and oxidationof single unique element: Vanadium
No cross contamination Electrolyte never wears out high residual
value Very low maintenance
Deep cycles (20 to 80%) >10,000 Low self discharge indefinite energy storage Energy can be recovered instantaneously Battery can recharge as fast as it discharges
(1:1) Power and Energy separately scaleable
Charge
Discharge
V 4+ V 5+ + e - V 3+ + e- V 2+Reduction processOxidation process
V 5+ + e - V 4+ V 2+ V 3+ + e-
8/9/2019 10 Ways to Get Healthy, Local Foods Into Low-Income Neighborhoods
3/12
VRB Technology power and energy aremodular and separately scaleable
5kW 10MWVRB controls worldwide patents*
(*excludes Japan)
Preserves flexibility:Capacity or duration can easily be
increased at a later time
VRB is ideally suited for integrationwith wind
Key technical advantages of the VRB flow battery
Environmentally safe - easy to site and permit
Operates at ambient temperatures and low pressure
No heavy metals such as lead or cadmium
System maybe relocated and re-used
Very long 15-30 year life -- >10,000 deep cycles at 20-80% SOC
Recharges at the same rate as it discharges
Electrolyte never wears out and is not prone to contamination
Lowest life cycle cost for frequent cycling, long duration applications (6+hours/day, 250+ cycles/year)
High round-trip efficiency: > 70%
Storage can be easily added by increasing electrolyte
Very low maintenance ($0.001/kWh)-- easy to integrate into current operations
Remote monitoring and control, autonomous operation
Real time SOC feedback
UPS functionality via instantaneous energy dispatch & response
Programmable PCS provides four-quadrant control and simultaneous real andreactive energy
8/9/2019 10 Ways to Get Healthy, Local Foods Into Low-Income Neighborhoods
4/12
Sales / CustomersTapbury / Sorne Hill 1.5MW x 8hr VRB-ESS for Irish wind farm
PacifiCorp 250kW x 8hr VRB-ESS (3 years of successful operation)
Pinnacle - 1MWH and 3 x 10kWh VRB-ESS for RAPS applications in Australia
Magnetek Letter of Intent for Eighty, 5kW VRB-ESS systems
Ris 15kW x 8hr (120kWh) VRB-ESS, Danish wind applications
Eskom 10kWh VRB-ESS, back-up for substation of major South African utility
Solon AG 10kWh VRB-ESS, solar applications in Germany
University of Alaska 10kWh VRB-ESS, assessment in RAPS applications
South Carolina Air National Guard 30 / 60 kW x 2hr VRB-ESS, back-up power
National Research Council Of Canada 10kWh VRB-ESS, RAPS
Strategic Order Focus and Strong Pipeline
VRB has 12-15 MW of installedcapacity worldwide
Ireland Drivers and Market Overview2,908 MW of wind in place, approved or under application (network 4500MW)
1,560 MW connected or contracted, 730 MW complete by end 2006
1,348 MW has been sent forward in Gate 2 for processing (nov.2006)
Intermittency - curtailment issues (>20%) already impacting ability to roll out wind
Electricity supplied from wind farms is heavily discounted
As much as 35% discount to base dispatched generation
Significant amounts of off peak wind energy is spilled
If timing of output can be controlled, price uplift is significant
Estimates that over 700MW of storage may be required
Wind is not well correlatedwith demand
WindDemand
MW MW
8/9/2019 10 Ways to Get Healthy, Local Foods Into Low-Income Neighborhoods
5/12
Ireland Drivers and Market Overview
Issues are already beginning to arise with about 550MW of installed
wind (12% of total demand of 4500 MW)
SEI Funded project under the RE RD&D Programme to investigatethe use of VRB-ESS to increase the reliability and amount ofwindpower
Example of Daily Wind Output Smoothing
The VRB-ESS (green line) runs continuously to smooth wind farm production
(aquamarine line) - dispatching smooth power (magenta line) At 25- 30% of the wind-farms nameplate capacity, the VRB ESS has a significant
smoothing effect to total wind-farm + battery output (magenta) looks like baseload The VRB-ESS recharges throughout the day so that it maintains 50% State of Charge
and can also be used for peak trading 8.30-9.30am and 5pm to 7pm The VRB-ESS can also deliver frequency control, primary reserve, flicker control,
voltage control, ensuring that the system remains stable.
When used with a self learning forecasting system, forecast error can be reduced to 0, sothe windfarm then becomes day ahead dispatchable
8/9/2019 10 Ways to Get Healthy, Local Foods Into Low-Income Neighborhoods
6/12
Case study: Sorne Hill 32MW Wind Farm,Ireland
32 MW Commissioned in October 2006 40% overall capacity Factor 12MW hour (2.0MW x 6 hours) VRB System to be installed Fall 2007 possible to install 40+ MW
(40MW x 6 hours) of storage (pending additional wind installation of ~130MW) Contract Value US$6.3million ($525/kWh storage capacity) Various income streams / benefits
Higher pricing for main off take for electricity smoothed by VRB-ESS (57 Euro/MWH increased
to 77.4 Euro/MWH) Arbitrage value for storing energy at night and selling it on peak Higher capacity payments for higher available power in negotiation Ancillary Payments primary, secondary reserve etc. in negotiation
6-7 year payback, 15%+ IRR
For the first time, wind can be a viable alternative to coal in Irelandbecause with energy storage, the wind production can be matched topeak demand
John Ward, Sorne Hill Developer
Case study: Sorne Hill 32MW Wind Farm,Ireland
8/9/2019 10 Ways to Get Healthy, Local Foods Into Low-Income Neighborhoods
7/12
6 MW x 1.5 hour (9MWH) VRB-ESSTomamae Wind Farm, JapanGrid-Connected Wind Farm Output Smoothing
Daily Wind Output Smoothing at Tomamae
8:00:00 10:00:00 12:00:00 14:00:00 16:00:00
The VRB-ESS (blue line) runs continuously to smooth wind farm production (green line). At only 20% of the windfarms nameplate capacity, the VRB ESS has a significantsmoothing effect to total windfarm + battery output (red line)
The VRB-ESS intelligently recharges throughout the day so that it maintains 50% SOC
8/9/2019 10 Ways to Get Healthy, Local Foods Into Low-Income Neighborhoods
8/12
600 Daily cycles at 6MW peak wind farm installation NOT cycle limitedas with all other batteries
PacifiCorp VRB-ESS in Castle Valley, UTT&D Asset Optimization
Situation: 85 mile long 25kV feeder, with 5-lineregulators and 7-reclosers
- New connects denied b/c feeder at capacity- Low reliability and power quality frequent
Public Service Commission complaints
Problem: new connects denied because feeder cannotsupply new load without causing low voltage toexisting customers
Solution: 250kW X 8h VRB-ESS was the lowest cost,
best technical solution.- VRB-ESS charges at night, discharges on peak- Maintains stable voltage- Unmanned, autonomous operation via dedicatedreal time radio communications
Currently considering upgrade to provide self healinggrid functionality
Expandable to 1,000kW x 4 hours in same building
VRB
Substation
CB
Feeder capacity
limit
Load Concentration
8/9/2019 10 Ways to Get Healthy, Local Foods Into Low-Income Neighborhoods
9/12
Inside the 2MWh PacifiCorp installation in Moab
PacifiCorp plant performance metricsNormalised Plant Operating Hours - YE Feb-05
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Feb-05 Mar-05 Apr-05 May-05 Jun-06 Jul-05 Aug-05 Sep-05 Oct-05 Nov-05 Dec-05 Jan-06 Feb-06 Total
Planned Downtime
Unplanned Downtime
Idle T ime
Run Time
8/9/2019 10 Ways to Get Healthy, Local Foods Into Low-Income Neighborhoods
10/12 1
Cost Benefit Asset Optimization
Capital deferral - 7.5%, 10 years. Cost of upgrade $4 million with 3 yearlead time
Cost of VRB-ESS = $1,000,000 ($500/kWh in 2003)
Arbitrage savings 3 to 4 c/kWh = $17,280/year
Net Annual savings = ($4 million - $1 million) x 7.5% plus arbitrage savings= $242,420
IRR = 20% (before tax, unleveraged, 10 years)
Reduced line losses offset parasitic loads
Strategic siting is important
Conclusions
Integrating energy storage with wind can increase the value of wind andlower system costs of delivering wind generation
Vanadium redox flow battery technology is one type of advanced energystorage technology that can handle winds cycling behavior Capable of hundreds of cycles per day with no impact to lifecycle Capable of long duration (8+ hours) of storage for firming Lowest cost per lifecycle of all advanced energy storage technologies
Ways of incorporating all value streams into financial decision-making arerequired Capture benefits of firming renewables for sale on peak Capture benefits of smoothing intermittent generation Relieve grid congestion and defer T&D upgrade cost
Deployment of promising applications today will accelerate progress onmanufacturing cost curve
Use of advanced VRB energy storage iscommercially ready today
8/9/2019 10 Ways to Get Healthy, Local Foods Into Low-Income Neighborhoods
11/12 1
VRB-ESS System CostSignificant cost reductions possible with volume
Projected VRB-ESS Cost at Various Manufacturing Volumes
(as % of 2006 Cost)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Current (2006) 10 MW 100 MW
Cumulative Manufactured Volume
TotalSystemCost
PCS and Controls Balance of Plant Cell Stacks Electrolyte
100%
89%
69%
CA policy can catalyze these costreductions
Policy implicationsDemonstration projects are needed
Demonstrate VRB applied to wind in CA focus on technologyintegration
Measure and quantify benefits
Learn by doing
Tariff reform
Capture benefits of smoothing intermittent generation andrelieving grid congestion
Transparency needed for value prescribed to firmer windgeneration for modeling and project development
Advanced energy storage can go a long way to optimizing wind andother renewable resources under CAs Energy Action Plan
Use of advanced VRB energy storagecan help CA achieve its energy policy
objectives
8/9/2019 10 Ways to Get Healthy, Local Foods Into Low-Income Neighborhoods
12/12
Janice Lin, Managing Partner510-665-7811 [email protected]
For more information, please visit:www.strategenconsulting.com
www.vrbpower.com
Thank you for being a great audience!
VRBs flow battery enables many new applications ofenergy storage
T&D Asset OptimizationLocation: At feeder line/substationBenefits: Defer T&D capital investment Dispatch stored energy to shave peak Improve power quality & customer service Provide voltage and frequency support Capture energy arbitrage savings Reduce line lossesPrimary user: Utility
Substation StorageLocation: In substationBenefits: Provides emergency backup power SOC remotely monitorable Easily relocatablePrimary user: Utility
Distributed Energy StorageLocation: Customer side of the meterBenefits: Offset peak usage with stored energy Integrate with distributed renewables, DSM, DR Provide UPS/emergency backup powerPrimary user: Utility Customer/End User
Integration with RenewablesLocation: Large scale renewable energy sitesBenefits: Smooth intermittent generation Firm renewable generation for sale on peak Reduce spinning reserve required for grid stabilizationPrimary user: Site Developer/Investors