Energy Iights our cities, powers our vehicIes, and runs machinery infactories.It warms and cooIs our homes, cooks our food, pIays music and givesus pictures onteIevision.In other words, Energy is the capacity of matter to perform work as theresult of its motion or its position in reIation to forces acting on it.Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.Our Energy needs4n-renewable s4urces 41 energy$ources which have accumuIated in nature over a very Iong time andcannot be repIaced very quickIy.The non renewabIe sources of energy incIude coaI, petroIeum and naturaI gas.They are aIso caIIed convectionaI sources of energy.$ince it takes miIIions of years for these resources to deveIop insidethe earth, they are getting exhausted fast.If we continue using the fossiI fueIs at the present rate, we wiIIexhaust them within 50 to100 years.The need for us to deveIop better and safe sources of energy isperhaps the greatest now.Energy Usage, then and n4wn 1850, 90% 41 the w4rld's energy was pr4;ded 1r42 renewable b42ass (the balance 1r42 c4al), whereas n 2006, 89% 41 the w4rld's energy was pr4;ded 1r42 n4nrenewable energy res4urces c4al, 4l, gas and uranu2.ncreasng needSnce 1850 the w4rld's p4pulat4n has ncreased 1;e-14ld, the per capta c4nsu2pt4n 41 energy has ncreased eght-14ld, and the t4tal energy c4nsu2pt4n has ncreased by 43 t2es. The 1act that 4nly 11% 41 2006 energy c4nsu2pt4n ca2e 1r42 renewable s4urces (b42ass, hydr4, wnd, s4lar etc) undersc4res the dle22a 1acng 4ur 24dern s4cety.hat s renewable energy?$ources of energy which can be used againand are notexhaustibIe.The exampIes are sun, water, wind and biomass.$uch sources of energy are freeIy avaiIabIe and are free of cost.They do not poIIute the environment.We shouId prefer the renewabIe sources of energy because: They are avaiIabIe in pIenty. They are avaiIabIe free of cost. They do not poIIute air They are not exhaustibIe.Means and ways to harness the renewabIe sources of energy moreefficientIy have to be deveIoped.4rld p4pulat4n data4rld Per capta($)T4tal Energy C4nsu2pt4n (t4e)WORLD ENERGY CON$&MPTION BY F&EL (2005)Region MiIIion Tonnes of oiI equivaIentOiI NaturaI GasCoaI NucIear EnergyHydro-eIectricityTotaIT4tal 4rth A2erca1132.6 697.1 613.9 209.2 148.6 2801.3T4tal S. & Cent. A2erca223.3 111.7 21.1 3.7 131.7 501.4T4tal Eur4pe & Eurasa963.3 1009.7 537.5 286.3 187.2 2984.0T4tal Mddle East 271.3 225.9 9.0 - 3.9 510.2T4tal A1rca 129.3 64.1 100.3 2.9 19.9 316.5T4tal Asa Pac1c 1116.9 366.2 1648.1 125.0 167.4 3423.7TOTAL WORLD 3836.8 2474.7 2929.8 627.2 668.7 10537.1WORLD OIL PROD&CTION &CON$&MPTION(2005)Region Production ConsumptionMiIIion Tonnes of oiI equivaIent% MiIIion Tonnes of oiI equivaIent%T4tal 4rth A2erca 642.5 16.5 1132.6 29.5T4tal S. & Cent. A2erca 350.6 9.0 223.3 5.8T4tal Eur4pe & Eurasa 845.0 21.7 963.3 25.1T4tal Mddle East 1208.1 31.0 271.3 7.1T4tal A1rca 467.1 12.0 129.3 3.4T4tal Asa Pac1c 381.7 9.8 1116.9 29.1TOTAL WORLD 3895.0 100.0 3836.8 100.0OIL PROD&CTION &CON$&MPTIONA$IA PACIFIC (2005)Region Production ConsumptionMT O.E.% MT O.E.%Australa 23.3 0.6 39.7 1.0Bangladesh - - 4.0 0.1Brune 10.1 0.3 - -Chna 180.8 4.6 327.3 8.5Chna H4ng K4ng SAR- - 13.8 0.4nda 36.2 0.9 115.7 3.0nd4nesa 55.0 1.4 55.3 1.4Japan - - 244.2 6.4Malaysa 36.8 0.9 22.0 0.6ew Zealand - - 7.0 0.2Pakstan - - 17.4 0.5Phlppnes - - 14.7 0.4Sngap4re - - 42.2 1.1Region Production ConsumptionMT O.E.% MT O.E.%S4uth K4rea - - 105.5 2.7Tawan - - 41.6 1.1Thaland 11.2 0.3 45.6 1.2Vetna2 19.1 0.5 - -Other Asa Pac1c 9.2 0.2 21.1 0.5TotaI Asia Pacific381.7 9.8 1116.9 29.1The share is in relation to total World production and consumption.WORLD GA$ PROD&CTION &CON$&MPTION(2005)Region Production ConsumptionMiIIion Tonnes of oiI equivaIent% MiIIion Tonnes of oiI equivaIent%T4tal 4rth A2erca 675.6 27.2 697.1 28.2T4tal S. & Cent. A2erca 122.0 4.9 111.7 4.5T4tal Eur4pe & Eurasa 955.0 38.4 1009.7 40.8T4tal Mddle East 263.3 10.6 225.9 9.1T4tal A1rca 146.7 5.9 64.1 2.6T4tal Asa Pac1c 324.1 13.0 366.2 14.8TOTAL WORLD 2486.7 100.0 2474.7 100.0GA$ PROD&CTION &CON$&MPTIONA$IA PACIFIC (2005)Region Production ConsumptionMT O.E.% MT O.E.%Australa 33.4 1.3 23.1 0.9Bangladesh 12.8 0.5 12.8 0.5Brune 10.8 0.4 - -Chna 45.0 1.8 42.3 1.7Chna H4ng K4ng SAR- - 1.9 0.1nda 27.4 1.1 33.0 1.3nd4nesa 68.4 2.8 35.5 1.4Japan - - 73.0 2.9Malaysa 54.0 2.2 31.4 1.3Myan2ar 11.7 0.5 - -ew Zealand 3.3 0.1 3.2 0.1Pakstan 26.9 1.1 26.9 1.1Phlppnes - - 2.7 0.1Region Production ConsumptionMT O.E.% MT O.E.%Sngap4re - - 5.9 0.2S4uth K4rea - - 30.0 1.2Tawan - - 9.6 0.4Thaland 19.3 0.8 26.9 1.1Vetna2 4.6 0.2 - -Other Asa Pac1c 6.6 0.3 8.0 0.3TotaI Asia Pacific 324.1 13.0 366.2 14.8The share is in relation to total World production and consumption.WORLD COAL PROD&CTION &CON$&MPTION(2005)Region Production ConsumptionMiIIion Tonnes of oiI equivaIent% MiIIion Tonnes of oiI equivaIent%T4tal 4rth A2erca 615.3 21.3 613.9 21.0T4tal S. & Cent. A2erca47.3 1.6 21.1 0.7T4tal Eur4pe & Eurasa 436.2 15.1 537.5 18.3T4tal Mddle East 0.6 + 9.0 0.3T4tal A1rca 142.8 4.9 100.3 3.4T4tal Asa Pac1c 1644.9 57.0 1648.1 56.3TOTAL WORLD 2887.2 100.0 2929.8 100.0+ Less than 0.05 %COAL PROD&CTION &CON$&MPTIONA$IA PACIFIC (2005)Region Production ConsumptionMT O.E.% MT O.E.%Australa 202.4 7.0 52.2 1.8Bangladesh - - 0.4 +Chna 1107.7 38.4 1081.9 36.9Chna H4ng K4ng SAR- - 7.2 0.2nda 199.6 6.9 212.9 7.3nd4nesa 83.2 2.9 23.5 0.8Japan 0.6 + 121.3 4.1Malaysa - - 6.3 0.2ew Zealand3.2 0.1 2.1 0.1Pakstan 1.6 0.1 4.1 0.1Phlppnes - - 5.9 0.2Region Production ConsumptionMT O.E.% MT O.E.%S4uth K4rea 1.3 + 54.8 1.9Tawan - - 38.2 1.3Thaland 5.9 0.2 11.8 0.4Vetna2 18.3 0.6 - -Other Asa Pac1c21.2 0.7 25.7 0.9TotaI Asia Pacific1644.9 57.0 1648.1 56.3The share is in relation to total World production and consumption. Less than 0.05WORLD HYDROELECTRICITY & N&CLEAR ENERGY CON$&MPTION(2005)Region ConsumptionHydroeIectricityConsumptionNucIear EnergyMiIIion Tonnes of oiI equivaIent% MiIIion Tonnes of oiI equivaIent%T4tal 4rth A2erca 148.6 22.2 209.2 33.4T4tal S. & Cent. A2erca 141.7 21.2 3.7 0.6T4tal Eur4pe & Eurasa 187.2 28.0 286.3 45.6T4tal Mddle East 3.9 0.6 - -T4tal A1rca 19.9 3.0 2.9 0.5T4tal Asa Pac1c 167.4 25.0 125.0 19.9TOTAL WORLD 668.7 100.0 627.2 100.0HYDRO ELECTRICITY & N&CLEAR ENERGYCON$&MPTION - A$IA PACIFIC (2005)Region ConsumptionHydro-eIectricityConsumptionNucIear EnergyMT O.E.% MT O.E.%Australa 3.7 0.6 - -Bangladesh 0.3 + - -Chna 90.8 13.6 11.8 1.9Chna H4ng K4ng SAR- - - -nda 21.7 3.3 4.0 0.6nd4nesa 2.1 0.3 - -Japan 19.8 3.0 66.3 10.6Malaysa 1.5 0.2 - -ew Zealand5.5 0.8 - -Pakstan 6.9 1.0 0.6 0.1Phlppnes 1.9 0.3 - -Region ConsumptionHydro-eIectricityConsumptionNucIear EnergyMT O.E.% MT O.E.%Sngap4re - - - -S4uth K4rea 1.2 0.2 33.2 5.3Tawan 1.8 0.3 9.0 1.4Thaland 1.3 0.2 - -Other Asa Pac1c 8.9 1.3 - -TotaI Asia Pacific 167.4 25.0 125.0 19.9The % share s n relat4n t4 t4tal 4rld pr4duct4n and c4nsu2pt4n.+ Less than 0.05%Energy crisis is a situation in which the nation suffers from a disruption of energy suppIies (in our case, oiI) accompanied by rapidIy increasing energy prices that threaten economic and nationaI security.The threat to economic security is represented by the possibiIity of decIining economic growth, increasing infIation, rising unempIoyment, and Iosing biIIions of doIIarsin investment.hat s energy crss?According to a report fiIed by the Ministry of power with the Prime Minister's office (as an $O$ caII), out of the totaI 75 coaI based power pIants in the country: 22 had Iess than 7 days stocks Ieft 6 had Iess than 4 days stocks Ieft (Against a mandatory requirement of 15 days) and couId shut anytime (just as NTPC had aIready shut down one of its unit in Orissa due to coaI shortage). Therefore, aImost 50% of the coaI-based power pIants were experiencing criticaIIy short suppIies.It is projected that to meet the shortfaII between demand and suppIy, 12MT of coaI wiII have to be imported every year for the next 2-3 years and figure couId rise to 40MT by 2007 if the Iinked mines are not deveIoped on war footings. However, the proposition is a costIy one as the price of coaI is quite high in the internationaI market. Due to this, the cost of production of eIectricity wouId go up by 10 to 15 paise per unit. WorId OiI $uppIy0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.002000 2001 2002 2003MiIIion BarreIs per DayT4tal OECDT4tal OPECF4r2er USSRChnaOther 4n-OECDT4tal SupplyWorId OiI Demand01020304050607080902001 2002 2003 2004MiIIion BarreIs per DayBrazlndaChnaEur4pe (OECD)US4rld