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SIPsRECs
&RPS
Ann Elsen
Energy Planner
Montgomery County
Overview• Montgomery County wind energy purchase• How renewable energy improves the air• SIP can be a market driver.• So, what exactly is a REC?• How an RPS can help and/or harm a
renewable energy market.• Montgomery County residential & business
incentive program
Montgomery County GovernmentMontgomery County Public SchoolsMontgomery CollegeMaryland National Capital Park & Planning CommissionMontgomery County Housing Opportunities CommissionWashington Suburban Sanitary CommissionPrince George's County GovernmentCity of RockvilleGaithersburgTakoma ParkCity of College ParkRockville Housing AuthorityTown of KensingtonChevy Chase VillageSomersetGlenn EchoChevy Chase Sect. 5Town of LaytonsvilleE
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We’ll pay more for power when…
Maryland Department of Environment
Locations of 50 Largest Power Plants in US
Source: NOAA
Maryland Department of Environment
PJM Control AreaNY
MD
WV
DE
OH
NJ
PA
VA
Montgomery County Wind Purchase
• Two year contract began July 1, 2004
• 38.4 million kWh/year = 5%
• Price premium of $0.01498 per kWh
• Total aggregate cost of $575,408/yr
New EPA Guidance for SIPs• Encourages the use of renewable energy as
a “voluntary control measure.”• Sites the Montgomery County wind energy
purchase as an example. • Provides a sample methodology for
calculating emissions reductions.• Is easier to apply in states with NOx “set-
aside,” but can be applied in any location where power plant emissions are a significant contributor to air quality problems.
REC Defined by Contract• Includes all environmental attributes, and
transfer of rights, certificates, values and/or credits (even if not yet developed)
• Generation must occur within term of contract.• Generation must occur within a defined
geographic area.• Annual reporting of kWh delivered into PJM• Annual reporting of kWh generated during
“ozone season”
The Devil is…
…in the details.
ee e
Creation of a REC
1 MWh Renewable Electricity
1 REC1 MWh
Ordinary Power
Renewable AttributesElectricity
Zero-emission “new” wind energy generated at a location within a defined geographic region determined to provide local air quality benefits, and at a facility meeting environmental criteria including minimal impacts upon wildlife.
Combustion of municipal solid waste combined with landfill methane and biomass
Generation Attributes1. What --- 1 megawatt hour of
electricity2. How ---- fuel mix &
combustion emissions
3. When -- generation date or REC creation/registration?
4. Where - within state, control area, region?
Which is the NOx “allowance?”
Is it an additional commodity to be traded on an open market, or an integral part of the renewable energy product?
A Closer Look at RECs
Voluntary Market: Customers: individuals, businesses, governments, suppliers
I buy RECs because I want to.[environmental, political, financial or personal motivation]
Compliance Market: Customers: suppliers only
I buy RECs because I have to.[Renewable Portfolio Standard]
Has the REC that I purchased been used to meet a Renewable Portfolio Standard or environmental disclosure requirement?
Need for Seamless Legislative and Regulatory Coordination of:
• Renewable Portfolio Standard
• Environmental Disclosure Requirements
• Registry and/or tracking system for RECs
• Consumer Protection
• Consumer Education
Example: Voluntary Electricity Purchase Including 5% Renewable
• If total electricity sale is 100 MWh, RPS at 3%• Buyer believes 5 MWh renewable or 5 RECs
have been purchased.• 3 of the 5 RECs are counted toward suppleirs
RPS requirement.• All 5 RECs are included in supplier’s
Environmental Information Label• Supplier is required to disclose this to buyer.• Buyer is confused.
The Big Issues for States
• What “Attributes” should make up a REC?
• Separation of Voluntary and Compliance markets
• Prevention of “double counting” of RECs in RPS, voluntary purchases, environmental disclosure.
A Renewable Portfolio Standard
is a VERY GOOD thing, and…
The Devil is…
…in the details.
The End.
Contact Information:
Ann ElsenEnergy Planner
Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection
