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1
Contextual Interview
Shahnewaz A. Jolly
CPSC 681: Research Methods in Human Computer InteractionInstructor: Dr. Saul Greenberg
Date: November 4, 2009
2
Presentation Outline
Structure of a Contextual Interview
Analyzing Interview Information
Benefits and Problems
3
Structure of a Contextual Interview
Introduction
Field interview
Wrap-up
4
Introduction
Establishing Relationship
Focus of the Interview
Assurance about Confidentiality
Interview Schedule and Procedure
Permission for Recording
Asking for Opinion about the system
Natural Interruptions and Movement
5
Field Interview
Observation and Discussion
Interruption
Taking Notes
Recording Information
Collecting Artifacts
Sharing design ideas
Drawing physical workplace
6
Wrap-up
Summarizing and Validating our ideas
Giving tips on system use
Asking them whether we can contact them
later for further information
Telling them that they can contact us if
they find more information
Thanking the users
7
Analyzing Interview Information
Preparing Team Room
Transcribing the Interview
Fixing and Evolving the Focus of Analysis
Interpreting the Information
Recording Understandings
Structuring the Understanding
Sharing Session
8
Preparing Team Room
Permanent or Temporary Place
Required Equipments Computer with required software Projector or large monitor Flipchart to capture work models or team
discussions Red, blue and green color pens for
capturing models
9
Transcribing the Interview
Fresh in memory
Reviewing interview
Including comments, insights and
questions
10
Fixing and Evolving the Focus of Analysis
Clarifying the focus at the beginning
Deciding what to include and exclude based on
the focus
Looking for answers from the transcript
Validation of interpretation of post-interview
analysis
Review of the question for setting next entering
focus
11
Interpreting the Information
Changing focus, revealing of different
aspects
Reading transcript text and sharing design
ideas
Developing an integrated understanding of
user work
12
Interpreting the Information (cont.)
Gathered knowledge is reusable
Framework Work structure or work flow
Problems doing the work using the system
Disruptions caused by the system
Workarounds that are used to avoid disruptions
Transparency of the system
Aspects of work process and system use that
support work
13
Recording Understanding
o Coding scheme
o Post-its or note card
o Reviewing interview one at a time
14
Recording Understanding (cont.)
Description of users’ work
Flow or structure of the work
Description of problems of work and with
the computer tools
Design ideas from the understanding of
their work
Questions for following interviews
15
Structuring the Understanding
Dividing the Post-its
Systematically grouping Post-its
Affinity Diagram
16
Affinity Diagram
Source: www.baran-systems.com
17
Sharing Session
Team members
Stakeholders
18
Benefits of Arranging Contextual Interview
Multiple interviewers
Different perspective
If recording permission is not available
Setting focus – deciding which information to include and which to exclude
19
Problems of Arranging Contextual Interview
Real Workplace
Time Limitation
Wrong Person
No-show User
Recording Permission
Multiple interviewers – reduces the number
of interview
20
Benefits of Conducting Contextual Interview
Idea about the real use
More information from observation and
interview
Questions are not preset – detail information
can be collected
Interruption – helps in gaining the focus
Sharing idea – validates the understanding
21
Problems of Conducting Contextual Interview
More focus on conversation than activities
Getting more information – reaches
overload point
Current activity may not be helpful
22
Benefits of Analyzing Contextual Interview Information
Transcript helps to analyze
Fixing and evolving focus helps to set
entering focus for next interviews
Interpreted information is reusable
Reusable information provides us a proper
idea about the using of the system
23
Benefits of Analyzing Contextual Interview Information (cont.)
Recording understanding helps to recall the
interview idea later
Sharing session
Team members missed interpretation
session
Sharing interpreted information with
management or stakeholders
Adding missing information to the models
or Affinity diagrams
24
Problems of Analyzing Contextual Interview Information
Getting room for analysis
Transcribing is time consuming
25
Worked-through Example
System – Internet Explorer
Users – Students
26
Arranging Interview
Talking to the school management
Setting focus to get users’ problems
Asking permission for using lab and
recording
27
Conducting Interview
Introduction with the users
Informing them about the interview focus,
schedule and procedures
Setting up the recorders
Asking for their opinion about this browser
28
Conducting Interview (Cont.)
Asking to perform regular tasks
Observing them
Asking questions about the tasks and
problems
Gaining the focus if the conversation is out
of track
Sharing understandings
Thanking them
29
Analyzing Information
Preparing room Transcribing interview information Fix our focus Using Post-its method Recording understandings Using Affinity diagram Sharing session
30
Bibliography
1. Holtzblatt, K., Wendell, J. B., Wood, S. Rapid Contextual
Design: A How-to Guide to Key Techniques for User-
Centered Design. Morgan Kaufmann. 1st Edition. 2004
2. Baecker, R. M., Grudin, J., Buxton, W., Greenberg, S.
Readings in Human-Computer Interaction: Toward the Year
2000. Morgan Kaufmann. 2nd Edition. 1995
3. Beyer, H., Holtzblatt, K. Contextual Design: Defining
Customer-Centered Systems. Morgan Kaufmann. 1st
Edition. 1997
4. Larusdottir, M. K. Using Rapid Contextual Design at
Reykjavik University. “HCIEd.2006-1 inventivity: Teaching
theory, design and innovation in HCI” workshop. 2006
31
Thank you.Questions?