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Understanding the Non-Functional Properties of Services

Justin O’Sullivan

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Outline

Who am I? Applicability to WSMO Motivations Challenges Non-Functional Properties

Benefits of approach Overview of models

Questions

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Who am I? PhD Student within the BPM Group (http://

www.bpm.fit.qut.edu.au), Queensland University of Technology. (Dr David Edmond and Assoc Professor Arthur ter Hofstede).

Systems Architect at GBST (http://www.gbst.com/).

http://www.service-description.com/ Participant of BPM Center

(http://www.bpmcenter.org).

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Applicability to WSMO

• All WSMO elements (goals, mediators, ontologies and web services) can contain non-functional properties.

• Core Properties• Dublin Core Metadata Element Set + Version

• Web Service Specific Properties• Accuracy, Robustness, Availability, Scalability,

Financial, Security, Network-related QoS, Transactional, Performance, Trust, Reliability

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Motivating Example

Simplistic Filtering

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Motivating Example (Cont’d)

Proprietary Classification

Scheme

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Motivating Example (Cont’d)

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Motivating Example (Cont’d) Black & White Cleaning ABN: 64 010 840 687 HEADING: Lawn Cutting & Maintenance Ph: 1300 133 811Fax: (07) 3821 7388 Email: blackwhitecleaning@bigpond.com Website: http://

www.blackandwhitehomeservices.com.au PRODUCTS & SERVICES: Domestic Cleaning,

Commercial Cleaning, External House Washing, Pre Sale Cleaning, Carpet & Upholstery Cleaning

OPENING HOURS: MON 24h TUE 24h WED 24h THU 24h FRI 24h SAT 24h SUN 24h PUB 24h

PAYMENT METHODS ACCEPTED: Bank Card, AMEX, Visa, Master Card, Diners Club, Cheque, Cash

INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS: ABSA ACCREDITATION: Licensed Pest Control NO. OF EMPLOYEES: 50-100 DATE ESTABLISHED: 1985

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MotivationsTo provide a necessary pre-requisite for: Automated Discovery Automated Selection and/or Substitution

How do we achieve this? Increase the semantic richness of service

descriptions – particularly with respect to the non-functional properties of services.

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Challenges How do we entice service providers to

undertake the (possibly) lengthy task of describing their service(s)?

How do we support service providers in describing their services in ways that they currently use?

How do we give requestors the ability to state what they require from a service?

What level of domain independence should we support within service descriptions?

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Non-Functional Properties

Two halves of a service description (functional and non-functional).

Non-functional - Anything that exhibits constraint over the functionality.

Non-functional properties include availability (temporal and locative), payment, price, obligations, rights, security, trust, quality, discounts, and penalties.

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Benefits of approach

Domain independent approach to modelling of non-functional properties. [80/20 rule]

Caters for conventional (bricks 'n' mortar) and web services.

We have modelled these properties at a conceptual level (independent of a technology).

Recursive nature of the models. Comprehensive (semantically rich).

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Service Provider

ServiceName

is referred to by

is offered by

Provider

has provider name

NameServiceParty(id)

each Provider is a ServiceParty that is of ServicePartyType ‘P’

is service party type of

ServicePartyType

(desc)

{P, R}

Service

operates in industry

ServiceIndustry(UN/SPSC)

prov

ides

ca

pabi

lity

of

Capability

S1

Acc

omm

odat

ion

S2

Car

pet C

lean

ing

S3

New

spap

er H

ome

Del

iver

yS

4 R

ewar

ds S

chem

eS1S2S3

Courtyard MarriottElectrodryCourier-MaileBayVisaNational Australia BankFly Buys RewardsISOMichelinDeloitteWorld Wide Web Consortium

P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8P9

P10P11

PPPPPP

P6P7P8P9

P10P11

S1S2S3S4

P1P2P3P7

S1S2S3S4

School Holiday EscapeCarpet CleanHome DeliveryFly Buys

9011150147131826 82111904

PPPPP

P1P2P3P4P5

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Request Availability

RequestLocativeAvailability

Service

LocativeEntity

TemporalEntity

RequestType

{Capability, IssueResolution, Feedback, Information}

can be limited to

can occur at/during

has negotiable temporal request

availability

is continuouslyavailable temporally

for requests

accepts request of type..at...

S3 Capability L10

(S3,Capability,L10)(S3,Capability,L10)

T7T8

R2(S3,Capability,L10)

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Provision Availability

ProvisionLocativeAvailability

Service

TemporalEntity

is lo

catio

n t

ha

t se

rvic

e

can

be

pro

vid

ed

to

can

be

pro

vide

d d

urin

g/a

t

LocativeEntity

is t

he

typ

e o

f lo

catio

n t

ha

t se

rvic

e c

an

be

pro

vid

ed

to

LocativeEntityType

ha

s ne

go

tiab

le

tem

po

ral p

rovisio

na

vaila

bility

is con

tinu

ou

slya

vaila

ble

tem

po

rally

for p

rovisio

n

ProvisionLocation

(id)is offered for

service...

PL1 S1

(PL

1,S

1)

(PL

1,S

1)

T7

T8

L6

PL

1

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Locative EntitiesLocativeCommonName

LocativeEntity

has locative entity type of

LocativeEntityType

(desc) {P, O, R, A, M, U, I, E, S, MP, PA, SA, SDR}

is common name for

Point

Route

Region

Address

PhoneNumber

URI

IPAddress

EthernetAddress

Spectrumhas locative entity

condition of

Condition

StreetDirectory

Reference

Name

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Route

Route

each Route is a LocativeEntity that is of LocativeEntityType ‘O’

has indicative routetype of

RouteType(desc)

{Bus, Plane, Rail, Highway}

has route name of

RouteName

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Route Specification

>=2

Point

RouteSpecification

(id) consists of … with order of ...

Integer+

OperationType

has route … operation using ...Route

has route specification of

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Region

Region

has regiontype of

RegionType(desc)

{Country, State, Province,Territory, Suburb, County, Republic, Continent ...}

has regionname of

RegionName

has alias of

Point

each Region is a LocativeEntity that is of LocativeEntityType ‘R’

R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8

CountryStateCitySuburbCountryContinentCountryCity

R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8

AustraliaQueenslandBrisbaneMiltonPortugalEuropeFranceSurfers Paradise

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Region Specification

Point

≥ 3

has boundary point of .. with order ...

Integer+Operation

Type

has

regi

onal

.. o

pera

tion

usin

g...

Region

RegionSpecification

(id)

has region specification of

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Temporal Entity

TemporalCommonName

TemporalEntity(id)

TimeTemporalInterval

is temporal entity type for

TemporalEntityType

(desc)

{DT, ITV, DUR, TIM, A, RD, RM, RDM, RDWM, OrdDate, CalMth, CalDate, WkDate}

TemporalDate

TemporalDuration

has temporal entity condition of

Condition

has common name of

Name

applies to location

LocativeEntity

T3 Midnight

{T3, Midnight} R1

T3A

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Temporal Dates

TemporalDate

WeekDate

has day ofm

onth number of

has day of week

number of

has week num

ber

DayOfMonth

Number+

{1..31}

WeekNumber+

{1..52}

DayOfWeek

Number+

{1..7}

U

CalendarDate

CalendarMonthDate

has month num

ber

MonthNumber+

{1..12}

has day of year num

ber of

DayOfYear

Number+

OrdinalDate

{1..366}

Year(AD)+

has year of

UU

U

is a leap year

*

T1T12T13T18T21

20042004200420042001

T1

T12

T13

T21

89104T1

T12

T13

T21

27172030

T22T23T24T25

2003200420002001

T22

T23

T24

T25

1211123

T22

T23

T24

T25

189115

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Pricing Obligation

PricingObligation

Obligation

TemporalEntity

requires customised pricing/quote

has negotiable price

Condition

has pricing obligation conditions of

RelationshipObligation

is required to receive

has refund conditions of

has refund procedure of

Procedure

has available payeediscount of

PayeeDiscount

LocativeEntity

has price validity of...at location ...

OB3 OB2

OB2 T16 L6

relates to request type of

RequestType

relates toprovision

OB2 http://___/

OB2 http://___/

OB2 http://___/

OB2 DISC2OB2

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Price

ServicePrice

Price(id)is price type of

PriceType(desc)

{Abs, Pro, Rgd, Dyn}

AbsolutePrice

ProportionalPrice

RangedPrice

DynamicPrice

PricingObligation

Pricing obligation ..results in price of ..

addi

tiona

l cap

abili

tyav

aila

ble

at s

ervi

ce

pric

e of

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Price (Cont’d)

has inclusive tax ofTaxItem(desc)

Percent(%)+

{GST, VAT, FederalTax, StateTax}

has exclusive tax of

has tax rate of .. for region...

Region

has modifier of

PriceModifier(desc)

{Exact, Limited to, From, Inclusive}

valid only with usage ofadditional service

Service

ServicePrice

Right

provides right of

(OB2,PR1) GST

GST 10 R1(OB2,PR1) Exact

(OB2,PR1) RAC1

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Price Granularity

ItemGranularity

Granularity(desc)

has granularity of

UnitOfMeasure(desc)

has unit of

has cardinality of

Number+

ItemGranularityNumber+

has number of

has price granularity of

U®

® for each ItemGranularity: ItemGranularityNumber values are sequential from 1

ServicePrice

(OB2,PR1)(OB2,PR1)

IG1IG2

IG1IG2

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IG1IG2

adultnight

adultnight

persontime

IG1IG2

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relates to

Item(desc)

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Rights

Right(id)

RightOfRecourse

RightOfSuspension

RightOfAccess

RightOfTermination

RightOfPrivacy

RightOfWarranty

RightOfDisclosure

RightOfExtension

RightOfRefusal

has right type of

RightType

(desc)

{R, E, X, C, S, T, P, W, D, I, O, L}

has right name

has temporal validity of

TemporalEntity

Name

is granted to

ServicePartyType

RegisteredIPRight

RightOfCoolingOffPeriod

RightOfLiability

Limitation

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Quality

Standard

has name of

AuthorName

has publication date of

TemporalDate

U

has status of

StatusName

is supported conformancelevel for

StandardLevelName

is publisher of

Provider

has author of

has version of

is available at

LocativeEntity

is publisher of

ServiceIndustry

STD1STD4

21.1

STD1STD3

ISO Technical Committee 176Deloitte

STD1

STD2STD3STD4

Quality management systems: Fundamentals and VocabularyMichelin Guide France 2004Hotel Benchmark SurveyWeb Service Description Language

STD1 Published

STD1STD2STD3STD4

P8P9P10P11

STD1STD2STD3STD4

T24T18T18T25

is coverage of

Region

STD2R7

VersionNumber+

TitleName

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Next Steps

Interested in augmenting this work with an existing standard.

Undertake validation of this work as part of the completion of my PhD studies (July 05 – Jan 06).

Determine other applications (Perhaps decision support wrt services).

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Sources and References Justin O'Sullivan, David Edmond and Arthur HM ter

Hofstede. Formal description of non-functional service properties. Technical Report FIT-TR-2005-01, Centre for Information Technology Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 2005.

http://www.bpm.fit.qut.edu.au/about/docs/non-functional.jspMade available via:

http://www.service-description.com/ J O'Sullivan, D Edmond & AHM ter Hofstede, What's in a

Service? Towards Accurate Description of Non-Functional Service Properties, Distributed and Parallel Databases, 2(2-3):117-133, 2002.

Yellow Pages (Australia) http://www.yellowpages.com.au/

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Questions

Any questions??