1

Module Module

BASICS OF PLANNINGBASICS OF PLANNING

2

Content OverviewContent Overview

• Planning principles

• Gantt charts

3

Characteristics of PlanningCharacteristics of Planning

• Planning is:• a continuous, dynamic, future-oriented process:

• Setting goals• Formulating strategies• Detailing objectives• Outlining tasks and schedules• Estimating resources and budgets• Evaluating progress made

4

The project will be successful, if it:

• Fits within the country strategy

• Has a clear objective

• Technically sound

• Economically sound (cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness)

• Is project design not too ambitious? Clear?

• Fiscal impact and recurrent cost

What Will Make a Project Working (1) ?

5

What will Make a Project Working (2) ?

• Institutional capacity (Who? How? Motivation? Rules? )

• Risk analysis

• Can I measure progress and relate it to my objectives? • Logical framework, indicators, monitoring

system

• Project management team, organization

• Regular and thorough supervision

6

Why Evaluate?

• to do better next time

• to replicate in different countries, sectors (careful!)

• to learn the how and the why

• to reward

• to justify more funding (a good banker likes success …)

7

1.1. Where are you now?Where are you now?

2.2. Where do you want to go to?Where do you want to go to?

3.3. How would you arrive there?How would you arrive there?

4.4. How do you know that you have arrived?How do you know that you have arrived?

Planning Cycle

8

Laboratory Network

Mission (example): statement - what is to be done• To reduce the suffering by tuberculosis among the

community and reduce transmission of tuberculosis through rapid identification of the most infectious TB patients

Goal (example): state how the promise of the mission statement is to be fulfilled

• To provide high quality and effective laboratory services that are available, accessible and acceptable

• To promote and enable effective utilization of the services

9

Possible Objectives:Objectives: state when, where, who, and by how much

1. To assess current strength and weakness of the organization and support systems of the laboratory network and identify requirements and plan for further improvements.

2. Implement internal quality control in all microscopic diagnostic laboratories by the end of 200…

3. Pilot external quality assessment activities in … selected laboratories and … governorates.

4. Pilot and implement laboratory information management system in all districts.

10

Possible Objectives (2)

5. Develop a plan to strengthen human resource management and development.

6. Develop and pilot plan to train for supportive and effective supervision.

7. Develop and implement plan to assess laboratory service users satisfaction and improve understanding and interrelations with service users.

8. Strengthen network through regular meetings and learning workshops.

11

How to Reach Those Objectives?

• Identify all requirements that are necessary to meet the objective.• These will be the main activities

• List these activities in a logical order

• Identify the sub-requirements for each activity• These will be the sub activities

12

Gantt Charts

• Aid planning by showing all activities that must take place and when they are scheduled to be carried out.

• Provide graphic guide for carrying out a series of activities, showing the start date, duration, and overlap of activities.

• Most useful in planning and monitoring of activities.

13

An example of a Gantt Chart

14

A Template for Gantt Chart

ACTION PLAN 2006 LABORATORY NETWORK

GOVERNORATE1

1,1 Activties1,21,31,41,51,6

22,12,22,32,4

2,52,63

3,13,23,33,4

3,53,6

2006

1 122 3 4 5 6 11Objective

Objective

Objective

7 8 9 10

15

How to use Gantt Charts?

1. Get consensus on the mission, goal and objectives

2. Specify criteria for each objective 3. List all objectives and activities

4. Determine when each activity must start and list them in a chronological order

5. For each activity mark the starting date and the completion date

16

How to use Gantt Charts? – cont.6. Review the chart and determine if it is possible to carry out all

activities that are to be conducted simultaneously

6. Specify activities further:• Identify resources (financial, materials, human resources, other)• Define measures of verifications and required input (How to

know if the aim is achieved? How to show that? Who is responsible?)

7. Adjust plan and timeline if needed

9. Be prepared to refine and revise the work plan: consider the first log frame as a draft

17

Key Messages

• Planning is continuous, dynamic and future-oriented process that • determines the development goals • develops the necessary objectives and actions to achieve

those goals

• For effective planning and implementation of a project, it is necessary to:• identify resources, develop a timeline, associate

responsibilities, conduct evaluation, regularly refine and revise the work plan

• Gantt chart is a useful tool for planning and monitoring activities.