1 Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 38 Violence and Human Abuse

1Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Chapter 38

Violence and Human Abuse


Objectives

1. Discuss the scope of the problem of violence in American communities.

2. Examine at least three factors existing in most communities that influence violence and human abuse.

3. Identify at least three types of community facilities that can help prevent violence.

4. Identify indicators of potential child abuse.5. Define the four general types of child abuse:

neglect, physical, emotional, and sexual.


Objectives, Cont’d

6. Discuss abuse of older adults as a crucial community health problem.

7. Evaluate the roles that nurses can assume with rape victims.

8. Analyze primary preventive nursing interventions for community violence.

9. Evaluate the different responses that a nurse would expect to see in a battered woman from the beginning of the abuse until after the relationship has ended.


Objectives, Cont’d

10. Discuss the principles of nursing intervention with violent families.

11. Describe specific nursing interventions with battered women.


Social and Community Factors Influencing Violence

WorkEducation

MediaOrganized Religion

PopulationCommunity Facilities


Work

Unemployment and changing patterns of employment are associated with violence both within and outside the home.

Frustration mounts with jobs that are repetitive, boring, and lacking in stimulation.


Education

In recent years, schools have assumed many responsibilities traditionally assigned to the family. Teaching sexual development Disciplining children Serving as a safe haven

Bullying


Media

Can be instrumental in campaigns against violence

Heighten public awareness of family violence Reducing stigma of victimization Portrayal of violence


Organized Religion

Historically, a contradictory relationship exists between abuse and religion..

Disapproval of divorce Slow to recognize domestic violence


Population

Density, poverty, and diversity, particularly racial tension and overt racism, contribute to violence.

One’s perception of safety in a community can be influenced by racism and perceptions of criminality.

High–population-density communities Gangs Highly diverse populations


Community Facilites

Availability of resources and facilities Recreational facilities, such as playgrounds, parks,

swimming pools, movie theaters, and so on Spectator sports Absence of facilities can increase likelihood of

violence


Violence Against Individuals or Oneself

Homicide Second leading cause of death for young African-

American women 15 to 34 years of age Assault Rape

One of the most underreported forms of human abuse

Attitudes Pornography Victim or survivor?

• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Suicide


Family Violence and Abuse

Development of abusive patterns Upbringing Increased stress

Types of family violence Physical Sexual Emotional


Child Abuse

Foster care Indicators of child abuse

Passive neglect Emotional abuse

Child neglect Physical, emotional, medical, and educational

Sexual abuse


Abuse of Female Partners

Spouse abuse, wife abuse Intimate partner violence Signs of abuse Abuse as a process Intimate partner sexual abuse Abuse during pregnancy


Elder Abuse

Types of elder abuse Precipitating factors for elder abuse


Nursing Interventions

Assessment of risk factors Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention


Violence and the Prison Population

Many incarcerated women in the United States have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV).

Women who have experienced IPV are at risk for depression, PTSD, anxiety, substance abuse, and suicide.

Incidence of rape and assault in prison Significant number of women are imprisoned

for killing their male partners. Act of desperation

Documents

1 Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 38 Violence and Human Abuse