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1
Regional Wind Energy
Purchase
Ann ElsenEnergy Planner
Montgomery County, MDEnvironmental Protection
2
Big dogs eat first.
3
“Green” Power
Everything Else
4
. It’s not easy being green .
Cities for Climate Protection Green Power Partnership
Wind Energy Resolution
State Implementation Plan
5
Metropolitan Washington
Council of Governments
(COG)
6
State Implementation Plan (SIP)
• Compliance with Clean Air Act• Reduce ground-level ozone by
reducing precursors: NOx and VOC
• Safeguard federal transportation dollars
7
Emissions
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Pennsylvania
New York
Virginia
Maryland
Delaware
NOxVOC
ton
s p
er
year
8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Maryland
Pennsylvania
New YorkVirg
inia
Delaware
Ground-Level Ozone
# Days above 1-hour standard
9
So, where does the ozone come from?
“Ozone Transport”
10
11
12
Locations of 50 Largest Power Plants in US
13
PJM Control AreaNY
MD
WV
DE
OH
NJ
PA
VA
14
Emissions “Offset”• We buy wind from area where NOx
emissions occur (ozone transport)
• Wind power “offsets” some coal power generation
• MDE (or equivalent) awards NOx “allowances”
• Allowances are retired
• Credit for “allowances” taken in SIP
15
Price Premium:
1.5 ¢ 2 ¢ (per kWh)
Price for Wind Depends On:• Size of purchase• Contract term• NOT electricity rates
Cost of Wind Power
16
Cost by Agency
Agency 5% WindkWh
cost @ 1.5 cents
cost @ 2 cents
Water 10,914,544 $163,718 $218,291
Schools 9,241,066 $138,616 $184,821
Government 3,549,996 $53,250 $71,000
Parks 2,525,126 $37,877 $50,503
Housing 1,282,956 $19,244 $25,659
College 1,217,320 $18,260 $24,346
Total 28,731,008 $430,965 $574,620
17
Control Measure Cost (ton/year)
Wind Energy $32,000
CNG Refueling Stations $54,701
55 CNG Busses $103,063
1967 Bike Lockers $247,111
Cost Effective NOx Reduction
18
Easily Replicated by Other“Non-Attainment” Jurisdictions
19
Resources• Montgomery County Department of
Environmental Protection: http://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/deptmpl.asp?url=/Content/dep/index.asp
• Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments: http://www.mwcog.org
• Green Power Partnership: http://www.epa.gov/greenpower/
• American Wind Energy Association: http://www.awea.org/