1 WS2 Malta Workpackage 3 Sea-bed substrate Leader: Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) Team: Anu Kaskela, Aarno Kotilainen, Ulla Alanen Contact: [email protected]

1

WS2 MaltaWorkpackage 3

Sea-bed substrate

Leader: Geological Survey of Finland (GTK)Team: Anu Kaskela, Aarno Kotilainen, Ulla Alanen

Contact: [email protected]

EMODnet-Geology 2 Meeting Malta 2014 Anu Kaskela, Aarno Kotilainen, Ulla Alanen

WP 3 Sea-bed substrateObjectives:

• Sea-bed substrate information/map with confidence assessment– Scale 1:250,000– Full-coverage map, 1 M

• The rate of accumulation and sedimentation on the sea floor– Accumulation during 2nd year

• CEFAS, Case study: Maps of seabed substrate from acoustic and ground-truthing data

2EMODnet-Geology 2 Meeting Malta 2014 Anu Kaskela, Aarno Kotilainen, Ulla Alanen


WP3 Sea-bed substrateGeneral :

• WP3 has followed the principles set up during the first phase (ur-EMODnet)

• Guidelines that each partner has implemented by the due date:1. Index map with an attribute table

2. Harmonising/Translation into shared classification system

• Collation into a transboundary map / GTK– 1st draft distributed in June 2014

• Confidence / BGS system

1. Index map (Data sourcing)

2. Harmonisation

3. Generalization

4. Combination

5. Confidence analysis (BGS)

Seabed substrate map

250 000


WP 3 Sea-bed substrateGeneral issues and agreements

• Format. The data requirement is ESRI shape file (polygon features).

• Scale of 1: 250 000 wherever possible. – The smallest cartographic unit is 0.3 km2 (MESH)

• Coordinate system. The georeferenced data is provided in the WGS84 geographical coordinate system (Lat/Lon).

• Coastline was adopted by the European Environment Agency (EEA) on a scale of 1:100 000– Expected to be the standard coastline adopted by all of the

EMODnet projects. – Some adjustments regarding the coastline

of the some islands have been made.


> 50 org. > 400 different map types.

The sea-bed surface substrate data on a scale of 1: 250 000• Mainly available from the coastal areas and the Atlantic Ocean • The light blue areas (EU scale data) refer to broad scale data (ur-EMODnet &

the EMODnet Seabed habitats lot).

WP3 INDEX


Multitude of sediment classification systems• Marine geological surveys according to national standards and national classification

schemes. • These national classifications have now been harmonised into a shared EMODnet

schema.

WP3 Harmonisation, background


Grain size

Mm > Ø

> 600 Boulder (> 100)

-600

-256 (200 – 600)

-200

-100

-64

-60

-20

-16 Gravel (1-10)

-10 Granule (1-10)

Gravel (1-10)

-4 Coarse Sand (1 – 4)

Granule (2 – 4)

-2 Very coarse sand (1 – 2)

-1

-0.6

-0.5 Medium sand (0.25 – 0.5)

Medium sand (0.25-0.5)

Sables moyens (med. Sand,

Sables moyens (medium

Sables moyens (medium -0.25

-0.2

-0.125 Very fine sand (0.0625 –

Coarse silt (0.05-0.1)

Silt (0.01-0.1)

Sables très fins (very fine sand,

Sables très fins (very fine sand,

Sables très fins (very fine sand, -0.0625

-0.06

-0.05

-0.04

-0.02

-0.01

-0.005

-0.0039

-0.002 Clay (< 0.002)

Clay (< 0.002)

Clay (<0.005)

Argiles (clay, <0.002)



Silts (0.002-0.0625)

Silts (0.002-0.0625)

Laffont (1989)

Gautier (2009)

Galets (cobble, >64)

No

in

form

atio

n

Cailloutis (pebble, 16-64)

Galets (cobble, >64)

Graviers (gravel, 2-16)

Blocs (boulder, >600)Galets (cobble, >64)


SHOM Aloisi

Table 1. The Grain size limits in different classification systems.


Gravel (2 – 10)

Large Stones

Gravel (2– 256)

Small stones (60 – 200)

Boulders (> 256)

Boulder (> 256)

Boulder (> 256)

Boulder (> 600)

Boulder (> 200)

EMODnet FOLK

MNCR Udden -Wenthworth

Gravel (2 – 20)

Gravel (4 – 16)

Lutites (lutite, <0.05)

Larsonneur (1979) modif, Lesueur &

No

in

form

atio

n

Sables grossiers (coarse sand, 0.5-2)

Sables fins à moyens (fine to med sand, 0.2-0.5) Sablon (very fine sand 0.04-0.2)

Vases (mud, <0.04)

Cailloutis (~pebble, >200)

Cailloutis (pebble), Coquilles (Shell), (>200)

Graviers, (gravel, 2-200)


Sables fins (fine sand, 0.2-0.5)

Sablon (Very fine sand,

0.05-0.2)

Sables (Sand, 0.5-2)

Sables fin (Fine sand, 0.05-0.5)

Argiles (Clay, <0.05)

Silts, <0.0625

Graviers, (gravel, 2-200)



Clay (< 0.01)

Silt (0.0039-0.0625)

Clay (< 0.0039)

Fine silt (0.01-0.05)

Boulders > 10

Cobble (64 – 256)

Cobble (64 – 256)

No

in

form

atio

n

Sand (0.0625-2)

Boulders > 1000

Sand (0.1-1)Sand (0.1-1)

Pebble (10-100)

Boulders (> 100)

Cobbles (100-1000)

Stone (20 – 200)

Cobbles (10 – 100)

Pebble (16 – 64)

Pebble (4 – 64)

Gravel (2 – 60)

Mud (< 0.0625)

Mud (< 0.0625)

Mud (< 0.0625)

Clay (< 0.005)

Silt (0.005 – 0.05)

Silt (0.005-0.1)

Silt (0.002 – 0.06)

Silt (0.002 – 0.06)

Sand (0.0625-2)

Coarse sand (0.06 – 2)

Sand (0.06 – 2)

Sand (0.05 – 2)

Medium Sand (0.25 – 1)

Coarse sand (0.5 – 1.0)

Medium sand (0.2 – 0.6)

Fine Sand (0.0625 – 0.25)

Fine sand (0.125 – 0.25) Fine sand

(0.06 – 0.2)

Clay (< 0.01)

Cobbles (10 – 100)

Coarse sand (0.5-1)

Fine sand (0.1-0.25)

Baltic and North Sea Black Sea French classifications

GTK & SGU GEUS VSEGEI EGK Raukas 1981

UkraineLithuania Romania Augris (1990-2013

Simplet (2011)



Silts (0.002-0.0625)






WP3 Harmonisation, shared scheme

It was agreed to follow the Folk sediment classification to include all 15 substrate classes and also data on rock & boulders if possible. A hierarchy of Folk classifications was created with 16, 7 and 5 classes. All classes can be united into the 5 classes. (The cut-off between “Mud to muddy sand” and Sand has been changed from 4:1 to 9:1 since ur-EMODnet)


WP3 Harmonisation, process• The "national" sea-bed surface substrate data that was not

originally in the Folk classification system has been reclassified – Partners have harmonised their data

• Substrate material from the uppermost 30 cm of the sediment column – Sometimes only a rough estimate

• Reclassification process, analysis of the surface material – A vast archive of surface samples– An expert-based prediction– The most detailed Folk classification (16-7-5 Folk classes) as

possible• An attribute table that contains

information related to the reclassification


WP3 Generalization• Data at 1:250 000 scale

– Substrate data on a broader scale not included • The coverage of the broad scale data is visualized (Folk code = 8)

– Detailed maps have been generalised• WP3 has followed the cartographic principles established in the MESH

project (Foster-Smith, R. & al., 2007) and tested in the ur-EMODnet (Stevenson et al. 2011, 2012).

• the smallest cartographic unit (polygon is about 0.3 km2).


WP3 Collation• GTK has combined all available spatial datasets • The first seabed substrate map for the European Seas on a scale of

1:250 000 – “Data in progress” included in the visualization– The coverage of the broad scale data is visualized (Folk code = 8)– Some border conflicts have been corrected– Will be updated during the project

• The EMODnet Sea-bed substrate data is distributed to the project partners as well as to EMODnet Seabed habitats lot on 19th June 2014.

• The data is not available for the general public yet





WP3 Possible coverage improvements• Better coverage needed• 1 M sea-bed surface substrate

datasets: – The Mediterranean Sea &

the Black Sea, • by EMODnet Seabed

habitats lot, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR

– The ur-EMODnet data– Barents Sea, White Sea

/VSEGEI


1 M Sea-bed substrates of Europe• 5 Folk classes

• GTK will combine the existing 1 M datasets (urEMODnet, Mediterranean)– Early 2015

• Partners will verify and update their sea-bed substrate data– Spring 2015


WP3 Confidence• Rhys Cooper/BGS

WP 3 Sea-bed substrateSedimentation rates• Information on accumulation/

sedimentation rates for recent sediments will be compiled and presented as point-source information

• Estimations of accumulation rates (cm/year), based on e.g. the 137Cs and 210Pb dating

• If the data density allows the data can be presented as contoured maps

• Project partners will deliver info on sedimentation rates available in their national waters including their EEZs.

• GTK will combine the information

18EMODnet-Geology 2 kick-off Meeting Lissabon 21.-22.1.2014 Anu Kaskela, Aarno Kotilainen, Ulla Alanen


WP3 Sedimentation/Accumulation• GTK will send guidelines by 15.12.2014• Data to GTK 30.4.2015• Ready by Autumn workshop 2015

• We will collect Sedimentation rates as points• ESRI shapefile, attribute table

• Sedimentation areas?– Sedimentation areas as contoured maps (Application)– Will be discussed after we have analysed the point density


WP3 Features• The FOLK classification doesn’t include information on the

surface “features” e.g.:– Till and hard clay areas (some data collected already)– Fe-Mn concretion fields– Moving mud, moving sand– Seagrass such as Posidonia– Shell areas– Heterogeneity/Patchy seafloors

• A list of important features by Summer 2015• Definitions Autumn 2015• Feature layer 2016


WP3 Case study by Cefas, Markus Diesing• Aim is to model substrate and other terrain derivatives (e.g.

morphology and seabed dynamics) from acoustic data layers to derive biologically relevant (and EUNIS compatible) datasets

• Work in progress


EMODnet 2, WP3 Timetable• Updates of the substrate data

– 2-4 times/year, Next in December 2014

• 1 M data– Combined data to partners early 2015– Verification summer 2015

• Accumulation– Guidelines to partners 15.12.2014– Data to GTK 30.4.2015– Ready by Autumn workshop 2015


EMODnet 2, WP3 Timetable• Features

– List summer 2015– Definitions (workshop?), Autumn 2015– Features 2016

• Confidence– Rhys Cooper/BGS

• Case study– Markus Diesing/CEFAS


WP3 Scale/Coverage in sea areas

Marine strategy framework directive (MSFD) boundaries


WP3 Scale/Coverage in the European seas

Sea area

Data coverage in cumulative %No data % Sea vs. Total

area %< 1:50 000 <1:100 000 < 1:250 000 <1:500 000 <1:1 000

000Arctic Sea 0 5 5 5 72 28 16Baltic Sea* 4 11 33 64 100 0 3Bay of Biscay & Iberia 1 13 14 36 42 58 7Black Sea 1 1 7 15 100 0 4Celtic Seas 21 21 74 81 82 18 8Greater North Sea 4 9 70 77 98 2 6Iceland Sea** 0 0 0 0 0 100 6Faeroean Seas 0 0 0 0 13 87 3Macaronesia 0 0 0 0 1 99 16Mediterranean**, Europe 2 2 8 21 99 1 14Norwegian Sea 0 1 34 34 67 33 14Sea of Jan Mayen*** 0 0 0 0 0 100 3White Sea 0 0 0 0 100 0 1

Total area, cum % 2 5 19 24 58 42 Total Area, km2 11830000

Documents

1 WS2 Malta Workpackage 3 Sea-bed substrate Leader: Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) Team: Anu Kaskela, Aarno Kotilainen, Ulla Alanen Contact: [email protected]