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Designing Storage Architectures Meeting September 17-18, 2007Washington, DC

Robert M. RaymondTape Drive EngineeringStorage GroupSun Microsystems

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Question 2

• 2. What hardware technology are you least concerned about for preservation archives in terms of reliability of the bits, and why.> Tape

> Most of the digital archive data is on tape -> good track record.

> There are still some customers with 3420s and 4480s out there, technology 20- 30 yrs old

> Many independent studies done to predict archive life– 10 - 100 years– Manufacturers typically recommend 30 years maximum– Possible failure mechanisms

● Particle corrosion● Binder and substrate aging● Magnetic thermal stability

> Consider technology refresh every 8 to11 years due to equipment obsolescence– Tape has high data rate for more efficient media conversion to next technology – Virtual tape solutions can help in migration to new technologies

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Question 3

• 3. What hardware technology being developed in 1, 2, or 5 years would either increase or reduce the concern about the reliability of the bits (defined as: the bits "in" will be the same as the bits "out") and why.

> Holographic storage would increase the concern about data archive reliability because it is new and unknown.

– Difficult technical problems -> Long 40 year development history with no major commercial products yet.

– Promising archive life but no field history on media archival reliability, so real failure mechanisms are unknown.

– Is roadmap compelling enough when compared to current archive technologies? Will it really become mainstream or just niche market?

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Discussion Topics

• 1. What hardware standards and/or hardware technologies can now apply (and will apply in the near future) to digital preservation in terms of: Magnetic Tape> a. Costs of long-term storage, including media and facilities Tape Media

is lowest cost GB technology suitable for archive. Need to include floor space and environmental control costs for long term storage.

> b. Reliabilty of media and other components Long history of reliable use > c. Migration to new technologies Fast data rate for more efficent

migration> d. Security Encryption available

• 2. What hardware technologies if any have the potential in the 2012 timeframe to change current methods and techniques of digital preservation? Unknown

• 3. What is the one thing that would be most useful to get from software that could support the items in Topic #1? Background migration to newer technologies every 8-11 years

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Access vs Power /CO2

Access Time and Energy (1PByte of Data for 1yr)

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Energy Needed for Storage (lbs ofCO 2)

Access Time to Data (Sec)

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What about throughput?

Storage System Power Efficiency - Tape Library, MAID, RAID

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

THROUGHPUT (TB/HR/KW)

CAPACITY (TB/KW)

GOODNESS

DISK SYSTEMS

TAPE SYSTEMS

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Tape Roadmap

INSIC 2005 High bpi ScenarioYear 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015Capacity (TB) 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 8.0 16.0Data Rate (MB/sec) 75 120 200 320 500 800

Areal Density (Gbits/in 2) 0.44 0.86 1.53 2.73 5.06 10.1

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Thank You!

9‘The Growing Importance of Archive”, R. Abraham, May 2006, http://www.freemanreports.com/white.html

• The total installed base of all archived computer data is 32.21 EB, or 79.5% of all stored data.

• The projected CAGR of the installed base of all stored computer capacity is 49% through 2009.

• 99.9% of all archived data reside on tape media.

May 2006

Where’s the world’s archived data stored?

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Tape Archive Life Studies (MP media)

• “Tape Technology 2000 the exciting future of magnetic tape” , James Goins, THIC Oct 3 2000 • MP1 media 15-30 years archive life

• “Media stability and life expectancies of magnetic tape for use with IBM 3590 and digital linear tape systems”, Judge, J.S.; Schmidt, R.G.; Weiss, R.D.; Miller, G.; Mass Storage Storage Systems and Technologies, 2003. (MSST 2003). Proceedings , 20th IEEE/11th NASA Goddard Conference Mass Storage pp97 - 100, April 2003.> MP media 50-100 years archive life

• “Longevity of high density magnetic media”, Vivek Navale, National Archives and Records Administration, THIC 2002.> MP media 10-16 years archive life

• “Magnetic Tape Storage and Handling; A Guide for Libraries and Archives", John W. C. Van Bogart, The Commission on Preservation and Access and National Media Laboratory, June 1995.> Media 15-20 years archive life

• “An investigation of the archivability of metal particle tape”, Sides, P.J.; Spratt, G.; Kampf, J.P.; IEEE Trans. Mag. Vol. 30, Issue 6,  Part 1-2,  pp,4059 – 4064, Nov 1994. > MP corrosion resistance as good or better than Chromium Dioxide tape

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Tape Archive Environmental Requirements• The National Bureau of Standards publication, Care and

Handling of Computer Magnetic Storage Media, June 1983: recommends that magnetic tape be stored at 65 +/- 3 degrees Fahrenheit and 40% +/- 5% Relative Humidity.

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Proposed Holographic roadmap in black1 Tape in Red2

yearCapacity (GB)

Holographic/Tape

Data Rate (MB/sec)

Holographic/Tape

Holographic

media

Tape

media

2006 300/500 20/120 WORMRe-writable & WORM

2008 800/1000 20/>120 WORMRe-writable & WORM

2008 300/1000 20/>120 re-writableRe-writable & WORM

2010 1600/2000 120/>200 WORMRe-writable & WORM

2010 800/2000 80/>200 re-writableRe-writable & WORM

1 INSIC 2006 International Optical Data Storage Roadmap2 INSIC 2005 Tape Roadmap