1.1. Comments on TestComments on Test

2.2. Section 16.1A – Acids and BasesSection 16.1A – Acids and Bases

3.3. Homework: pg 589, #2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10Homework: pg 589, #2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10

Wednesday, March 12, 2008

Acids in your lifeAcids in your life

Acid PropertiesAcid Properties

Sour Corrosive to metals Electrolytes React with litmus and indicators

Base PropertiesBase Properties

Bitter Eat through organic material Electrolytes React with litmus paper and indicators Slippery

Arrhenius DefinitionArrhenius Definition

First person to have some understanding of First person to have some understanding of acids and bases was Svante Arrheniusacids and bases was Svante Arrhenius

Acids – produce hydrogen ions in aqueous Acids – produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions.solutions.

Bases – produce hydroxide ions in aqueous Bases – produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions.solutions.

Arrhenius DefinitionArrhenius Definition

HCl(g) HCl(g) HH++(aq) + Cl(aq) + Cl--(aq)(aq)

NaOH(s)NaOH(s) NaNa++(aq) + OH(aq) + OH--(aq)(aq)

HNOHNO33

HCHC22HH33OO22

KOHKOH OH2

OH2

OH2

OH2

OH2

Arrhenius DefinitionArrhenius Definition

This theory was a major step This theory was a major step forward – but somewhat limited. forward – but somewhat limited.

There is only one kind of base in this There is only one kind of base in this theory.theory.

Bronsted Lowry Bronsted Lowry definitiondefinition

Acid – hydrogen ion (proton) donorAcid – hydrogen ion (proton) donor Base – hydrogen ion (proton) acceptorBase – hydrogen ion (proton) acceptor

HA(g) + HHA(g) + H22O(l) O(l) H H33OO++(aq) + A(aq) + A--(aq)(aq)

acidacid basebase

Bronsted Lowry Bronsted Lowry definitiondefinition

This broadens the definition This broadens the definition Does not need to be in water Does not need to be in water Bases don’t need to contain an OHBases don’t need to contain an OH--

All acids/bases in the Arrhenius definition are All acids/bases in the Arrhenius definition are also acids/bases in the Bronsted/Lowry also acids/bases in the Bronsted/Lowry definition.definition.

Bronsted Lowry Bronsted Lowry definitiondefinition

HCl(aq) + HHCl(aq) + H22O(l) O(l) H H33OO++(aq) + Cl(aq) + Cl--

In this equation HA, (general formula In this equation HA, (general formula for acids) donates the proton to the for acids) donates the proton to the water and water water and water acceptsaccepts it. it.

What is the name of H3O+? What is the name of H3O+? Hydronium ion. Hydronium ion. HCl is acid. HCl is acid. Water is the base.Water is the base.

Bronsted LowryBronsted Lowry

NHNH33(aq) + H(aq) + H22O(l) O(l) NH NH44+ + (aq) + OH(aq) + OH--(aq)(aq)

BaseBase acidacid conjugateconjugate conjugate conjugate

acidacid base base

Conjugate acid – the particle formed when a Conjugate acid – the particle formed when a base gains an Hbase gains an H++ ion. ion.

Conjugate base – the particle that remains after Conjugate base – the particle that remains after the acid donates an Hthe acid donates an H++ ion. ion.

Bronsted LowryBronsted Lowry

An acid does not react with it’s conjugate An acid does not react with it’s conjugate base. It produces a conjugate base.base. It produces a conjugate base.

A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two substances related by the loss or gain of a substances related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion.single hydrogen ion.

How can water attract an extra H?How can water attract an extra H? Has 2 lone pair electrons to attract the HHas 2 lone pair electrons to attract the H++

ExampleExample

Which of the following represent conjugate acid-base pairs?

A) HClO4, ClO4-

B) HCl, ClO-

C) H2PO4-, HPO4

2-

D) HNO3, NO3-

A, C, and DA, C, and D