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The City School Gulshan Senior Girls

Welcome ٓا�مدید خوش to Computer Studies: 7010/1/2/3

By Sabihuddin Ahmed

Agenda

1. Introduction to Computer studies 2. Subject Aims3. Learning Outcomes4. Key-worded Syllabus5. Syllabus Coverage6. Curriculum Contents7. History of Computer8. Generation of Computers9. The Big Picture10. What is Computer11. Inside Computer12. Layers of Computer13. Layers of Software

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An Introduction to Computer Studies

Computer studies is a rapidly changing and increasingly popular subject area.

This subject is intended for students who are meeting the subject for the first time.

It gives full coverage of computer applications, the core and optional material from many examination syllabuses and is particularly relevant to students taking Computer Studies

7010/1/2/3, Cambridge O-level or International GCSE examinations.

Major features include: full coverage of applications; a structured introduction to programming in a language-independent style;

extensive coverage of techniques in systems analysis and design, algorithms, flow charts, DFDs and other areas of computers.

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• The aims of this subject are to provide an introduction to computing concepts and the technologies behind it, and

• To develop basic skills, analysis and logically applying in using software tools for productivity gains and utilizing the computer. 

• No prior programming or computer science experience is required.

• (state what the student is expected to be able to do at the end of the course according to a given standard of performance)

Subject Aims:

Course Intended Learning Outcomes (CILOs)

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1. Demonstrate  knowledge of the basic operation and organization of a computer system;2. Demonstrate knowledge of  the structure and operation of computer and the Internet;3. Efficiently use common end-user productivity software tools;4. Effectively use common Internet applications;5. Do basic database application and posting;6. Identify security risks in computer systems7. Identify methods of security either logical or physical8. Economic and social implication of computer on society9. Other related business, industrial and indigenous issues of computers

Learning OutcomesBy: Sabihuddin Ahmed

Computer Studies: By Sabihuddin Ahmed 6

1. SDLC, Algorithms, Flow charts, DFDs, ERDs, databases

2. Ms-Office—access, excel, word 3. Operating systems, softwares,

hardware & peripheral devices 4. Communication systems, data

logging, ATMs 5. Pseudo-codes, loops,

conditional statements gantt chart

6. Programming in BASIC/VB 7. Input & output devices, optical

devices 8. Printers 9. Networks (LAN, MAN & WAN),

network devices, internet 10. Data checking 11. Utility programs, translators,

DBMS, system software

12. Microprocessors 13. Digital devices 14. Classification of

computers 15. Types of

computers 16. Distributed

systems 17. Sensors, robots 18. ISP service

providers 19. Measuring units,

bits & bytes, signals, buses

20. Interfaces 21. Controlled

systems 22. Storage devices

23. Memories (internal/primary & secondary/external)

24. Computer securities 25. Computer misuse acts 26. social and economic

implications of computers in the society

27. E-Commerce related topics (online sales, purchases and buying)

28. Real-time, on-line, off-line, batch processing

29. Parities 30. Weather forecasting 31. AD & DA converters 32. Real world problems & 33. Other referential

material.

Key-worded Syllabus

Note: See Cambridge Syllabus for comprehensive contents.

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Syllabus 2010 - 2012By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

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Curriculum Contents

The sections of the syllabus are:

1 Applications of computers and their social and economic implications

2 System analysis3 Problem solution, including algorithm design and

programming concepts4 Generic software and the organisation of data5 Hardware, systems and communication6 Topics to be covered in Paper 3: Alternative to

Coursework.

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History of Computing

• Abacus: appeared around 16th century BC– Developed in Babylonia – Imported to China and improved substantially

around 1200’s BC– Modern abacus is an improved variety from

Japan after the World War II• Pascal’s Arithmetic Machine (Pascaline)

– French mathematician, physicist, theologian, philosopher

– The first mechanical calculator– Developed in 1642 (only at 19 years old)

• only add/subtract• 10 toothed wheels

• Leibniz’s Calculator– Developed in 1673 based on Pascal’s

machine– Can do add/subtract/multiply/divide

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Computer Generations

• 1st generation computers– Vacuum tube, 1946-1957, 40K operations/sec

• 2nd generation computers– Transistor, 1958-1964, 200 K operations/sec

• Smaller, cheaper, less heat dissipation• William Shockley et al. in 1947 at Bell Labs

• 3rd generation computers– SSI, MSI, 1965-1971, 1 M operations/sec

• 4th generation computers– LSI, 1972-1977, 10 M operations/sec

• 5th generation computers– VLSI, 1978 to date, 100 M operations/sec

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Computer Studies: By Sabihuddin Ahmed 11

The Big Picture

Com puters

InformationTechnology

ComputerStudies

GeneralApplications

SpecialApplications Comm M edia

M S-W ORD

M S-EXCEL

M S-PPOINT

CAD/CAM

CBL/CAL

CUSTOM

Hardware Software

ComputerScience

Languages

Drivers

DBM S

M icroProcessor

Devices

Peripherals

Guided

Unguided

M essaging

Cable

Internet

Print

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Computer: What is a Computer?By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

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What’s Inside a Computer System?By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

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What is Computer?

• Computer– A kind of digital system

• All the information is represented, stored, and processed in binary digits.– A programmable device

• Processor inside – microprocessors, digital signal processor (DSP), microcontroller, etc.• Processors can be programmed using their machine instructions.

• Hardware– The physical elements of a computing system

• Printer, mother boards, wires, keyboard, CPU, DRAM, HDD, CD-ROM, network cards, ..

• Software– The programs that provide the instructions for a computer to execute

• Operating systems: Windows, Linux, MacOS• Translators: C compilers, Java interpreters, FORTRAN compilers• Applications; Internet Explorer, Microsoft Office, flight simulators, games, et

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Layers of a Computer SystemBy: Sabihuddin Ahmed

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• Information Layer– How to represent numbers, texts, images, audios, and videos– All the information is represented using binary digits, i.e. bits (0s and 1s)

• Hardware Layer– Physical components; CPU, memory, HDD, motherboards, gates and circuits

• Programming Layer– Machine language, assembly language, high-level language, software

• Operating System Layer– Interact with users, schedule programs, and manage hardware resources

• Application Layer– Solve real-world problems– Run application programs to use computer’s abilities to perform various tasks

• Communication Layer– Computers are connected into networks so that they can share information and

resources

Layers of a Computer System: Cont’d…

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Layers of Software

Low-level languages

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1. Application Package: A software package that is created for a specific purpose or industry.

2. System Software: System software refers to the files and programs that make up your computer's operating system. System files include libraries of functions, system services, drivers for printers and other hardware, system preferences, and other configuration files. The programs that are part of the system software include assemblers, compilers, file management tools, system utilities, and debuggers.

3. High-Level Languages: A programming language such as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer. Such languages are considered high-level because they are closer to human languages and further from machine languages.

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4. Assembly Language: Assembly languages have the same structure and set of commands as machine languages, but they enable a programmer to use names instead of numbers.Each type of CPU has its own machine language and assembly language, so an assembly language program written for one type of CPU won't run on another.

5. Machine Language: Machine languages are the only languages understood by computers. While easily understood by computers, machine languages are almost impossible for humans to use because they consist entirely of numbers.

Low-level languages:

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Good Luck For your Future Endeavors!

The City SchoolGulshan Senior Girls

By: Sabihuddin Ahmed