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Mary Ⅰ

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• Parents-Henry VIII of Englan -Catherine of Aragon • Brother & sister• Queen of England and Ireland Religion policy Roman Catholicism• Marriage

died at 42 (flu)

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Father

divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived

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Mary's Youth• Catherine downgraded to the prince of Wales's widow. Ma

ry became illegitimate daughter（私生女） . She was known as "Lady Mary". Mary was out of the palace, her servants are banished. In December 1533, 17 years old Mary is Elizabeth's maid.

• Mary insisted that she was the rightful daughter of the king, which annoyed her father. He cancelled the daughter all possible opportunity, and restricted her freedom, so Mary often get sick. Their relations bacame deteriorating.They didn't speak for three years. Although Mary and her mother were in the disease, she still can't go to see her mother. Catherine died in 1536, Mary is very sad.

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• In 1543, Henry took Catherine Palmer, she let the more harmonious. Henry passed succession law in 1543, Mary and Elizabeth regained the right to inherit the throne, but they were still illegitimate daughters in law

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Edward VI

(Protestant)

Elizabeth I(Protestant)

Mary IRoman Catholic

imprison

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Become a Queen

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Religious policy

• Mary's first Parliament, which assembled in early October 1553, declared the marriage of her parents valid, and abolished Edward's religious laws.

• rejected the break with Rome instituted by her father and the establishment of Protestantism（新教） by Edward VI.

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• Under the Heresy Acts, numerous Protestants were executed in the Marian persecutions（迫害） .

• Mary persevered with the policy, which continued until her death and exacerbated anti-Catholic and anti-Spanish feeling among the English people. The victims of the persecutions became lauded as martyrs（烈士） .

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Foreign policy• under Mary's reign English colonists were

settled in the Irish Midlands to reduce the attacks on the Pale

•   Maryborough (now Portlaoise) and Philipstown (now Daingean).

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• In January 1556, Mary‘s father-in-law abdicated （退位） and Philip became King of Spain, with Mary as his consort.

Philip was declared king in Brussels（布鲁塞尔） , but Mary stayed in England.

• Philip returned to England from March to July 1557 to persuade Mary to support Spain in a renewed war against France.

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•  War was only declared in June 1557 after Reginald Pole's nephew, Thomas Stafford, invaded England and seized Scarborough Castle with French help in a failed attempt to depose Mary.

• As a result of the war, relations between England and the Papacy became strained, since Pope Paul IV was allied with Henry II of France.

• In January 1558, French forces took Calais, England's sole remaining possession on the European mainland.

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Marriage

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Conclusion• She is the daughter of the king, the king's sister, is the ki

ng's wife. She is the queen while she is also the king, "she was the first successful woman boarded the throne of England, at the beginning of the dynasty. She won the support and sympathy of the people, especially the people from the Catholic church. However her marriage decreased her support, and her religious policy brought a deep-rooted social hatred emotion. Futhermore,several years of natural disaster and war increased the discontent of people. Most of the time Philip isn't in England and left Mary alone , so they had no children.

• Because Mary persecuted over 300 protestants, she was called " bloody Mary ".In some works Mary was portrayed as a tyrant.