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Russia’s Priorities to Space Exploration and International
Cooperation
Russia’s Priorities to Space Exploration and International
Cooperation
by
Nikolai Anfimov
Director General TsNIIMASH,Russia’s Federal Space Agency
by
Nikolai Anfimov
Director General TsNIIMASH,Russia’s Federal Space Agency
SymposiumSPACE EXPLORATION AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Washington D.C., June 21-22, 2004
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Since the first years of the space era Russia pursued a policy of extended utilization of the outer space in the interests of science and economy and that of applied studies implementation on the basis of international cooperation (the beginning was in 1965 with the INTERKOSMOS program in which 10 countries participated, mainly from the Eastern Europe). Flights of foreign astronauts aboard Russian spacecraft and orbital stations, including MIR Station, Apollo-Soyuz Test Program, international cooperation and partnership in the ISS and in other international scientific space programs have clearly demonstrated Russia’s adherence to effective models of partnership and international cooperation.
Russia's space policy
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Orbital constellation Number of objects - 92
108 Enterprises 84 state enterprises 24 JSC
Sp
ac
e v
eh
icle
la
un
ch
es
.S
pa
ce
ve
hic
le l
au
nc
he
s.
Launch sites Baiconur, Plesetsk and Svobodnyi with supporting
infrastructure
R o ck et a n d sp a ce tech n ic s p ro d u ctio nP la n ts , te c h n o lo g ic a l
in s ti tu te s
D esig n o f ro ck et a n d sp a ce sy stem s, R & D . R esea rch in st itu te s , d es ig n b u rea n ,
sc ien tific -p ro d u ctio n a sso c ia tio n s
Application of space activity results:
•defense •socio-economical sphere
•scientific research •international cooperation
Test fa c ilit ie s fo r g ro u n d te s tin g o f ro ck et a n d
sp a ce tech n ic s
Based on a tremendous technological experience and created space potential Russia is in position to undertake large-scale space programs and initiatives.
Russia's space potential
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Rockot
Soyuz
International cooperation in space
INTEGRAL
Proton
Russia pursues a policy on active integration into international space projects together with European countries, USA, Canada, Japan, China et al.
22 agreements between the Russian Federal Space Agency and European Space Agency, national space agencies of USA, France and many other countries have been signed and are in force.
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Prospect and priority areas of cosmonauticsevolution in the XXI century
Provision of global information exchange accessible for all people in the world.
Optimal transportation means operation and employment. Solution of environment problems. Optimal management of the Earth natural resources. Reliable prediction of natural catastrophes,
primarily the earthquakes. Solution of large-scale extraterrestrial problems of human
survival. Radical cost reduction for payload launching into
the space in the intrests of extended space exploration. Preventing the outer space from contamination with space
debris. Advancement of human space flights
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• the ISS deployment finalization, operation and utilisation;• establishment of a unified global international navigation system based on integration of the GPS, GLONASS and Galileo systems;• extension of international cooperation in advancing and improving the GMES integrated system on the basis of novel technologies for the Earth remote sensing;• extension of fundamental research efforts based on modern
space technology capabilities (within such international programs as the INTEGRAL, Spectr, Mars-Surveyor, Aurora, etc);• extension of international cooperation in advancing and improving launch vehicles and facilities (the Soyuz Kourou program, the ATV for the ISS support operations, the FSA-CNES cooperation program, etc.)
Near-term space activity areas
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Human & Robotic Space Exploration
Soviet and Russian Space Programs were leaning ever on combination of robotic and human missions
The concept of the Russian Federation space program advancement for basic space sciences in the period of 2006 2015 specifies an active participation in global space programs and projects as well as joining the partnerships in extending the outer space exploration as one of the primary objectives of Russia’s international cooperation in the space research and application areas.
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Soviet-Russian interplanetary robotic missions
The Moon fly-buy Back side of the Moon (photo)
Soft landing on the Moon surface Moon soil sample return
Mars-3
Lunokhod –1,2
Mars - 96
Phobos
“Venera-9” space station accomplished soft landing on
VenusHalley comet image
obtained with Vega-1
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1986 - European Giotto spacecraft was expected to be 10,000 km away
from the comet instead of planned 500 km.
The ephemerid support based on information sent back from Soviet
Vega-1, Vega-2 automatic probes and transmitted through US radar station
would allow Giotto to home in with great accuracy on Halley's solid heart.
VegaGiotto
“Lotsman” project – support of the “Giotto” rendezvous with Halley comet
International cooperation in space
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“Phobos-Soil” interplanetary mission (2009)
Earth
Sun
Mars Phobos
LV launchInjection intothe reference orbit
Deployment of the electric propulsion moduleAcceleration with the help of the electric propulsion system
Earth - Mars transfer
Separation of the electricpropulsion module
Injection into Phobos's orbitInjection into trajectoryof the Mars - Earth transfer
Separation of thereturn vehicle
Mars - Earth transfer
Separation of the descentmodule with the soil container
soil scoopingLanding and
of the rocketLaunch
with PhobosRendezvous
Injection into trajectory of the Earth - Mars transfer
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Evolution of Mars human mission concept
Key technologies consideration is recently
revised under the program Mars-XXI
(1960-2003)
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Concluding Remarks
• In support of the US President’s Space Exploration Vision it would be appropriate to underline advisability for establishing a more extended long-term space strategy oriented at both solution of global human problems and implementation of President George W. Bush’s space policy of Moon and Mars exploration.
• Such approach would comply with actual human interests since it would establish conditions for implementing the UN proclaimed strategy of sustained world society advancement.