1. Introduction to Materials Scienceand EngineeringDr. Ranjit
BauriDepartment of Metallurgical & Materials EngineeringIIT
Madras, Chennai 600 036
2. The objective of Materials Science StudyAt some point of time
or the other an engineering probleminvolves issues related to
material selection. Understandingthe behavior of materials,
particularly structure-propertycorrelation, will help selecting
suitable materials for aparticular application.The objective of
studying materials science is to developthis understanding . 3.
Objective and Scope of the present coursePrimary objective is to
present the basic fundamentals ofmaterials science and
engineering.Expose the reader community to different classes
ofmaterials, their properties, structures and imperfectionspresent
in them.Help understand the subject with ease by presenting
thecontent in a simplified and logical sequence at a
levelappropriate for students/teachers/researchers.Aid the teaching
learning process through relevantillustrations, animations, web
content and practical examples.Highlight important concepts for
each topic covered in thesubjectProvide opportunity of
self-evaluation on the understandingof the subject matter. 4.
Historical perspectiveMaterials ScienceandHuman Civilization 5.
Materials in day to day life 6. What would life be like without
Materials?? 7. Materials: The Milestones of Progress Development
and advancement of Human societies-closelyrelated with materials
Civilizations have been named based on the level of theirmaterials
development Stone age, Bronze age etc. 8. Quest for newer
materials:The driving force for the progress- stone age to IT
ageQuest for more advanced materials to meet the growingneeds as
the civilization progressed.A look at the history of materials
chronologically clearlyreveals this 9. Stone ageStone age People
living in caves andhunting with stone-made weapons200,000 BC
Discovery of fire Said to be the mostsignificant discovery in human
civilization.However, till the time the fire was controlledto
contain and utilize the heat, it was notsignificant.Containing the
fire Was not possiblewithout materials. Started with clay (aceramic
material) pots and now we have allkinds of means to control and
contain fire. 10. Introduction of metalsFirst metals to be
discovered Copper and GoldMaterial processing - Annealing and
Shaping.Throwing copper into camp fire and hammeringin early
daysMelting and casting of metals. Melting of Goldto give it
different shapesReduction of copper from its ore Nile ValleyThe
dawn of metallurgy.Perhaps discovered by chance much before byearly
potters 11. Discovery of Alloy - Metal CombinationsThe discovery of
alloy combination of metalsMixing of Tin with Copper BronzeCopper
ore invariably contains some Tin Mixing ofdifferent ores having
different Tin content produced the firstBronzes. 12. Iron and Steel
Building blocks of human civilizationIron wheels discovery of iron
making.Revolution in warfare and cultivationInvention of Blast
furnace Production of pig ironfrom oresSir Henry Bessemer
(1813-1898)Bessemer steel making patent20th CenturyMany other steel
making processes LD,Electric Arc, VAR for making high qualitysteels
13. Early 20th Century The golden eraHall process- Electrochemical
process forextraction of Aluminium from Alumina (Al2O3)1890 - 1910
ADRevolution in Transportation Discoveryof automobiles and Aero
planeProcess for making Nylon Introduction ofplastics 14. The
Electronic revolutionZone refining A metallurgicalprocess to
produce ultra pure SiUltra pure Si through zone refining Sichip,
the heart of electronics. Smaller andsmaller Si wafers -
Miniaturization 15. SuperconductorsHigh temperature
ceramicsuperconductorsMRI Machine, Brain Scan Advancement in
Medical scienceMagnetic Levitation: Maglev train :300 500 kmph(See
Lecture # 15) 16. Further
readinghttp://neon.mems.cmu.edu/cramb/Processing/history.htmlhttp://materialiaindica.wordpress.com/2009/02/16/a-brief-history-of-materials1metallurgical-heritage-of-india/Key
words: History of materials science; Material development;Progress
of human civilization
