1-Hour SO2 NAAQS – Recent DTE Electric Power Plant Operation & 2013 High SO2 Day Analysis

Mike Lebeis

Senior Air Quality Engineer

October 9, 2013

Key Information Provided

• River Rouge PP & Trenton Channel PP SO2 & operational data for 2000-2012

• Analysis of meteorological conditions when moderately high (50-74 ppb) 1-hour SO2 concentrations were observed at the Southwestern High School monitor in 2013

• Progress installing two new SO2 / Meteorological monitors at River Rouge PP & Delray Combustion Turbine sites

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DTE Energy SO2 Emissions

1. River Rouge PP Trend – Clear Decline in 2011 & 2012 from 2007-2010 (~ 40% drop)

2. Trenton Channel PP Trend – A 20% decline from 2000-2009 baseline to 2012

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2011

2012

0

2,000

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18,000

River Rouge PP Annual SO2 (tons)

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0

5,000

10,000

15,000

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35,000

Trenton Channel PP Annual SO2 (tons)

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DTE Energy SO2 Emissions Decline – Low Sulfur Western Coal (LSW) Percent

1. River Rouge PP Trend – 2000-2003 LSW ~ 50%, 2004-2008 LSW ~ 65%, 2009-2012 LSW rises from 70 to 84%

2. Trenton Channel PP Trend – 2000-2010 LSW ~ 60%, 2011-2012 LSW rises to 70-80%

20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120120.0

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River Rouge PP LSW Coal (% of Total)

20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120120.0

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Trenton Channel PP LSW Coal

(% of Total)

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DTE Energy SO2 Emissions Decline – Capacity Factor Declines

1. River Rouge PP 2007-2010 – Capacity factor ~ 70%, 2011-2012 – Capacity factor drops below 50% (More low load operation)

2. Trenton Channel PP 2007-2012 Capacity factor 50-60%, However, HP Boilers capacity factor drops while Unit 9A stays the same

20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120120.0

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Trenton Channel PP Capac-ity Factor (%)

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River Rouge PP Capacity Factor (%)

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River Rouge PP & Trenton Channel PP Summary2000 – 2012 SO2 Trends

• The operation of River Rouge & Trenton Channel Power Plants has changed between 2000 & 2012

• Rather than operating close to full load when these units are available, RRPP Units 2 & 3 and TCPP HP Boilers are operated to remain competitive ($$/MW-hr) in the MISO market

– Much more operation on 100% LSW coal at a reduced load for these coal-fired units, especially in 2011 & 2012

– Trenton Channel 9A remains competitive close to full load & is operated near full load most of the time

– Trenton Channel’s LSW usage has risen from 2000-2009 values in 2011 & 2012, but its SO2 emissions did not drop due to using HSE bituminous coal instead of MSE bituminous coal in its blend

1. RRPP – River Rouge PP, TCPP – Trenton Channel PP, HP – High Pressure Boilers (Nos. 16-19), MISO – Midwest Independent System Operator, LSW – Low sulfur western coal, HSE – High-sulfur eastern coal, MSE – Mid-sulfur eastern coal

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River Rouge PP & Trenton Channel PP Summary2000 – 2012 SO2 Trends

• These market forces lead to lower annual SO2 & less frequent operation close to each source’s short-term SO2 limit for River Rouge PP’s units & Trenton Channel PP’s HP Boilers

• Detailed data are available in a separate handout

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2013 Southeast Michigan SO2 Monitoring AnalysisKey Issues to Evaluate

• SO2 Background – Is the current value appropriate when high SO2 is measured at Southwestern HS (SWHS)?

– Use data from the Allen Park (AP) & Monroe Sterling State Park (SSP) sites to investigate

• Are the wind directions & speeds similar at AP & SSP monitors to those at SWHS on these high SO2 days?

– Is the flow similar enough that DTW met data is representative for sources farther away from the urban core?

• Can surface temperature data be used to support the rural character of the air mass when high SO2 is measured at SWHS?

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2013 High SO2 Days – Southeast MichiganMonitor Comparison

1. The first 11 days listed are when SWHS measured maximum 1-hour SO2 between 50-75 ppb.

2. The last day listed is when AP measured its second highest 1-hour SO2 level & SO2 was quite high at SWHS

Comparison of SO2 Concentrations at Southwestern HS with other Nearby Monitorson Days with Moderate SO2 Observed at Soutwestern HS - 2013

Southwestern HS Monitor Allen Park Monitor Monroe Sterling State Park MonitorMaximum Wind Direction Wind Speed Hour Ending Concurrent Max 1-hour Wind Direction Concurrent Max 1-hour Wind Direction

1-hour When Max When Max When Max 1-hour Max SO2 Conc. When SWHS Max 1-hour Max SO2 Conc. When SWHS Max

SO2 Conc. Conc. Observed Conc. Observed Conc. Observed SO2 Conc. From Same Day Conc. Observed SO2 Conc. From Same Day Conc. ObservedDate 2013 (ppb) (degrees) (meters/sec) (EST) (ppb) (ppb) (degrees) (ppb) (ppb) (degrees)

10-Mar 70.3 182 4 1500 2 3 198 3 5 20118-Apr 70.2 173 6 1400 3 3 187 1 4 20431-May 65.8 173 3 700 0 1 155 3 4 19223-Apr 62.7 173 5 1400 4 5 159 2 3 14315-Apr 60.2 174 5 1600 1 3 166 1 2 1884-Apr 56.8 170 4 1300 3 18 169 3 14 1477-Apr 54.8 180 5 400 2 2 188 3 3 198

27-Apr 54.2 154 2 1000 2 5 171 7 9 1609-May 53.6 170 3 1500 22 22 150 9 12 13130-Mar 53.4 171 4 1800 2 7 169 2 4 14630-Jul 50.8 166 1 1400 NA 11 207 5 8 13220-Jun 41.5 160 3 1400 10 60.3 158 1 12 106

Large SO2 Sources Upwind of the Southwestern High School (SWHS) Monitoring Site With

Southerly Winds

DirectDistance Upwind

from SWHS Wind Allowable SO2 Stack

Monitor Direction Emission Rate Height

Facility No.Facility Key SO2 Source(s) (km) (deg) (lbs/hour) (feet)N3677 US Steel (Ecorse) Reheat Furnaces 3.96 191.5 2,332 102ZUGB3677 US Steel (Zug Island) Boiler Hse. No. 1 1.76 181.4 975 68 - 81ZUGB3677 US Steel (Zug Island) Boiler Hse. No. 2 2.21 182.4 1,266 88B2169 Carmeuse Lime - River Rouge Kiln No. 1 3.28 214.8 854 71B2132 Wyandotte Dept Mun PP Units 1 & 2 11.0 198.4 710 173B2810 Detroit Edison - River Rouge PP Unit No. 2 3.23 190.0 3,600 385B2810 Detroit Edison - River Rouge PP Unit No. 3 3.22 190.5 4,208 425B2103 Detroit Wastewater Treatment Unit Nos. 1-3 2.62 222.0 689 254B2811 Detroit Edison - Trenton Channel PPUnits HP & 9A 21.0 198.0 12,615 561A7809 EES Coke Coke Battery 2.5 187.4 545 315A7809 EES Coke Flare 2.22 192.0 354 239B2846 J. R. Whiting PP Unit Nos. 1-4 63.4 208.1 6,659 297B2816 Detroit Edison - Monroe PP Unit Nos. 1-4 50.0 204.8 3,263 580A9831 Marathon Petroleum ESP 4.75 246.1 20.8 195

Sector No. Upwind Source Sector Color Code Large SO2 Sources Within Critical 10-Degree Sector1 170o - 180o None None

2 180o - 190o Yellow US Steel (Zug Island) & EES Coke Battery

3 190o - 200o Red DTE - River Rouge PP, US Steel (Ecorse), EES Coke Flare, DTE - Trenton Channel PP & Wyandotte Dept Mun PP4 200o - 210o Light Blue DTE - Monroe PP & Cons Energy - J. R. Whiting PP

5 210o - 220o Orange Carmeuse Lime

6 220o - 250o None Marathon Petroleum

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2013 High SO2 Days – Southeast MichiganTemperature Comparison

1. Every day except April 23, the maximum temperature at SWHS is < the maximum temperature at AP

Comparison of SO2 Concentrations at Southwestern HS with other Nearby Monitorson Days with Moderate SO2 Observed at Soutwestern HS - 2013

Allen Park Sterling StateSouthwestern HS Monitor Monitor Park Monitor

Maximum Wind Direction Maximum Hour Ending Maximum Maximum1-hour When Max Surface When Max Surface Surface

SO2 Conc. Conc. Observed Temperature Conc. Observed Temperature Temperature

Date 2013 (ppb) (degrees) (oC) (EST) (oC) (oC)10-Mar 70.3 182 16.7 1500 18.5 17.818-Apr 70.2 173 25.1 1400 27.1 25.731-May 65.8 173 27.3 700 28.3 28.123-Apr 62.7 173 21 1400 20.8 21.415-Apr 60.2 174 19.1 1600 20.4 19.54-Apr 56.8 170 10.9 1300 11.5 7.57-Apr 54.8 180 12 400 14.8 14

27-Apr 54.2 154 18.8 1000 19.6 14.99-May 53.6 170 25.7 1500 25.7 23.130-Mar 53.4 171 11.7 1800 12.8 9.330-Jul 50.8 166 24.6 1400 25 23.720-Jun 41.5 160 24.5 1400 26.5 23.4

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2013 High SO2 Days – Southeast MichiganData Analysis Summary

• SO2 levels at the AP & SSP monitors are usually below the current 15 ppb figure for the Wayne Co. nonattainment area

– Usually, they are < 10 ppb with a few exceptions on days with some large SO2 source impact

• Wind directions are similar, but not identical for the three monitoring sites, especially when lake breezes are occurring at SSP (Approx. half of the days appear to be influenced)

• Wind speeds are very similar with SSP having the highest speeds due to Lake Erie being upwind

• Maximum daily temperatures (Tmax) at the SWHS site are nearly always below Tmax at AP and much closer to Tmax at SSP – This supports modeling the downriver area using rural dispersion when high SO2 is observed at SWHS

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DTE Energy SO2 Monitor Update

• SO2 Monitors at River Rouge PP & Delray CTG site

– Site preparation work prior to tower / shelter hookup is completed– Starting last Thursday, Enviroplan came on site to:

• Finish tower installation• Install meteorological equipment on the 10-m towers

• Install SO2 monitors and meteorological signal conditioners in the racks inside the shelters

• Install the glass intake manifolds• Perform initial site QA/QC checks

• Expect to start collecting data this week, or next at the latest (Finally)• Monitor locations on following slide

Proposed New SO2 Monitors - Near River Rouge Power Plant

RRPP SO2 Monitor

Delray SO2 Monitor