1 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Week 2 February 1 PL/SQLPL/SQL Creating a FormCreating a Form

1

R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, SacramentoR. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento

Week 2Week 2February 1February 1

• PL/SQLPL/SQL• Creating a FormCreating a Form

2


Coding StandardsCoding Standards

• Element names (functions, objects, variables, etc.): 30-Element names (functions, objects, variables, etc.): 30-character maximum length character maximum length

• Uppercase letters for keywordsUppercase letters for keywords• Lowercase letters for user-defined elementsLowercase letters for user-defined elements• 80 characters per line80 characters per line

– One command per lineOne command per line• CommentsComments

– Header comments: /* Header comments: /* comment comment */ */– Inline comments: -- Inline comments: -- commentcomment

• Prefix object namesPrefix object names

3


PL/SQLPL/SQLProcessing Language/SQLProcessing Language/SQL

• Procedural processing language for various Oracle tools:Procedural processing language for various Oracle tools:

– FormsForms

– ReportsReports

– GraphicsGraphics

• Character set Character set

– Alphabetic, numeric and special charactersAlphabetic, numeric and special characters

– Arithmetic and relational operatorsArithmetic and relational operators

– Others (;, ., :=, | |, --, /* */)Others (;, ., :=, | |, --, /* */)

4


PL/SQL BlockPL/SQL Block

Declaration SectionDeclaration Section

Executable Section Executable Section

Exception Section Exception Section

Declares variables and constants Declares variables and constants (optional).(optional).

Procedural Procedural programmingprogramming

Defines the exception Defines the exception handlers invoked for both handlers invoked for both predefined and user-defined predefined and user-defined exceptions (optional).exceptions (optional).

5


PL/SQL BlockPL/SQL Block

Declare sectionDeclare section

Exception sectionException section

Executable Executable sectionsection

6


PL/SQLPL/SQLDeclaration SectionDeclaration Section

• Declare variable and constant names and types Declare variable and constant names and types

• Data typesData types

– Character (varchar2)Character (varchar2)

– NumericNumeric

– DateDate

– BooleanBoolean

7


Variable and Constant DeclarationVariable and Constant Declaration

• Defines the existence of all variables used in the procedureDefines the existence of all variables used in the procedure......declaredeclarevariable-namevariable-name data-typedata-type;;constant-nameconstant-name := := valuevalue;;

– For example...For example...declaredeclareline_count number;line_count number;product_request varchar2(10);product_request varchar2(10);max_count := 20;max_count := 20;

Data types

Constant

8


For Example...For Example...

declare declare product_request varchar2(3);product_request varchar2(3);product_descrip varchar(30);product_descrip varchar(30);price real;price real;cursor product iscursor product is

select product_description, product_msrp from productsselect product_description, product_msrp from productswhere manufacturer_code = product_request;where manufacturer_code = product_request;

......begin;begin;

open product;open product;looploop

fetch product into product_descrip, price;fetch product into product_descrip, price;......close product;close product;Order of variables Order of variables mustmust match the order in the select match the order in the select

Query assigned to “product”

9


Executable SectionExecutable Section

• Types of statementsTypes of statements

– AssignmentAssignment

– Flow-of-controlFlow-of-control

– SQLSQL

– CursorCursor

• All statements All statements mustmust be terminated by a semi-colon (;) be terminated by a semi-colon (;)

10


Exception SectionException Section

• Instructs PL/SQL how to handle particular exceptionsInstructs PL/SQL how to handle particular exceptions

exceptionexceptionwhen when exception-nameexception-name then then

PL/SQL statementsPL/SQL statements;;when when exception-nameexception-name then then

PL/SQL statementsPL/SQL statements;;end;end;

11


Exception NamesException Names

• Predefined - Defined in OraclePredefined - Defined in Oracle

– DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX (duplicate value on a unique DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX (duplicate value on a unique index)index)

– INVALID_NUMBER INVALID_NUMBER

– NO_DATA_FOUND (no rows returned)NO_DATA_FOUND (no rows returned)

– TOO_MANY_ROWS (multiple rows returned)TOO_MANY_ROWS (multiple rows returned)

– VALUE_ERROR VALUE_ERROR

• User-defined - Defined in the declarations as an exception User-defined - Defined in the declarations as an exception (data type).(data type).

12


Oracle DeveloperOracle Developer

• Forms (interactive)Forms (interactive)

– Presenting information and entering data onlinePresenting information and entering data online

• Reports (reporting)Reports (reporting)

– Page-oriented display of informationPage-oriented display of information

• Graphics (charts)Graphics (charts)

– Graphic representation of dataGraphic representation of data

13


14


Forms DesignerForms Designer

• Four major componentsFour major components

– Object NavigatorObject Navigator

– Layout editorLayout editor

– Property palette (sheet)Property palette (sheet)

– PL/SQL editorPL/SQL editor

15


Object NavigatorObject Navigator

Forms Forms modulemodule with various with various objectsobjects

ModulesModulesModules:Modules:• FormsForms• MenuMenu• LibrariesLibraries• Built-in PackagesBuilt-in Packages• Database ObjectsDatabase Objects

16


ToolbarToolbar

Object type HierarchyObject type HierarchySpecifies the order in Specifies the order in which objects and items which objects and items are executedare executed

MenusMenus

17


Window and Canvas ObjectsWindow and Canvas Objects

WindowWindow

Canvas-ViewCanvas-View

Interface ItemInterface Item

Boilerplate objectsBoilerplate objects(lines, images, boxes, etc.)(lines, images, boxes, etc.)


Four types of canvas-views: Four types of canvas-views: Content, Stacked, Horizontal Content, Stacked, Horizontal Toolbar, and Vertical ToolbarToolbar, and Vertical Toolbar

18


Window-Canvas-Block-Items RelationshipWindow-Canvas-Block-Items Relationship

WindowWindow


BlockBlock

ItemsItems

PL/SQLPL/SQL

Menu objectMenu object

19


Layout EditorLayout Editor

Tool paletteTool palette

Tool barTool bar

Layout work areaLayout work area

RulersRulers

20


Property PaletteProperty Palette

Properties of the canvasProperties of the canvas

Set an Set an object’s object’s

attributesattributes

21


TriggersTriggers

Trigger Trigger Trigger Trigger

22


PL/SQL EditorPL/SQL Editor

TriggerTrigger

List of List of triggerstriggers

PL/SQL codePL/SQL code

23


Inheriting PropertiesInheriting Properties

Stereos to Go!Stereos to Go!

EnterEnter

ExitExit

Stereos to Go!Stereos to Go!

ViewView

ReportReport

GraphGraph

ExitExit

Class PropertiesClass Properties

24


Creating a Property ClassCreating a Property Class

• Create a Property Class object in the parent moduleCreate a Property Class object in the parent module

• Add the property and its valuesAdd the property and its values

• Select the object in the childSelect the object in the child

– Under Under Subclass InformationSubclass Information,,specify the property class specify the property class

25


Create the Property Class in the Create the Property Class in the ParentParent

26


Add the Properties to the ClassAdd the Properties to the Class

Added to the classAdded to the class

27


Inherit the Property Class in the Inherit the Property Class in the ChildChild

Select the object and its Select the object and its Property PaletteProperty Palette Select Select Subclass InformationSubclass Information Specify the object or property class name and its form Specify the object or property class name and its form

modulemodule

Parent moduleParent moduleProperty classProperty class

28


MenusMenus

MenusMenus

Menu Menu itemsitems

File MenuFile Menu

29


Menu ModuleMenu Module

Menu moduleMenu module

Menu objectMenu object

Menu itemsMenu items

Five Simple Steps:Five Simple Steps:Create the menu moduleCreate the menu moduleAdd the menu objectsAdd the menu objectsAdd the menu items to the menu objectsAdd the menu items to the menu objectsProgram the items in PL/SQLProgram the items in PL/SQLAttach the menu module to the form Attach the menu module to the form

modulemodule

30


Why Multiple Forms?Why Multiple Forms?

• Build more functional units (forms)Build more functional units (forms)

– Design the form to support a narrow scope of functionsDesign the form to support a narrow scope of functions

– Reduce the complexity of a single formReduce the complexity of a single form

• Reduce the time to develop and implement an applicationReduce the time to develop and implement an application

• Enhance maintainability of the applicationEnhance maintainability of the application((plug-and-play!plug-and-play!))

• Promotes reusability or Promotes reusability or cloningcloning

31


Calling and Called FormsCalling and Called Forms

CallingCalling CalledCalled

• The The callingcalling form module form module transfers control (calls, opens)transfers control (calls, opens)to the to the calledcalled form form

CALL_FORMCALL_FORM((form-module-nameform-module-name,,displaydisplay,,switch-menuswitch-menu))

– Calling form remains presentCalling form remains presentbehind the called formbehind the called form

– Called module assumes the calling module’s menu Called module assumes the calling module’s menu modulemodule

32


Calling and Called FormsCalling and Called Forms

• Upon exit of the called form,Upon exit of the called form,control returns to the calling control returns to the calling formmoduleformmodule

EXIT_FORMEXIT_FORM

CallingCalling CalledCalled

33


Calling a Form ModuleCalling a Form Module

• Create or select an item (i.e., push button) on the canvas or Create or select an item (i.e., push button) on the canvas or in the menu module in the menu module

• Program the item in the PL/SQL EditorProgram the item in the PL/SQL Editor

– Select a trigger that will activate the procedureSelect a trigger that will activate the procedure

– Enter the Enter the CALL_FORM CALL_FORM statementstatement

– Compile the codeCompile the code

• Test the form moduleTest the form module

34


Causes Oracle Forms to clear the calling form Causes Oracle Forms to clear the calling form from the screen before drawing the called form. from the screen before drawing the called form. HIDE is the default parameter. (NO_HIDE)HIDE is the default parameter. (NO_HIDE)

Form module nameForm module name Causes Oracle Forms to keep the Causes Oracle Forms to keep the default menu application of the calling default menu application of the calling form active for the called form. form active for the called form. (REPLACE)(REPLACE)

In the PL/SQL EditorIn the PL/SQL Editor

35


NEW_FORMNEW_FORM

• NEW_FORM closes the calling formNEW_FORM closes the calling form

Greeting ScreenGreeting ScreenGreeting ScreenGreeting Screen

Main MenuMain MenuMain MenuMain Menu

QueryQueryQueryQuery

NEW_FORMNEW_FORM

EXIT_FORMEXIT_FORM

EXIT_FORMEXIT_FORMMenuMenuMenuMenu

CALL_FORMCALL_FORM

36


Documents

1 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Week 2 February 1 PL/SQLPL/SQL Creating a FormCreating a Form