1 HVACR215 – Mechanical for Oil Oil Burner Install Oil Burner Startup Oil Burner Install Oil Burner Startup

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HVACR215 – Mechanical for Oil

HVACR215 – Mechanical for Oil

Oil Burner InstallOil Burner Startup

Oil Burner InstallOil Burner Startup

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Oil Burner Installation

• Installation must be in accordance with local codes and manufacturer’s instructions.

• The burner must be the correct height above the bottom of the combustion chamber.

• Burners are mounted on adjustable legs or on flange bolted to furnace.

• The burner air tube and nozzle must be inserted into the combustion chamber an exact distance, per manufacturer specifications.

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Oil Burner Installation continued

• The opening to the furnace must be carefully sealed to prevent air leaks.

• The nozzle must be the correct size and in good condition.

• The nozzle orifice (hole) size and amount of oil pressure determines the rates at which fuel will burn and heat is produced. The size of the nozzle must match the heating requirements of the heated space. If the nozzle is too small, the space is not heated adequately. If the nozzle is too large, the burner turns on and off frequently.

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Oil Burner Installation continued

• Nozzles are supplied with a fine filter at the inlet to stop dirt from entering.

• Do not twist the tube or move the nozzle tube out of line. Use a nozzle tube socket wrench and handle.

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Starting an Oil Burnerafter Installation

• Prior to starting the oil burner, remove air from the lines and pump. A vent plug (air bleeder fitting) mounted in the pump housing seals the port used for pressure gauge installation.

• Caution: If enough oil and air collect in the combustion chamber and ignite, anything may happen! There may be a puff, flame, or explosion.

• An explosion may be forceful enough to wreck a building, maim, or kill. Inspect the firepot. If oil is present, shut off the oil valves and vent the combustion chamber. Remove oil using a suction pump, rags, etc. Continue removal until all danger of oil fumes is gone. Use an explosion-proof flashlight.

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• Air in the oil line will form bubbles that may result in:

• Oil not being pumped.

• Blowbacks.

• Flame failures.

• The line must be completely purged of air.

• A two-pipe system reduces the chance of air remaining in the system. Yet, air may be trapped in high spots in the line.

• A leak in the oil line will almost always cause air-in-line troubles.

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• Always check and confirm the correct size fuel oil nozzle. Be sure it is in the center of the gun air duct. Electrodes must be kept clean and in the correct relation to the nozzle.

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• Nozzles come in various capacities. All are based on gallons per hour (gph) at 100 psig (790 kPa). Capacities generally range from 0.40 gph to 28 gph. However, some nozzles can feed 100 gph.

• A 1 gph nozzle delivers 140,000 Btu/hr. If the overall efficiency is 60%, the useful heat is 84,000 Btu/hr.

• Poor oil delivery may be due to clogging in the main filter, pump filter, or nozzle filter.

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• Flame failure may be caused by one or moreof the following:

• Oil tank empty.

• Oil tank not vented.

• Clogged filter in oil line.

• Ice in fuel line.

• Loose oil line connection(air in line).

• Dirt in supply line.

• Water in supply line.

• Loose wiring or connections.

• Motor not running (check reset button).

• Defective pump.

• Pump losing prime.

• Changing pressure of low pressure at pump (slipping coupling).

• Clogged nozzle.

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• Damaged nozzle.

• Improperly installed bypass plug.

• No spark at electrodes:

• Loose wiring.

• Bad transformer

• Low voltage.

• Crack in electrodeporcelain.

• Electrodes carboned.

• Electrode spacing too far or too close.

• High-voltage wiring loose.

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• A proper flame is luminous yellow. If there is insufficient air, the flame is dull orange or red. Smokey tips to the flame indicate a properly adjusted flame.

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• The draft in the firepot is measured by the air pressure drop in the firepot. It should be about .02" to .05" (0.5mm to 1.3mm) WC. Use an inclined manometer. This check will also analyze automatic draft.

• Some oil burner motors are reversible.

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• Inspect the electrode wires. If cracked or brittle, replace the wires. Inspect the electrode tubular ceramic insulators. If cracked, replace them.

• The more frequently a unit starts, the greater the quantity of soot that is deposited. A correctly sized oil burner will operate less frequently and deposit less soot in the furnace and stack.

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• If the oil line is dirty or clogged, blow it out with nitrogen gas. Always use a pressure regulator and relief valve.

• Caution: Never use compressed air or oxygen! A violent explosion may result!

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1 HVACR215 – Mechanical for Oil Oil Burner Install Oil Burner Startup Oil Burner Install Oil Burner Startup