11

F R E D E RF R E D E R

I I C C K K

P P H H I I L L I I P P

G G R R O O VVEE

FPG (Greve/Grove)FPG (Greve/Grove)++

SWEDENSWEDEN

byby Gaby Divay Gaby Divay for thefor the UM-UMEA ConferenceUM-UMEA Conference

Mo, Feb. 16, 2009Mo, Feb. 16, 2009

33UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

ABOUTABOUT the the F.P.G.F.P.G. Collections at the Collections at the UM UM

The PAPERS of the Canadian author The PAPERS of the Canadian author Frederick Philip Grove (1879-1948) were Frederick Philip Grove (1879-1948) were acquired from his widow in the early acquired from his widow in the early 1960s 1960s In 1973, M. Stobie published her Grove In 1973, M. Stobie published her Grove book (Twayne's World Authors series) book (Twayne's World Authors series) D. O. Spettigue's seminal D. O. Spettigue's seminal FPG: The FPG: The European YearsEuropean Years came out the same year came out the same yearThe Research Collections of both scholars The Research Collections of both scholars were added to the UM archival holdings were added to the UM archival holdings in 1976 & in the late 1980s respectively in 1976 & in the late 1980s respectively

44UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

ABOUTABOUT the the F.P.G.F.P.G. Collections at the Collections at the UM UM

Alas, D. Pacey's papers went to the NLC Alas, D. Pacey's papers went to the NLC in Ottawa – his 1976 ed. of FPG's in Ottawa – his 1976 ed. of FPG's LETTERSLETTERS remains an authoritative remains an authoritative reference source reference source Stobie's papers contain notably Grove's Stobie's papers contain notably Grove's 1914 Nietzsche-like essay "Rousseau als 1914 Nietzsche-like essay "Rousseau als Erzieher" in Erzieher" in Der NordwestenDer Nordwesten, his first , his first Canadian publicationCanadian publicationSpettigue's papers document his Spettigue's papers document his sensational discovery of the Greve/Grove sensational discovery of the Greve/Grove identity (October 1971)identity (October 1971)

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77UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

ABOUTABOUT the the F.P.G.F.P.G. Collections at the Collections at the UM UM

My own research findings & other FPG My own research findings & other FPG & FrL materials have been deposited & FrL materials have been deposited since the 1980ssince the 1980sApart from a host of smaller research Apart from a host of smaller research clusters, there are substantial BOOK clusters, there are substantial BOOK collections, such as The F. P. Grove collections, such as The F. P. Grove Library Collection, and The F. P. Greve Library Collection, and The F. P. Greve Translations CollectionTranslations CollectionBoth, along with quite a few e-editions, Both, along with quite a few e-editions, have been made available on the FPG & have been made available on the FPG & FrL Website since 1998 FrL Website since 1998

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FPG (Greve/Grove) & FrL Website (Top)FPG (Greve/Grove) & FrL Website (Top)

99UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

ABOUTABOUT the the F.P.G.F.P.G. Collections at the Collections at the UMUM

In 2008, the digitized Video-Proceedings In 2008, the digitized Video-Proceedings of the International Anniversary of the International Anniversary Symposium "In Memoriam FPG: 1979-Symposium "In Memoriam FPG: 1979-1948-1998", spear-headed by the late 1948-1998", spear-headed by the late Carol Shields & introduced by James Carol Shields & introduced by James Dean, went online Dean, went online This illustrious event included a session This illustrious event included a session on the New York dada artist, Else on the New York dada artist, Else Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven (FrL)Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven (FrL)Greve abandoned her in 1911, a year Greve abandoned her in 1911, a year after she had rejoined him in Pittsburghafter she had rejoined him in Pittsburgh

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FPG (Greve/Grove) & FrL WebsiteFPG (Greve/Grove) & FrL Website

1212UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

FrL FrL in the in the F.P.G.F.P.G. Collections at the Collections at the UMUM

Around 1988, Professors Spettigue & Around 1988, Professors Spettigue & Hjartarson found that Greve's Else had Hjartarson found that Greve's Else had left a revealing autobiography where the left a revealing autobiography where the decade she spent with him loomed large decade she spent with him loomed large [publ. as [publ. as Baroness ElsaBaroness Elsa, 1992], 1992]

Here FINALLY was hard proof that Here FINALLY was hard proof that Greve had started a new life in America Greve had started a new life in America in 1909, in 1909, [since she had followed him in June 1910][since she had followed him in June 1910]

Her papers at the Univ. of Maryland also Her papers at the Univ. of Maryland also included "unidentified" German letters & included "unidentified" German letters & poems poems [to "Tse"/Endell, E. Hardt, R. Schmitz, Behmer ; some [to "Tse"/Endell, E. Hardt, R. Schmitz, Behmer ; some are dedicated "To FPG"]are dedicated "To FPG"]

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““Spottgedichte”: Hardt & EndellSpottgedichte”: Hardt & Endell

http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/collections/fpg/frl/hardt.html

1414UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

FrL FrL in the in the F.P.G.F.P.G. Collections at the Collections at the UMUM

Two hark back to the 1904/5 poetry cycle Two hark back to the 1904/5 poetry cycle she & FPG had published under the name she & FPG had published under the name "Fanny Essler" "Fanny Essler" [in FPG's 1993 PEd [in FPG's 1993 PEd Poems/GedichtePoems/Gedichte]]

One of them specifies the location of their One of them specifies the location of their rocky & short-lived reunion: "Sparta, rocky & short-lived reunion: "Sparta, Kentucky, am Eagle Creek" Kentucky, am Eagle Creek" [found in April 1991][found in April 1991]

For ten years, she modeled in New York, For ten years, she modeled in New York, then returned to Berlin in 1923then returned to Berlin in 1923In 1926, she joined her American friends In 1926, she joined her American friends in Paris where she committed suicide in in Paris where she committed suicide in December 1927December 1927

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Baron Leo, ca. 1914Baron Leo, ca. 1914

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Else in 1917:Else in 1917:Oil, Theresa Bernstein, NYOil, Theresa Bernstein, NY

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Letter “A” (Man Ray)Letter “A” (Man Ray)

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Portrait of Marcel DuchampPortrait of Marcel Duchamp

1919

GOD (ca.1917)GOD (ca.1917)

2020UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

WHOWHO waswas F. P. GREVEF. P. GREVE??

Frederick Philip Grove was born Felix Frederick Philip Grove was born Felix Paul Greve in 1879 Paul Greve in 1879 He grew up in Hamburg, Germany, He grew up in Hamburg, Germany, where he received an excellent education:where he received an excellent education:In 1898, he graduates with honours from In 1898, he graduates with honours from the humanistic Gymnasium Johanneumthe humanistic Gymnasium JohanneumHe goes to Bonn to study Classical He goes to Bonn to study Classical Philology with authorities like Usener, Philology with authorities like Usener, Bücheler, & LoeschkeBücheler, & LoeschkeHe also studies Byron, Michelangelo, & He also studies Byron, Michelangelo, & Oceanography Oceanography

2121UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

WHOWHO waswas F. P. GREVEF. P. GREVE??

In early 1901, he is in Rome at the DAI In early 1901, he is in Rome at the DAI [Deutsche Arch[Deutsche Archäologische Institut]äologische Institut]

Later that year, he moves to MunichLater that year, he moves to MunichBarely 23, & without a university degree, Barely 23, & without a university degree, he registers as a "Privatgelehrter"he registers as a "Privatgelehrter"Soon, he courts Karl Wolfskehl & the Soon, he courts Karl Wolfskehl & the "Meister" Poet Stefan George"Meister" Poet Stefan GeorgeHe imitates Nietzsche's & George's He imitates Nietzsche's & George's poetry: poetry: Jahr der WendeJahr der Wende (mss) & (mss) & WanderungenWanderungen (Feb. 1902) (Feb. 1902) [sensational 2008 [sensational 2008 acquisitions!]acquisitions!]

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Dashing Dandy GreveDashing Dandy Greve

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Stefan GeorgeStefan George

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Karl WolfskehlKarl Wolfskehl

2525UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

WHOWHO waswas F. P. GREVEF. P. GREVE??

He starts translating Oscar Wilde, then He starts translating Oscar Wilde, then Dowson, Browning, Pater, et al.Dowson, Browning, Pater, et al.He reviews Nietzsche's & Stendhal's He reviews Nietzsche's & Stendhal's works works in the in the MünchenerMünchener Allgemeine ZeitungAllgemeine Zeitung He collaborates with archaeologist Adolf He collaborates with archaeologist Adolf Furtwängler Furtwängler [on an acclaimed catalogue of Greek vases][on an acclaimed catalogue of Greek vases]

In view of hectic activities, Wolfskehl In view of hectic activities, Wolfskehl questions his sanity: "Ob er krank ist?"questions his sanity: "Ob er krank ist?"Greve's letters to Insel Publ. rather do Greve's letters to Insel Publ. rather do suggest that he WAS manic suggest that he WAS manic

2626UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

WHOWHO waswas F. P. GREVEF. P. GREVE??

In October 1902, he moves to Berlin In October 1902, he moves to Berlin He hopes to have four Oscar Wilde's He hopes to have four Oscar Wilde's plays staged at Max Reinhardt's Kleines plays staged at Max Reinhardt's Kleines TheaterTheaterHe befriends Jugendstil artist August He befriends Jugendstil artist August Endell & his wife Else –soon, they become Endell & his wife Else –soon, they become loversloversIn early 1903 all three journey via In early 1903 all three journey via Hamburg to PalermoHamburg to PalermoEndell is left behind in Naples with a Endell is left behind in Naples with a consolation bicycleconsolation bicycle

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August August EndellEndell

JJUUGGEENNDDSSTTIILL

AARRTTIISSTT

2828UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

WHOWHO waswas F. P. GREVEF. P. GREVE??

In May 1903, Greve is arrested, tried, and In May 1903, Greve is arrested, tried, and sentenced for defrauding his friend Kilian sentenced for defrauding his friend Kilian of M10,000, an incredible sum at the timeof M10,000, an incredible sum at the time He spends a year in Bonn prison, He spends a year in Bonn prison, furthering his translation career furthering his translation career [with [with contemporary authors like Gide, Wells, & Meredith]contemporary authors like Gide, Wells, & Meredith]

He He visits André Gide in Paris in June 1904visits André Gide in Paris in June 1904Gide publishes his impressions in 1919 as Gide publishes his impressions in 1919 as "Conversation avec un Allemand" "Conversation avec un Allemand" [BAAG, [BAAG, 1976 with 2 confessional letters: MANIC, "je sommes 3" ; ol, 2002]1976 with 2 confessional letters: MANIC, "je sommes 3" ; ol, 2002]

Greve & Else publish their "Fanny Greve & Else publish their "Fanny Essler" novel & poems (Essler" novel & poems (FreistattFreistatt, 1904/5), 1904/5)

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André GideAndré Gide

3030UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

WHOWHO waswas F. P. GREVEF. P. GREVE??

Greve & Else visit H. G. Wells, then move Greve & Else visit H. G. Wells, then move to Wollerau near Zürich until mid-1905to Wollerau near Zürich until mid-1905Until they return to Berlin in 1906, they Until they return to Berlin in 1906, they live in Paris-Plage/Étaples on the French live in Paris-Plage/Étaples on the French Channel Coast Channel Coast [just a hop over to Wells in Folkestone] [just a hop over to Wells in Folkestone]

Greve's 1905 Greve's 1905 Fanny EsslerFanny Essler novel about novel about Else's life in Berlin and Munich targets Else's life in Berlin and Munich targets the George Circle the George Circle [His [His Maurermeister Ihles HausMaurermeister Ihles Haus (1906/7) is about her childhood in Swinemünde – both (1906/7) is about her childhood in Swinemünde – both are mirror-images of FrL's autobiography of the 1920s]are mirror-images of FrL's autobiography of the 1920s]

In late July 1909 Greve leaves Germany In late July 1909 Greve leaves Germany with a staged suicide with a staged suicide (Kippenberg to Else: after (Kippenberg to Else: after double-selling his Swift translation)double-selling his Swift translation)

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Wollerau, near ZWollerau, near Zürichürich

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Paris-Plage, near EtaplesParis-Plage, near Etaples

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H. G. WellsH. G. Wells

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Fanny Elssler, 1840, in Fanny Elssler, 1840, in Broom Broom 19211921

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““Circle” in Circle” in Broom, Broom, 1921/221921/22

3838UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

WHOWHO waswas F. P. GREVEF. P. GREVE??

As described in the opening pages of As described in the opening pages of Grove's first autobiographical novel Grove's first autobiographical novel ASAASA (1927), he travelled second-class on a (1927), he travelled second-class on a White Star Liner [the White Star Liner [the MeganticMegantic] from ] from Liverpool to Montreal Liverpool to Montreal

Following the Following the ASAASA leads, Greve's PASSAGE was leads, Greve's PASSAGE was found in late Oct. 1998, shortly after the IN found in late Oct. 1998, shortly after the IN MEMORIAM symposiumMEMORIAM symposium

His last German publication: "Reise in His last German publication: "Reise in Schweden" in Schweden" in Neue Revue und Morgen – Neue Revue und Morgen – we will hear more about this essay laterwe will hear more about this essay later

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Megantic 1909Megantic 1909

4040UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

FPG in the USA, 1909-1912FPG in the USA, 1909-1912

Little is known about the three "lost" Little is known about the three "lost" yearsyearsAccording toAccording to ASA ASA, he peddled , he peddled Travelogues in New York, took – Travelogues in New York, took – innocently! - part in a book scam selling a innocently! - part in a book scam selling a History Set to rich industrialists for ten History Set to rich industrialists for ten times the going price, tramped along the times the going price, tramped along the Ohio, worked in a furniture factory, Ohio, worked in a furniture factory, stayed at a Bonanza Farm in "the stayed at a Bonanza Farm in "the Dakotas", then settled in Canada to teachDakotas", then settled in Canada to teachThe Kentucky year with Else is omittedThe Kentucky year with Else is omitted……

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ASA Lining Paper MapASA Lining Paper Map

4242UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

FPG in the USA, 1909-1912FPG in the USA, 1909-1912

Apart from Else's Sparta reference, there Apart from Else's Sparta reference, there is a NYT note reporting her arrest on is a NYT note reporting her arrest on Pittsburgh's 5th Ave, for cross-dressing & Pittsburgh's 5th Ave, for cross-dressing & smoking in public smoking in public [found in Dec.2004] [found in Dec.2004]

An entry in a 1910 Pittsburgh directory An entry in a 1910 Pittsburgh directory lists Greve as a downtown agent for lists Greve as a downtown agent for National Alumni, publisher of a 20 v. National Alumni, publisher of a 20 v. History title History title [found in Apr. 1994 & 2000] [found in Apr. 1994 & 2000]

The Bonanza Farm could be identified as The Bonanza Farm could be identified as the Amenia & Sharon Land Co. near the Amenia & Sharon Land Co. near Fargo & Casselton, ND, in March 1996Fargo & Casselton, ND, in March 1996

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Pittsburgh Arrest, Sep.1910Pittsburgh Arrest, Sep.1910

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National Alumni History SetNational Alumni History Set

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The Bonanza Farm (near Fargo)The Bonanza Farm (near Fargo)

4646UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

WHOWHO waswas F. P. GROVEF. P. GROVE??

Grove emerges as an author from Rapid Grove emerges as an author from Rapid City, Manitoba, in 1922, with perfectly City, Manitoba, in 1922, with perfectly impersonal nature essays [they seamlessly impersonal nature essays [they seamlessly align with Greve's 1909 Sweden article] align with Greve's 1909 Sweden article] When FPG must provide biographical When FPG must provide biographical givens to publishers & readers, he givens to publishers & readers, he cleverly reinvents his past:cleverly reinvents his past:He appropriates former friend Kilian's He appropriates former friend Kilian's Anglo-German background as his ownAnglo-German background as his ownBut: he turns it into a more desirable But: he turns it into a more desirable Anglo-Swedish oneAnglo-Swedish one

4747UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

WHOWHO waswas F. P. GROVEF. P. GROVE??

The biographical underpinning of The biographical underpinning of Grove’s first novel Grove’s first novel Settlers of the MarshSettlers of the Marsh (1925) were not recognized until the mid-(1925) were not recognized until the mid-1990s 1990s [It is a therapeutic account of the ending of his marriage][It is a therapeutic account of the ending of his marriage] His two autobiographies, His two autobiographies, A Search for A Search for AmericaAmerica ( (ASA, ASA, 1927) & 1927) & In Search of In Search of MyselfMyself ( (ISMISM, 1946) are both based on , 1946) are both based on FPG’s 1907 sketch for a literary FPG’s 1907 sketch for a literary dictionary: dictionary: The text Greve submitted then reads like The text Greve submitted then reads like a blueprint of Grove's accountsa blueprint of Grove's accounts

4848

http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/collections/fpg/bio/http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/collections/fpg/bio/

4949UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

WHOWHO waswas F. P. GROVEF. P. GROVE??

ASAASA blends Goethe's “Dichtung & blends Goethe's “Dichtung & Wahrheit” with all sorts of genres: Wahrheit” with all sorts of genres: the the picaresque- & adventure novel, the picaresque- & adventure novel, the Bildungsroman, & satires from Bildungsroman, & satires from Grimmelshausen’s Grimmelshausen’s SimplicissimusSimplicissimus to Voltaire’s to Voltaire’s CandideCandide……

Repeated claims to ABSOLUTE veracity Repeated claims to ABSOLUTE veracity hold strangely true, despite the distorted hold strangely true, despite the distorted narrative frame: narrative frame: [Grove dates the setting [Grove dates the setting back to 1892, & makes himself eleven years back to 1892, & makes himself eleven years older -- later, he will settle for seven yearsolder -- later, he will settle for seven years

5050UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

WHOWHO waswas F. P. GROVEF. P. GROVE??

InIn ISM ISM Grove recantsGrove recants precisely those precisely those truthful truthful ASAASA accounts that could have led accounts that could have led to his identification as Greveto his identification as GreveHe bends over backwards to brake out of He bends over backwards to brake out of the self-imposed time-prison by reporting the self-imposed time-prison by reporting five trips to Europe between 1892 & 1912five trips to Europe between 1892 & 1912All coincide with important episodes in All coincide with important episodes in Greve's life Greve's life In both books, FPG often brags about his In both books, FPG often brags about his language skills – his alleged mother-language skills – his alleged mother-tongue Swedish is conspicuously lacking! tongue Swedish is conspicuously lacking!

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ASA CoverASA Cover

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eEd. of Grove's eEd. of Grove's A Search for AmericaA Search for America (1927)(1927)

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ISM CoverISM Cover

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eEd. of Grove's eEd. of Grove's In Search of MyselfIn Search of Myself (1946)(1946)

5555UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

WHOWHO waswas F. P. GROVEF. P. GROVE??

In comparison to Greve's biography, In comparison to Greve's biography, Grove's is rather boring.Grove's is rather boring.After leaving Manitoba in 1929, he briefly After leaving Manitoba in 1929, he briefly is affiliated with Graphic Publishers in is affiliated with Graphic Publishers in Ottawa, then settles for the rest of his life Ottawa, then settles for the rest of his life as a "gentleman farmer" in Simcoe, as a "gentleman farmer" in Simcoe, OntarioOntarioOf Grove's many books, only his 1933 Of Grove's many books, only his 1933 novel novel Fruits of the EarthFruits of the Earth will be will be mentioned here to demonstrate a typical mentioned here to demonstrate a typical multi-referential condensation devicemulti-referential condensation device

5656UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

FPG & HamsunFPG & Hamsun

The title mimics both Gide's The title mimics both Gide's Les Les nourritures terrestresnourritures terrestres (1897) and Knut (1897) and Knut Hamsun's Hamsun's Growth of the SoilGrowth of the Soil (1917), for (1917), for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1920. which he received the Nobel Prize in 1920. This brings us back to Greve's 1909 This brings us back to Greve's 1909 Swedish travel impressionsSwedish travel impressionsHe mentions to Gide that he is about to go He mentions to Gide that he is about to go to Norway in June 1908 – he may have to Norway in June 1908 – he may have tried to visit Hamsun who was immensely tried to visit Hamsun who was immensely popular in Germany at the time popular in Germany at the time

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Hamsun's Works in 17 v.Hamsun's Works in 17 v.

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6060UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

FPG & Travel EssaysFPG & Travel Essays

While all of FPG's travel impressions While all of FPG's travel impressions draw mainly on Flaubert's symbolic draw mainly on Flaubert's symbolic realism, they also follow models like realism, they also follow models like Heine, Fontane, & HamsunHeine, Fontane, & HamsunThe 1909 description of the northern The 1909 description of the northern landscape is very similar to the 1922 landscape is very similar to the 1922 Manitoba essaysManitoba essaysGreve adds drama to the text, as he is lost Greve adds drama to the text, as he is lost for hours after a mountain excursion on for hours after a mountain excursion on Mount Dundret to the south of Mount Dundret to the south of "Gellivare""Gellivare"

6161

Gällivare, SwedenGällivare, Sweden

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6363UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

Greve's ContemporariesGreve's Contemporaries

Echoes of Greve's trip to Norway & Echoes of Greve's trip to Norway & Sweden exist in form of a family Sweden exist in form of a family anecdote: Grove told his son Leonard anecdote: Grove told his son Leonard how he received the royal treatment there how he received the royal treatment there because his name was mistaken for the because his name was mistaken for the aristocratic title "Count" – which is aristocratic title "Count" – which is "Greve" in Swedish!"Greve" in Swedish!The artistic circles Greve frequented both The artistic circles Greve frequented both in Munich & in Berlin had multiple ties to in Munich & in Berlin had multiple ties to Scandinavians like Ibsen, Brandes Scandinavians like Ibsen, Brandes Hamsun, Strindberg & Munch, &others Hamsun, Strindberg & Munch, &others

6464UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

Greve's Contemporaries: MunichGreve's Contemporaries: Munich

Albert Langen met Hamsun in Paris and Albert Langen met Hamsun in Paris and published his published his MysterienMysterien in 1896, the same in 1896, the same year he married year he married Dagny, the daughter of Dagny, the daughter of B. B. BjBjörnson (Nobel-Prize, 1903) örnson (Nobel-Prize, 1903) Langen's famous satirical journal Langen's famous satirical journal SimplicissimusSimplicissimus employed employed Gulbransson Gulbransson who later married Bjwho later married Björnson's niece örnson's niece DagnyDagnyThis artist also portrayed Ibsen, who This artist also portrayed Ibsen, who resided many years in Munich, & resided many years in Munich, & Hamsun who sometimes visited Langen Hamsun who sometimes visited Langen

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7171UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

Greve's Contemporaries: BerlinGreve's Contemporaries: Berlin

Max Reinhardt was directing Wolzogen's Max Reinhardt was directing Wolzogen's Cabaret, Das Bunte Theater, which Cabaret, Das Bunte Theater, which Endell had built in 1901Endell had built in 1901 He also took over more serious theatres: He also took over more serious theatres: his opening play at the Kammerspiele in his opening play at the Kammerspiele in Nov. 1906 was Ibsen's Nov. 1906 was Ibsen's GhostsGhostsMunch was providing the set designs for Munch was providing the set designs for that momentous occasionthat momentous occasionReinhardt also staged Hofmannsthal, Reinhardt also staged Hofmannsthal, Wedekind, Strindberg & Oscar Wilde Wedekind, Strindberg & Oscar Wilde [at [at least one of the latter's comedies in Greve's translation] least one of the latter's comedies in Greve's translation]

7272

Max ReinhardtMax Reinhardt

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Endell’s “Buntes Theater”Endell’s “Buntes Theater”

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7676

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7878UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

Greve's Contemporaries: BrandesGreve's Contemporaries: Brandes

Another influential FPG contact was the Another influential FPG contact was the Danish critic Georg Brandes, the first to Danish critic Georg Brandes, the first to propagate NIETZSCHE in Europepropagate NIETZSCHE in EuropeNietzsche's influence cannot be over-Nietzsche's influence cannot be over-estimated, but here, his reception by estimated, but here, his reception by Hamsun & FPG are our only concernHamsun & FPG are our only concernHamsun, of course, embraced Nietzsche Hamsun, of course, embraced Nietzsche far earlier than Grevefar earlier than GreveGreve reflects Nietzsche's influence in his Greve reflects Nietzsche's influence in his 1901/2 poetry, 1901/2 poetry, Das Jahr der WendeDas Jahr der Wende & & WanderungenWanderungen

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8080UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

Greve's Contemporaries: BrandesGreve's Contemporaries: Brandes

Incidentally: Incidentally: The name of The name of ASAASA protagonist "Phil protagonist "Phil Branden" is one of those multi-layered Branden" is one of those multi-layered references toreferences to - Karl Wolfskehl in Munich who was - Karl Wolfskehl in Munich who was affectionately called "Dr. Phil"affectionately called "Dr. Phil" - Georg Brandes- Georg Brandes - A homophone of Greve's given name - A homophone of Greve's given name Felix, in short: Fel/PhilFelix, in short: Fel/Phil

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Greve’s Greve’s Jahr der WendeJahr der Wende, 1901, 1901

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"Vision", "Vision", Jahr der WendeJahr der Wende

8383

Friedrich Nietzsche, 1899Friedrich Nietzsche, 1899

8484LCMND, Sept 2008 gd

Greve’s First Poetry Books, 1901/2Greve’s First Poetry Books, 1901/2

Das Jahr der WendeDas Jahr der Wende reflects the reflects the unstructured style of Nietzsche's unstructured style of Nietzsche's "Dionysos Dithyramben""Dionysos Dithyramben"These concluded the These concluded the ZarathustraZarathustra complex complex in 1888, just before Nietzsche suffered a in 1888, just before Nietzsche suffered a permanent mental breakdownpermanent mental breakdownGreve’s Greve’s WanderungenWanderungen show the formally show the formally rigid way of crafting poetry in the so-rigid way of crafting poetry in the so-called Stefan "George-Mache"called Stefan "George-Mache"

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Nietzsche's Nietzsche's Dionysos DithyrambenDionysos Dithyramben

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Facsimile eEd. of Facsimile eEd. of Jahr der WendeJahr der Wende

8787UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

GROVE & HAMSUNGROVE & HAMSUN

A typically oblique "Homage" to Hamsun A typically oblique "Homage" to Hamsun can be found in the Bonanza Farm can be found in the Bonanza Farm episodes of both ASA & ISM:episodes of both ASA & ISM:Indeed, it is hardly a coincidence that Indeed, it is hardly a coincidence that FPG should have been drifting to this FPG should have been drifting to this very specific area near Casselton, some 20 very specific area near Casselton, some 20 km west of the next larger town of Fargokm west of the next larger town of FargoNor is it by chance that FPG set his Nor is it by chance that FPG set his narrative to the time that Hamsun resided narrative to the time that Hamsun resided at the Dalrymple's vast estateat the Dalrymple's vast estate

8888UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

GROVE & HAMSUNGROVE & HAMSUN

FPG was stationed at the Amenia & FPG was stationed at the Amenia & Sharon Land Company in the summer of Sharon Land Company in the summer of 1912 [but pre-dated it to 1892]1912 [but pre-dated it to 1892]Hamsun stayed on several occasions at Hamsun stayed on several occasions at the Dalrymple's Farm, mostly in the mid-the Dalrymple's Farm, mostly in the mid-1880s1880sHamsun's travel impressions about the Hamsun's travel impressions about the Red River Valley were published in Red River Valley were published in Germany by 1905, the very year that the Germany by 1905, the very year that the Swedish-Norwegian union fell apartSwedish-Norwegian union fell apart

8989

9090UMEA, 16 Feb. 2009 gd

GROVE & HAMSUNGROVE & HAMSUN

Further similarities suggesting that Further similarities suggesting that Greve/Grove imitated Hamsun are the Greve/Grove imitated Hamsun are the Hobo theme, the social criticism of Hobo theme, the social criticism of exploitative practices of both man and exploitative practices of both man and beast, & reckless gambling scenesbeast, & reckless gambling scenesA 2003 anthology entitled Hamsun A 2003 anthology entitled Hamsun remembers America assembles many of remembers America assembles many of the 1905 German texts available to Greve, the 1905 German texts available to Greve, and a few more issued in Christiana/Oslo and a few more issued in Christiana/Oslo newspapers as early as Nov. 1887newspapers as early as Nov. 1887

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GROVE & HAMSUNGROVE & HAMSUN

The editor, Richard Nelson Current, The editor, Richard Nelson Current, points out that Hamsun's Bonanza Farm points out that Hamsun's Bonanza Farm episodes are disproportionally prominent episodes are disproportionally prominent in the author's recollectionsin the author's recollectionsThe map, not unlike Grove's in ASA, The map, not unlike Grove's in ASA, shows both Fargo & Casselton at the left shows both Fargo & Casselton at the left margin margin Hamsun mentions the owner, Oliver Hamsun mentions the owner, Oliver Dalrymple, by name [a descendent is Dalrymple, by name [a descendent is Governor of North Dakota today!]Governor of North Dakota today!]

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GROVE & HAMSUNGROVE & HAMSUN

FPG speaks only vaguely of the "Young FPG speaks only vaguely of the "Young Owner" & his widowed mother: Owner" & his widowed mother: They are L.H. Chaffee & Carrie Chaffee, They are L.H. Chaffee & Carrie Chaffee, her husband, the financial genius H. F. her husband, the financial genius H. F. Chaffee, having drowned in the Titanic Chaffee, having drowned in the Titanic Tragedy of Apr. 1912Tragedy of Apr. 1912For a long time, only a shot of a middle-For a long time, only a shot of a middle-aged "young owner" with a slain antilope aged "young owner" with a slain antilope were availablewere availableSince 2007, this image can be matched Since 2007, this image can be matched with the rifled Lawrence H. Chaffee with the rifled Lawrence H. Chaffee [courtesy, his grand-daughter, Carie Good Chaffee][courtesy, his grand-daughter, Carie Good Chaffee]

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FPG: the quintessential ImitatorFPG: the quintessential Imitator

Once again, the sly references to Hamsun Once again, the sly references to Hamsun show to what extent FPG was imitating show to what extent FPG was imitating admired literary models: admired literary models:

starting with the decadent Oscar Wilde, starting with the decadent Oscar Wilde, then turning to the austere Flaubert, then turning to the austere Flaubert, using Nietzsche for his cultural criticism, using Nietzsche for his cultural criticism, or Goethe for his autobiographies, he or Goethe for his autobiographies, he ended up plagiarizing Hamsun as ended up plagiarizing Hamsun as chronicler of the Dakota Bonanza Farms chronicler of the Dakota Bonanza Farms