1 of 18 - AGRENER 2006 / Curso Biocombustíveis Líquidos, June 8, 2006, Campinas, SP University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture

1 of 18 - AGRENER 2006 / Curso Biocombustíveis Líquidos, June 8, 2006, Campinas, SP

University of Zagreb University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval ArchitectureFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture

University of Zagreb University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval ArchitectureFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture

BioethanolBioethanol in Europein Europe

Policy and marketsPolicy and markets

Neven DuićNeven DuićUniversity in Zagreb

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval ArchitectureDepartment of Energy, Power Engineering and Ecology

[email protected]


Acquis CommunautaireAcquis CommunautaireAcquis CommunautaireAcquis Communautaire

• Green Paper “Towards a European strategy for the security of energy supply” - 20% alternative fuels in road transport by 2020.

• Kyoto Protocol – GHG emission reduction by 8% by 2010 relative to 1990

• White Paper on Renewable energy sources –12% RES in TPES by 2010.

RES-H: Current evolution

Biofuels5.75%

RES-E: 22.1%

10%



• White paper “European transport policy for 2010” (2001)– forecasts CO2 emission increase due to

transport at 50% 1990-2010, mainly due to road transport (84%)

– high dependence on oil (98%) reduced by alternative fuels, as biofuels

– import substitution, agriculture diversification from food to energy, GHG emission reduction

– tax reduction and crop subsidies for biofuels



• Directive 2003/17/EC amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel – up to 5% (v/v) ethanol in petrol– coming Directive revision - Spain and Sweden

propose increase to 10% (24.6.2005)• Biofuels Directive 2003/30/EC

– Indicative targets, 2% by 2005 (0.6% 2003, 0.8% 2004, at best 1.4% 2005), 5,75% by 2010

– bioethanol – up to 5%, EN 228, volatility problems in summer, SE

– E85 – SE, UK– bio-ETBE (47% biofuel) – FR, ES



• Biomass Action Plan, Dec. 2005– issues:

• national targets for the market share• biofuels obligations (FR, AT, 2006: SI, 2007: CZ,

NL, soon: UK, DE)• certificates of sustainability (non-discriminatory to

imports)• public procurement of clean vehicles• balanced approach (imports/production, currently

10%/90%)• ethanol for Diesel engines



• Biomass Action Plan, EU25– biomass production potential and

demand



• Biomass Action Plan, EU25, imports– duty free: ACP, LDC, BO, CO, CR, EC, GT,

HN, PA, PE, SV, VE, GE, LK, MN + AC, WBC, EEA

– reduced duty (15%)– duty

• €19.2/hl on undenatured alcohol• €10.2/hl on denatured alcohol.



• Biomass Action Plan, balanced approach– price control mechanism– majority of the market for bioethanol

would remain domestic– biofuels instead of sugar for preferring LDC – no deforestation and habitat destruction –

certificates for sustainable production– EU – Mercosur negotiations– Doha round of WTO


Europe – bioethanol productionEurope – bioethanol productionEurope – bioethanol productionEurope – bioethanol production

• EU strategy for biofuels, Feb. 2006 • EU bioethanol production (t)


Europe – bioethanol productionEurope – bioethanol productionEurope – bioethanol productionEurope – bioethanol production

• Biofuels in Sweden (80% bioethanol imported)


Europe – road transport fuel Europe – road transport fuel marketmarketEurope – road transport fuel Europe – road transport fuel marketmarket

• Road transport fuel demand, ktoe

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

40000019

93

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Year

Tra

ns

po

rt f

ue

l, k

toe

NorwayIcelandTurkeyRomaniaCroatiaBulgariaUnited KingdomSwedenFinlandSlovakiaSloveniaPortugalPolandAustriaNetherlandsMaltaHungaryLuxembourgLithuaniaLatviaCyprusItalyIrelandFranceSpainGreeceEstoniaGermanyDenmarkCzech RepublicBelgium

DE

ESFR

IT

UK


Europe – biofuels Europe – biofuels marketmarketEurope – biofuels Europe – biofuels marketmarket

• Biofuels market, ktoe

0

5000

10000

15000

2000019

93

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Year

Bio

fuel

s d

eman

d, k

toe


DE

ES

FR

IT

UK

1 928 750 tonsproduced

2 424 440 tonsproduced


Europe – transport fuels Europe – transport fuels marketmarketEurope – transport fuels Europe – transport fuels marketmarket

• Gasoline in total road transport fuel demand, ktoe

< 30%

30-40%

40-50%

50-60%

> 60%


Europe – bioethanol Europe – bioethanol marketmarketEurope – bioethanol Europe – bioethanol marketmarket

• Bioethanol market, ktoe, 1.9% road transport fuel market by 2010

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

19

93

19

94

19

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19

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19

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19

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00

20

01

20

02

20

03

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20

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20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

Year

Bio

eth

ano

l dem

and

, kto

e


DE

ESFR

IT

UK

SE

PL

NL


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

1200020

00

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

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2009

2010

Year

Bio

eth

ano

l dem

and

, kt


DEES

FR

IT

UK

SE

PL

Europe – bioethanol Europe – bioethanol marketmarketEurope – bioethanol Europe – bioethanol marketmarket

• Bioethanol market, kt


Europe – production costsEurope – production costsEurope – production costsEurope – production costs

• Cost of bioethanol crops, €/GJ (Biomass availability in Europe)

> 20 €/GJ

5-20 €/GJ

< 5 €/GJ


UK – bioethanol cost of supplyUK – bioethanol cost of supply UK – bioethanol cost of supplyUK – bioethanol cost of supply

• Resource costs (costs before taxation delivered to the car at a UK filling station), £/GJ, 2020

http://www.rmd.dft.gov.uk/project.asp?intProjectID=11724AEAT/ENV/ED50273/R1. International Resource Costs of Biodiesel and BioethanolAEA Technology Environment


Bioetanol u pravnoj regulativi EU i RHBioetanol u pravnoj regulativi EU i RHBioetanol u pravnoj regulativi EU i RHBioetanol u pravnoj regulativi EU i RH

Thank you for your [email protected]

http://powerlab.fsb.hr/neven

Documents

1 of 18 - AGRENER 2006 / Curso Biocombustíveis Líquidos, June 8, 2006, Campinas, SP University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture