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1 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006
The perfect tense with être
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© Boardworks Ltd 20063 of 17
Venir
Aller
Naître
Descendre
Entrer
Tomber
Rester
Arriver
Mourir
Partir
The perfect tense with être 2
Some verbs take être as their auxiliary verb. Unfortunately these must be learnt by heart. A useful way of learning them is to use the mnemonic MRS VANDETRAMP!
Some verbs take être as their auxiliary verb. Unfortunately these must be learnt by heart. A useful way of learning them is to use the mnemonic MRS VANDETRAMP!
Monter
Retourner
Sortir
Check that you know what all of these infinitives mean – there may be some here
that you have never met before, so you might have to use a dictionary!
Check that you know what all of these infinitives mean – there may be some here
that you have never met before, so you might have to use a dictionary!
© Boardworks Ltd 20064 of 17
aller, venir, arriver,
tomber, mourir, naître, entrer,
monter, rester et partir,
retourner, descendre, sortir.
Don’t forget that if you add the letters re- (or r- before a vowel) to the beginning of some of these verbs, their meaning will change slightly, but they still take être as their auxiliary verb!Eg. revenir – to come back rentrer – to return
The perfect tense with être 3
Or maybe this rhyming list will help you to remember…
Or maybe this rhyming list will help you to remember…
© Boardworks Ltd 20065 of 17
partir
revenir retournerrentrer tomber rester
Unfortunately you are left with a few odds and ends, and you might decide that some of these work better as partners in the pairs above. What do you think?
entrervenirmonternaîtrearriver
sortiraller
descendremourir
The perfect tense with être 4
Another helpful method of remembering the list might be to group them into matching pairs:
Another helpful method of remembering the list might be to group them into matching pairs:
© Boardworks Ltd 20068 of 17
JeTu
IlElleOn
NousVous
IlsElles
______________________________________________________
suis
es
est
sommes
êtes
sont
suisesestestest
sommesêtessontsont
The perfect tense with être 7
So you know which verbs take être now, but how do they work?First of all remind yourself of all the parts of être in the present tense!
So you know which verbs take être now, but how do they work?First of all remind yourself of all the parts of être in the present tense!
© Boardworks Ltd 20069 of 17
Unlike avoir verbs, where you simply put the past participle after the auxiliary without changing it (j’ai joué, elles ont joué etc.), with être verbs, the past participle must agree with the subject of a verb. This means that it works just like an adjective.
To help you understand, look at the examples below:
Je suis alléen
Angleterre!
Je suis alléeen
Angleterre!
The perfect tense with être 8
© Boardworks Ltd 200610 of 17
Did you note the difference between the two sentences?
Loïc said:
The perfect tense with être 9
Je suis alléen
Angleterre!
Je suis alléeen Angleterre!
Because Loïc is a boy, there is no need to add anything to the past participle. Aller is an -er verb, so the -er ending has changed to -é just as with regular avoir verbs.But Camille is a girl, so when she uses the past participle of an être verb, it must take an extra -e and become feminine, just like an adjective would.
and Camille said:
© Boardworks Ltd 200611 of 17
Je suis arrivéà 5h.
Je suis resté
chez moi.
Je suis rentré
à minuit.
How would Camille say it?
Je suis arrivéeà 5h.
Je suis restée
chez moi.
Je suis rentrée
à minuit.
The perfect tense with être 10
© Boardworks Ltd 200612 of 17
The perfect tense with être 11
Faites des phrases!
Je suis retourné(e)Je suis rentré(e)Je suis revenu(e)
Je suis parti(e)Je suis sorti(e)Je suis allé(e)Je suis monté(e)
Je suis mort(e) Je suis né(e)Je suis descendu(e)
© Boardworks Ltd 200613 of 17
JeTuIlElleOnNousVousIlsElles
suis allé(e)es allé(e)est alléest alléeest allésommes allé(e)s
sont allésêtes allé(e)(s)
sont allées
The perfect tense with être 12
So far so good, but that’s just the je part of the verb. Look at the whole of aller in the perfect tense. Using what you’ve learnt, can you work out why all the bracketed letters need to be there?
So far so good, but that’s just the je part of the verb. Look at the whole of aller in the perfect tense. Using what you’ve learnt, can you work out why all the bracketed letters need to be there?
© Boardworks Ltd 200619 of 17
Can you translate the sentences?
1 Le week-end dernier, je _____ _________ au cinéma. (aller)
2 À 5 kilomètres de Nice, nous ________ _________ en panne. (tomber)
3 Je _____ _________ en 1988. (naître)
4 On _____ _________ sur la colline. (monter)
5 Samedi dernier, Marie et moi _______ _________ à la ferme. (rester)
6 Hier soir, vous _____ ___________
avant moi. (rentrer)
suis
suis
est
sommes
sommes
êtes
allé(e)
tombé(e)s
né(e)
monté
resté(e)s
rentré(e)(s)
Fill in the gaps in the sentences using the verbs in brackets .
Can you explain why the (e) or (s) in brackets might be needed?
The perfect tense with être 18