1 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS California State University, Sacramento Week 12 November 14 Homework 3, Part 1Homework 3, Part 1

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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS • California State University, Sacramento

Week 12Week 12November 14November 14

• Homework 3, Part 1Homework 3, Part 1

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AAdvantage Number: ABC123456AAdvantage Number: ABC123456Mr. Moki MaoMr. Moki Mao1234 Kamaàina Place, Honolulu, HI 968211234 Kamaàina Place, Honolulu, HI 96821

Jan 17, 01Jan 17, 01

Jan 17, 01Jan 17, 01

Jan 20, 01Jan 20, 01

Jan 23, 01Jan 23, 01

Jan 26, 01Jan 26, 01

Jan 26, 01Jan 26, 01

Jan 25, 01Jan 25, 01

UnitedUnited

AmericanAmerican

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

UnitedUnited

DateDate AirlineAirline Flight/ClassFlight/Class DepartDepart ArriveArrive SeatSeat

Sacarmento-Los AngelesSacarmento-Los AngelesUA2503 YUA2503 Y 9:39A9:39A 11:09A11:09A 12A12A

Los Angeles-HonoluluLos Angeles-HonoluluAA297 FAA297 F 2:00P2:00P 5:56P5:56P 25H25H

Honolulu-Kahalui, MauiHonolulu-Kahalui, MauiHA116 YHA116 Y 9:10A9:10A 9:45A9:45A 9A9A

Kahalui, Maui-KonaKahalui, Maui-KonaHA138 YHA138 Y 9:10A9:10A 9:38A9:38A 17C17C

Kona-HonoluluKona-HonoluluHA162 YHA162 Y 10:35A10:35A 11:43A11:43A 17A17A

Honolulu-San FranciscoHonolulu-San FranciscoHA12 FHA12 F 1:30P1:30P 8:25P8:25P 22G22G

San Francisco-SacramentoSan Francisco-SacramentoUA5363 YUA5363 Y 10:00P10:00P 10:45P10:45P 5A5A

Confirmation number: MCWY123Confirmation number: MCWY123Date: November 11, 2001Date: November 11, 2001

ServiceService

Flight numberFlight number ClassClassOrigin and destination citiesOrigin and destination cities

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Jan 17, 01Jan 17, 01

Jan 17, 01Jan 17, 01

Jan 20, 01Jan 20, 01

Jan 23, 01Jan 23, 01

Jan 26, 01Jan 26, 01

Jan 26, 01Jan 26, 01

Jan 25, 01Jan 25, 01

UnitedUnited

AmericanAmerican

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

UnitedUnited










ServiceService

Unique IdentifierUnique IdentifierUnique IdentifierUnique Identifier

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Jan 17, 01Jan 17, 01

Jan 17, 01Jan 17, 01

Jan 20, 01Jan 20, 01

Jan 23, 01Jan 23, 01

Jan 26, 01Jan 26, 01

Jan 26, 01Jan 26, 01

Jan 25, 01Jan 25, 01

UnitedUnited

AmericanAmerican

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

UnitedUnited










ServiceService

Confirmation Number AttributeConfirmation Number AttributeConfirmation Number AttributeConfirmation Number Attribute

AAdvantage AAdvantage Number AttributeNumber Attribute

AAdvantage AAdvantage Number AttributeNumber Attribute

Customer Name Customer Name AttributeAttribute

Customer Name Customer Name AttributeAttribute Address Address

AttributeAttributeAddress Address AttributeAttribute

City City AttributeAttribute

City City AttributeAttribute

State State AttributeAttribute

State State AttributeAttribute

Zip Code Zip Code AttributeAttributeZip Code Zip Code AttributeAttribute

Itinerary Date AttributeItinerary Date AttributeItinerary Date AttributeItinerary Date Attribute

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Jan 17, 01Jan 17, 01

Jan 17, 01Jan 17, 01

Jan 20, 01Jan 20, 01

Jan 23, 01Jan 23, 01

Jan 26, 01Jan 26, 01

Jan 26, 01Jan 26, 01

Jan 25, 01Jan 25, 01

UnitedUnited

AmericanAmerican

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

UnitedUnited










ServiceService

Repeating groupsRepeating groups(multivalue attributes)(multivalue attributes)Repeating groupsRepeating groups(multivalue attributes)(multivalue attributes)

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Jan 17, 01Jan 17, 01

Jan 17, 01Jan 17, 01

Jan 20, 01Jan 20, 01

Jan 23, 01Jan 23, 01

Jan 26, 01Jan 26, 01

Jan 26, 01Jan 26, 01

Jan 25, 01Jan 25, 01

UnitedUnited

AmericanAmerican

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

HawaiianHawaiian

UnitedUnited










ServiceService

Date Date AttributeAttribute

Date Date AttributeAttribute

Airline Airline AttributeAttributeAirline Airline

AttributeAttributeOrigin Origin

AttributeAttributeOrigin Origin

AttributeAttributeDestination Destination

AttributeAttributeDestination Destination

AttributeAttribute

Arrival Arrival Time Time

AttributeAttribute

Arrival Arrival Time Time

AttributeAttribute

Departure Departure Time Time

AttributeAttribute

Departure Departure Time Time

AttributeAttribute

Flight Flight number number AttributeAttribute

Flight Flight number number AttributeAttribute

Seat Seat AttributeAttribute

Seat Seat AttributeAttribute

Class Class AttributeAttribute

Class Class AttributeAttribute

Food Food Service Service AttributeAttribute

Food Food Service Service AttributeAttribute

Movie Movie AttributeAttributeMovie Movie

AttributeAttribute

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First Normal Form (1NF)First Normal Form (1NF)

• A relation is in first normal form if and only if every A relation is in first normal form if and only if every attribute is single-valued for each tuple.attribute is single-valued for each tuple.

– Remove all repeating groupsRemove all repeating groups

– Create a flat fileCreate a flat file

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(Confirmation_number, itinerary_date, AAdvantage_number, (Confirmation_number, itinerary_date, AAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, zip_code, flight_datecustomer_name, address, city, state, zip_code, flight_date11, ,

flight_numberflight_number11, airline, airline11, departure_time, departure_time11, arrival_time, arrival_time11, origin, origin11, ,

destinationdestination11, seat, seat11, class, class11, food_service, food_service11, movie, movie11, ,

......flight_dateflight_datenn, flight_number, flight_numbernn, airline, airlinenn, departure_time, departure_timenn, ,

arrival_timearrival_timenn, origin, originnn, destination, destinationnn, seat, seatnn, class, classnn, food_service, food_servicenn, ,

moviemovienn))

Unnormalized Data ModelUnnormalized Data Model

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1NF1NF

(Confirmation_number, itinerary_date, AAdvantage_number, (Confirmation_number, itinerary_date, AAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, zip_code, flight_date, customer_name, address, city, state, zip_code, flight_date, flight_number, airline, departure_time, arrival_time, origin, flight_number, airline, departure_time, arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)

• A relation is in first normal form if and only if every A relation is in first normal form if and only if every attribute is single-valued for each tuple.attribute is single-valued for each tuple.– Remove all repeating groupsRemove all repeating groups– Create a flat fileCreate a flat file

Key?Key?

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1NF1NF

Itineraries (Itineraries (Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, itinerary_date, , itinerary_date, AAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, AAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, zip_code, flight_date, zip_code, flight_date, flight_numberflight_number, airline, departure_time, , airline, departure_time, arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)

• A relation is in first normal form if and only if every A relation is in first normal form if and only if every attribute is single-valued for each tuple.attribute is single-valued for each tuple.– Remove all repeating groupsRemove all repeating groups– Create a flat fileCreate a flat file

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1NF1NFHow Would You Uniquely Identify Each Tuple?How Would You Uniquely Identify Each Tuple?

(MCWY123, Nov 11, 2001, ABC123456, Moki Mao, (MCWY123, Nov 11, 2001, ABC123456, Moki Mao, 1234 Kamaàina Place, Honolulu, HI, 96821, 1234 Kamaàina Place, Honolulu, HI, 96821, Jan 17, 2006, UA2503, United, 9:39 am, 11:08 am, Sacramento, Jan 17, 2006, UA2503, United, 9:39 am, 11:08 am, Sacramento, Los Angeles, 12A, Y, B, 0)Los Angeles, 12A, Y, B, 0)

(MCWY123, Nov 11, 2001, ABC123456, Moki Mao, (MCWY123, Nov 11, 2001, ABC123456, Moki Mao, 1234 Kamaàina Place, Honolulu, HI, 96821, 1234 Kamaàina Place, Honolulu, HI, 96821, Jan 17, 2006, AA297, American, 2:00 pm, 5:56 pm, Los Angeles, Jan 17, 2006, AA297, American, 2:00 pm, 5:56 pm, Los Angeles, Honolulu, 25H, F, M, 1)Honolulu, 25H, F, M, 1)

(MCWY123, Nov 11, 2001, ABC123456, Moki Mao, (MCWY123, Nov 11, 2001, ABC123456, Moki Mao, 1234 Kamaàina Place, Honolulu, HI, 96821, 1234 Kamaàina Place, Honolulu, HI, 96821, Jan 20, 2006, HA116, Hawaiian, 9:10 am, 9:45 am, Honolulu, Jan 20, 2006, HA116, Hawaiian, 9:10 am, 9:45 am, Honolulu, Kahului, 9A, Y, B, 0)Kahului, 9A, Y, B, 0)

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2NF2NF

• A relation is in second normal form if and only if it is in A relation is in second normal form if and only if it is in first normal form and the nonkey attributes are fully first normal form and the nonkey attributes are fully functionally dependent on the key.functionally dependent on the key.

1NF:1NF:

Itinearies (Itinearies (Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, itinerary_date, , itinerary_date, AAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, AAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, zip_code, flight_date, zip_code, flight_date, flight_numberflight_number, airline, departure_time, , airline, departure_time, arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)

Do we have partial dependencies? If so, where?Do we have partial dependencies? If so, where?

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2NF2NF

Itineraries (Itineraries (Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, itinerary_date, , itinerary_date, AAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, AAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, zip_code)zip_code)

Flights (Flights (Flight_numberFlight_number, flight_date, airline, departure_time, , flight_date, airline, departure_time, arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)

Is this key adequate?Is this key adequate?

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2NF2NF

Itineraries (Itineraries (Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, itinerary_date, , itinerary_date, AAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, zip_code)AAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, zip_code)

Flights (FFlights (Flight_numberlight_number, flight_date, airline, departure_time, , flight_date, airline, departure_time, arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)

Itineraries (Itineraries (Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, itinerary_date, , itinerary_date, AAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, AAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, zip_code) zip_code)

Reservations (Reservations (Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, flight_date, , flight_date, flight_numberflight_number, , airline, departure_time, arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, airline, departure_time, arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)food_service, movie)

Are there any partial dependencies?Are there any partial dependencies?

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2NF2NF


(F(Flight_numberlight_number, flight_date, airline, departure_time, arrival_time, , flight_date, airline, departure_time, arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)


Reservations (Reservations (Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, flight_date, , flight_date, flight_numberflight_number, , airline, departure_time, arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, airline, departure_time, arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)food_service, movie)

Are there any partial dependencies?Are there any partial dependencies?

Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, , flight_numberflight_number,,flight_date, flight_date, seat, seat, classclass

Flight_numberFlight_number, , airline, airline, departure_time, departure_time, arrival_time, arrival_time, origin, origin, destination, destination, food_service, food_service, moviemovie

Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, , flight_numberflight_number,,flight_date, flight_date, seat, seat, classclass

Flight_numberFlight_number, , airline, airline, departure_time, departure_time, arrival_time, arrival_time, origin, origin, destination, destination, food_service, food_service, moviemovie

These attributes These attributes depend on depend on confirmation _number confirmation _number and flight_number for and flight_number for their valuestheir values

These attributes These attributes depend on depend on flight_number for flight_number for their valuestheir values

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2NF2NF


Flights (FFlights (Flight_numberlight_number, flight_date, airline, departure_time, , flight_date, airline, departure_time, arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)arrival_time, origin, destination, seat, class, food_service, movie)


Reservations (Reservations (Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, flight_date, , flight_date, flight_numberflight_number, , seat, class)seat, class)

Flights Flights (Flight_number(Flight_number, airline, departure_time, arrival_time, , airline, departure_time, arrival_time, origin, destination, food_service, movie)origin, destination, food_service, movie)

ThereforeTherefore

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3NF3NF

• A relation is in third normal form if it is in second normal A relation is in third normal form if it is in second normal form and no nonkey attribute is transitively dependent on form and no nonkey attribute is transitively dependent on the key.the key.

– Remove transitive dependenciesRemove transitive dependencies




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3NF3NF



Itineraries (Itineraries (Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, itinerary_date, , itinerary_date, AAdvantage_numberAAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, , customer_name, address, city, state, zip_codezip_code) )



Transitive dependenciesTransitive dependencies

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3NF3NF



Itineraries (Itineraries (Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, itinerary_date, , itinerary_date, AAdvantage_numberAAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, city, state, , customer_name, address, city, state, zip_codezip_code) )



Transitive dependenciesTransitive dependencies

AAdvantage_numberAAdvantage_number, , customer_name, customer_name, addressaddress

zip_codezip_codecity, city, statestate

AAdvantage_numberAAdvantage_number, , customer_name, customer_name, addressaddress

zip_codezip_codecity, city, statestate

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3NF3NF

Itineraries (Itineraries (Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, itinerary_date, , itinerary_date, AAdvantage_number) AAdvantage_number)

Customers (Customers (AAdvantage_numberAAdvantage_number, customer_name, address, , customer_name, address, zip_code)zip_code)

Zip_codes (Zip_codes (Zip_codeZip_code, city, state) , city, state)

Reservations (Reservations (Confirmation_numberConfirmation_number, , flight_numberflight_number, flight_date, , flight_date, seat, class)seat, class)


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Documents

1 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS California State University, Sacramento Week 12 November 14 Homework 3, Part 1Homework 3, Part 1