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1
The Union in PerilCP Chapter
10
2
Politics of SlaveryNorth and South
Each has their own economy Each has their own society
Essentially 2 countries in one
3
Wilmot Proviso
1846 Dem Congressman David Wilmot suggests:
All territory gained from Mexico be prohibited from Slavery.
4
Wilmot Proviso
NorthFavored since
south voted down internal improvements
Southslaves were
property & it was protected by Const.
5
Wilmot Proviso Arguments
1. Antislavery Northerners cited NW Ordinance of 1787 which forbade slavery to north of Ohio River as proof framers did not want to expand slavery
2. Southerners (John C. Calhoun) argued that all lands acquired should become slave-holding
6
Wilmot Proviso Arguments…
3. Moderates suggest extending 36*30’ line into Western Territory (Polk)
4. Others suggest “Popular Sovereignty” Settlers of land decide through local
governments
7
California•Requests admission as Free State…
•President Taylor supports this
Southerners – oppose it
Southern Congressmen try to block
8
Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay steps in and attempts to present compromise in May 1850.
Similar to Missouri Compromise
There were 5 points to Clay’s Proposal
9
Compromise of 1850
California admitted as a free state.
Rest of Territory split in half between Utah & N. Mexico
10
In Utah & N. MexicoThe people would decide slavery.
Popular sovereignty
Compromise of 1850
11
Compromise of 1850
Texas would give up its claim to part of New Mexico and US gov’t would pay $10 million in war debt.
12
Slavery would still exist
Prohibit slave trade in D.C.
Compromise of 1850
13
New fugitive slave law enacted.
Requires all citizens to assist in capture and return of slaves.
Compromise of 1850
14
Henry Clay
Throws Congress into 8 month debate“GREAT DEBATE”
Both North & South argue that it is too lenient on Opposite side
15
Clay defended resolutions…
Feared alternative would be disunion
Possibly War
Senate rejects Compromise of 1850.
16
How it was achieved
Taylor dies and VP Millard Fillmore steps in
Stephen Douglas steps in for Clay as Speaker of House
Introduces them one at a time…
Compromise Passed after 8 months
17
VIOLENCE, PROTEST, & RESISTENCE
18
Fugitive Slave Act
Not entitled to trialStatement from slave owner was all that
was needed$10 for returning slaves$1000 fine & 6 months in jail for aiding
slave
19
Underground railroad
This was created as an network of people that helped aid slaves.
Harriet Tubman the most famous conductor
20
Harriet Beecher Stowe Convinced people slavery was
not just a political issue.It was morally wrong.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
21
Repeal Missouri CompromiseTerritories have the right to “popular
sovereignty.”Divide into 2 statesKansas – slaveNebraska - free
Kansas-Nebraska Act
22
“Bleeding Kansas”
A.Sack of Lawrence
Founded by antislavery
Proslavery jury labeled them traitors
Proslavery posse burned Lawrence
B.Pottawatomie Massacre
John Brown, abolitionist pulled 5 proslavery men out of bed and cut-off
their hands and stabbed them with a broadsword.
23
Political PartiesWhig party ends over slavery.Democratic Party also weakKnow-Nothings formed but
will split over SLAVERY
24
The American party formed promoting nativism.
A.k.a. the Know-Nothing Party.Eventually split over slavery.
Political Parties introduced
25
Political Parties Introduced
Free-Soil Party favored not extending slavery into new territory
26
Political Parties continued…
Republican party grows out of Northern Whigs, antislavery Democrats, & Free-Soilers.
Drew support from a wide range of areas.
27
Leading up to Secession
Dred Scot decisionDred Scot vs Sanford
28
Lecompton Constitution: Written by proslavery even though
they were outnumbered 10-1 in Kansas.
Leading up to Secession
29
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Lincoln challenges Douglas to 7 debates
Douglas – believed in pop. sovereignty
Lincoln – slavery was wrong
30
Freeport Doctrine
2nd Debate “Could Settlers exclude slavery before a
territory became a state?” “Slavery cannot exist a day or an hour
anywhere, unless it is supported by the local police regulations.
Douglas wins the seat in Senate.
31
attempted to take an arsenal at Harpers Ferry for slave uprising
Threat put down by US Marines.Brown was hanged for high treason.
John Brown
32
1860 ElectionRepublican Lincoln
won the election
33
Party Stand on Slavery
Rank in Popular
Vote
Rank in Electoral College
Lincoln Republican Condemnation 1 1
Douglas Northern Democrat
Backward system
4 3
Breckin-ridge
Southern Democrat
Supported 2 4Bell Constitutional
UnionNo stand 3 2
34
SecessionSouth Carolina left the Union in
December 1860.
35
Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, & Alabama, followed.
Southern States follow S.C.
36
North Carolina, Virginia, Arkansas, & Tennessee leave
Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers.
37
Confederate States of America
Government of the southern states.
Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was President
38
Border States
Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, & Delaware
Important to Lincoln.
39
THE END