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MULTIMEDIA MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

SMM 3001 SMM 3001

MEDIA - TEXTMEDIA - TEXT

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What is Text?What is Text? the basic element of most the basic element of most

multimedia multimedia consisting of words, sentences and consisting of words, sentences and

paragraphs in the form of paragraphs in the form of Page titlesPage titles Labels for picturesLabels for pictures Instructions for operating the applicationsInstructions for operating the applications

used to convey information that used to convey information that have no visual or aural component have no visual or aural component

e.g. feelinge.g. feeling

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What is Text? (con’t)What is Text? (con’t)

concerned with text from 2 view concerned with text from 2 view points:points:

the way the text is presented the way the text is presented easy to readeasy to read well-designed (font, colour and size)well-designed (font, colour and size)

what lies behind the text what lies behind the text interactive link/hypertext/hot text interactive link/hypertext/hot text

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Using Text in Multimedia Using Text in Multimedia ApplicationApplication

choose fonts that are more choose fonts that are more readable readable

READABLE READABLE (Century font)(Century font)

(symbol font)(symbol font)

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Using Text in Multimedia Using Text in Multimedia Application (con’t)Application (con’t)

keep the number of font typefaces keep the number of font typefaces to a minimum to a minimum too many fonts can be distractingtoo many fonts can be distracting

This is to show that too many font typefaces will be certainly distracting

This is to show that less font typefaces will be better

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Using Text in Multimedia Using Text in Multimedia Application (con’t)Application (con’t)

text should not be too close to a picture or video text should not be too close to a picture or video difficult to readdifficult to read

consider colour, font and sizing when placing consider colour, font and sizing when placing text over graphicstext over graphics

Graduation ceremony

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Using Text in Multimedia Using Text in Multimedia Application (con’t)Application (con’t)

vary size, boldness , style vary size, boldness , style e.g. use bold & larger font to get e.g. use bold & larger font to get

attentionattention

ATTENTION !!!

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Using Text in Multimedia Using Text in Multimedia Application (con’t)Application (con’t)

use white type on a black use white type on a black background or other reverse colours background or other reverse colours avoid colours which blend into each avoid colours which blend into each

otherother

Can u read this? Can u read this?

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Using Text in Multimedia Using Text in Multimedia Application (con’t)Application (con’t)

hypertext to other media hypertext to other media facilitate information access on facilitate information access on demand demand

lower case letters are more lower case letters are more legible than upper case letterslegible than upper case letters

This is a text to show the different of lower case and upper case effect. Which is easier to read?

THIS IS A TEXT TO SHOW THE DIFFERENT OF LOWER CASE AND UPPER CASE EFFECT. WHICH IS EASIER TO READ?

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Text technologyText technology

Text elements fall into few Text elements fall into few categories :categories : alphabetsalphabets numbernumber special characterspecial character

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TypefaceTypeface

graphic representations of the alphabet, graphic representations of the alphabet, numbers and special characters vary by type numbers and special characters vary by type sizes and styles sizes and styles

graphical systems are able to create and graphical systems are able to create and use fonts due to a process called use fonts due to a process called rasterizationrasterization.. rasterization occurs when the computer draws the rasterization occurs when the computer draws the

font onto the display one pixel at a time. Fonts font onto the display one pixel at a time. Fonts can appear jagged . Therefore, a technique can appear jagged . Therefore, a technique called called anti-aliasinganti-aliasing is used to blend the font into is used to blend the font into the background by transitioning the colour from the background by transitioning the colour from the font colour to the background colour. This the font colour to the background colour. This technique minimizes the jagged edges making for technique minimizes the jagged edges making for a smoother overall appearance. a smoother overall appearance.

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Typeface (con’t)Typeface (con’t)

Jaggies

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Typeface (con’t)Typeface (con’t)

a computer must encode text as a computer must encode text as a series of numbers. a series of numbers.

It must interpret processed It must interpret processed numbers as text to be displayed numbers as text to be displayed on a screen, printer or other on a screen, printer or other output device. output device.

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CharacterCharacter

character is defined as any character is defined as any symbol that requires one byte of symbol that requires one byte of storagestorage

this includes all the ASCII ad this includes all the ASCII ad extended ASCII characters, extended ASCII characters, including the space character. including the space character.

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Encoded TextEncoded Text

uses embedded codes to determine the uses embedded codes to determine the appearance of the textappearance of the text

The codes are separated with special The codes are separated with special characters e.g. line feeds or bracketed by characters e.g. line feeds or bracketed by symbols such as “<” and :>”. symbols such as “<” and :>”.

HTML is an example of text-based encodingHTML is an example of text-based encoding e.g. <H1> This is a title heading <H1> - e.g. <H1> This is a title heading <H1> -

the tags determine what formatting is used the tags determine what formatting is used to present the text. to present the text.

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Encoded Text (con’t)Encoded Text (con’t)

Codes may be used to defineCodes may be used to define typeface and size of fonttypeface and size of font font features e.g. bold. Italic, font features e.g. bold. Italic,

underlining and colourunderlining and colour paragraphs, indenting, bullets and paragraphs, indenting, bullets and

alignmentalignment page layout including header and page layout including header and

footer, page numbering and footer, page numbering and background colourbackground colour

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Data CompressionData Compression Storing data in a format that requires less Storing data in a format that requires less

space than usual. space than usual. Compressing data is the same as packing Compressing data is the same as packing

data.data. Data compression is useful in Data compression is useful in

communications especially because it communications especially because it enables devices to transmit the same enables devices to transmit the same amount of data in fewer bits.amount of data in fewer bits.

Two technology - Two technology - losslesslossless and and lossylossy compressioncompression

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Data Compression - LosslessData Compression - Lossless CodecCodec - -

short for compressor/decompressor short for compressor/decompressor is any technology for compressing and is any technology for compressing and

decompressing data decompressing data lossless compressionlossless compression refers to data refers to data

compression techniques where no data is compression techniques where no data is lost. lost. Example : The PKZIP compression Example : The PKZIP compression

technology is an example of lossless technology is an example of lossless compression. It can reduce up to 50%. compression. It can reduce up to 50%.

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Data Compression - LossyData Compression - Lossy For greater compression, lossy For greater compression, lossy

compression is appliedcompression is applied lossy compressionlossy compression refers to data refers to data

compression techniques in which compression techniques in which some amount of data is lost. some amount of data is lost.

Lossy compression technologies Lossy compression technologies attempt to eliminate redundant or attempt to eliminate redundant or unnecessary information. Most unnecessary information. Most video technologies such as MPEG video technologies such as MPEG use a lossy technique.use a lossy technique.

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Data Compression Data Compression - General View- General View

In general, data compression involves In general, data compression involves taking a stream of symbols and taking a stream of symbols and transforming them into codes. transforming them into codes.

The resulting stream of codes will be The resulting stream of codes will be smallersmaller than the original symbols. than the original symbols.

data compression is concerned with data compression is concerned with redundancyredundancy. Redundant information . Redundant information takes extra bit to encode and if we can takes extra bit to encode and if we can get rid of that extra information, we will get rid of that extra information, we will reduce the sizereduce the size