1 Chapter : 3 Sustainable Sites 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Disclaimer LEED and USGBC are registered trademarks of the U.S. Green Building Council. The author is not affiliated to USGBC or GBCI. The information provided in the presentation are compiled by the author and is not endorsed by USGBC or GBCI 2 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 3 4 CREDITTITLENCCSSc Rt HcHsDCWD SS P1Construction activity pollution prevention Required SS C1Site Assessment1 SS C2Site development protect or restore habitat 2 12 SS C3Open Space1 SS C4Rainwater Management3 23 SS C5Heat Island reduction2 12 SS C6Light pollution1 Total Possible Points 10 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SS P1 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Construction NCCSScRtHcHsDCWD Required 5 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. To reduce pollution from construction activities by controlling soil erosion waterway sedimentation and airborne dust. 6 Intent 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Compare local codes and 2012 EPA Construction General Permit follow the stringent Evaluate site and create ESC Plan to include in project drawings and specifications Determine the mode of to documentation for each ESC control strategy like inspection report, photos, or narrative Contractor to review ESC Plan before breaking ground and ensure ESC measures are in place before construction Contractor documents ESC measures during construction Draft a narrative describing ESC measures implemented and submit ESC plan documents with LEED credit template Requirements 7 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Projects should develop and Implement Erosion and Sedimentation Control(ESC) Plan which complies with EPA 2012 Construction General Permit, NPDES or local standards ESC Plan required for all projects including Zero lot line projects and projects that cause minimal or even no exterior site disturbance. Teams for such projects must describe the specific situation and how the plan applies 8 Erosion & Sedimentation Control Plan 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 9 Stock Piling: Topsoil is removed from the site and piled in safe place, replaced by free drain gravel and finally restored after the construction Protecting & restoring top soil: 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Temporary Seeding: Plant fast growing grasses to temporarily stabilize the soil Permanent Seeding: Plant grass, trees and shrubs to permanently stabilize the soil 10 Stabilization Strategies: 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Mulching: Spreading material like sawdust, straw, hay, grass, wood chips or gravel over the topsoil to stabilize it. 11 Stabilization Strategies contd: 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Silt fencing: Construction post with fabric filter media to remove sediments from storm water runoff. Structural Strategies: 12 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Sediment basin: same as sediment trap but of larger size Sediment Traps: A cavity where sediments from storm water are allowed to settled down. Structural Strategies contd: 13 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Earth Dikes: mound of stabilized soil to divert the run off through the desired direction (ideally through sediment traps and basins) Structural Strategies contd: 14 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Narrative of Standard followed ESC plan or project drawings showing the control measures. ESC plan must list down the responsibilities and assign it to respective team member Proof of implementation with one of the following: an inspection report with the required signature, photos, or a narrative report. 15 Documentation: 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 16 Sample Documentation 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 17 Sample Documentation 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 18 Documentation 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SS P2 Environmental Site Assessment Design NCCSScRtHcHsDCWD --R-R 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 20 To protect the health of vulnerable population, by ensuring that the site is assessed for the environmental contamination and has been remediated. Intent 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Requirements Conduct a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ASTM E ) If Phase 1 tested positive conduct Phase II Environmental Site Assessment (ASTM E ) Contaminated sites must be remediated Must meet federal, state or local standards and documented to be safe 21 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Conduct Phase I ESA Possible Contamination? Yes Conduct a Phase II ESA Contaminated Not contaminated Provide an executive summary stating the Phase II ESA results No Provide an executive summary stating the Phase I ESA results Implementation/Submittals Remediate the site to local, state or federal standards whichever is stringent Does Phase II ESA confirm that the site is or not contaminated 22 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Strategies ESA Phase 1 Review historical records including federal, state and local databases Visit site to identify possible hazardous substances Interview people familiar with history of site Report documenting results of analysis Strategies ESA Phase 2 Conduct tests for soil & water tests for suspected contaminants Remediate the contaminants to meet acceptable standards 23 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Reference Standards ASTM E Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) ASTM E Phase II Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) OR As determined by federal, state or local government 24 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SS C1 Site Assessment Design NCCSScRtHcHsDCWD 1 25 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 26 Assess site conditions before design to evaluate sustainable options and inform related decisions about site design. Intent 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 27 A site assessment evaluates environmental features that the design of a sustainable site and building should take into consideration. It identifies Assets favorable climate conditions good solar access healthy plant populations Liabilities Unhealthy soils, Blighted structures, pollution sources, steep slopes extreme climate patterns Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 28 Site Features Topography Hydrology Climate Vegetation Soils Human use Human health effects Engage landscape architect, land planner, and architect Engage a local expert if required Assess & document 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 29 Documentation 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 30 Documentation 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SS C2 Site Development Protect or Restore Habitat Construction NCCSScRtHcHsDCWD 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to provide habitat and promote biodiversity. 32 Intent 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 33 Preserve and protect 40% of the greenfield area on the site (if such areas exist). AND Option 1. on-site restoration (2 points except healthcare, 1 point healthcare) OR Option 2. financial support (1 point) Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 34 Option 1. on-site restoration (previously developed areas) Restore 30% (including the building footprint) of all portions of the site identified as previously developed Projects with density of 1.5 FAR may include vegetated roof surfaces Option 2. financial support (land trust support) $0.40 per square foot for the total site area Financial support must be provided to a recognized land trust or conservation organization within the same EPA Level III eco region or the projects state (or within 100 miles of the project for projects outside the U.S.). For U.S. projects, the land trust must be accredited by the Land Trust Alliance. Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Restore Greenfield Areas 35 Reduce disturbance on greenfield sites during construction Restore all disturbed or compacted soils to its original condition 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 36 Soil Restoration Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 37 Calculation / Documentation 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 38 Calculation / Documentation 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Option 1. Double the 30% restoration requirement (restore at least 60%). Option 2. Double the financial donation requirement (provide at least $0.80 per square foot or $8.00 per square meter). 39 Exemplary Performance 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Schools 40 Dedicated athletic fields, that are solely for athletic uses are exempted from the soil restoration criteria, and may not count towards minimum required area 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Reference Standards 41 U.S. EPA ecoregions Land Trust Alliance accreditation Natural Resources Conservation Service, web soil survey Sustainable Sites Initiative (SITESs) 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SS C3 Open Space Design NCCSScRtHcHsDCWD 1 42 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Create exterior open space that encourages interaction with the environment, social interaction, passive recreation, and physical activities. 43 Intent 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 44 Provide outdoor space greater than or equal to 30% of the total site area (including building footprint). A minimum of 25% of that outdoor space must be vegetated (turf grass does not count as vegetation) For projects that achieve a density of 1.5 floor-area ratio (FAR), vegetated roofs can be used toward the minimum 25% vegetation requirement Wetlands or naturally designed ponds may count as open space if the side slope gradients average 1:4 For projects that are part of a multitenant complex only Open space can be either adjacent to the building or at another location in the site master plan Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Outdoor space 45 Outdoor space must be accessible and be one of the following: Pedestrian oriented paving Recreation oriented paving Garden spaces Habitats Restored spaces 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. What is open space ? 46 Open space is an accessible area that is permanently maintained in a semi-natural conditions for human recreation and relaxation. It may have grass, water, flora and other recreation improvements. 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 47 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 48 Calculation / Documentation 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SS C4 Rainwater Management Design NCCSScRtHcHsDCWD 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Reduce runoff volume and improve water quality by replicating the natural hydrology and water balance of the site, based on historical conditions and undeveloped ecosystems in the region. 50 Intent 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 51 Option 1. Percentile of rainfall events (2-3 points except Healthcare, 1-2 point Healthcare) OR Option 2. Natural land cover conditions (3 points except Healthcare, 2 points Healthcare) Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. A percentile rainfall event represents a precipitation amount that the chosen percent of all rainfall events for the period of record do not exceed. For example, the 95th percentile of rainfall events is the measured precipitation depth accumulated over 24 hours that ranks as the 95th- percent rainfall depth based on the range of all daily event occurrences during the period of record. The 24-hour period is typically defined as 12:00:00 A.M. to 11:59:59 P.M. 52 Percentile of Rainfall Events 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 53 Option 1. Percentile of rainfall events Path 1. 95% (2 points except Healthcare, 1 point Healthcare) Manage on site the runoff from the developed site for the 95th percentile of regional or local rainfall events using low-impact development (LID) and green infrastructure. Path 2. 98% (3 points except Healthcare, 2 points Healthcare) Achieve Path 1 but for the 98th percentile Path 3. Zero lot line projects only 85% (3 points except Healthcare, 2 points Healthcare) For projects with a minimum density of 1.5 FAR, manage on site the runoff for the 85th percentile. Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 54 Option 2. Natural land cover conditions (3 points except Healthcare, 2 points Healthcare) Manage on site the annual increase in runoff volume from the natural land cover condition to the postdeveloped condition. Applies for the project with lot of green / open space Managing the difference between Predevelopment and post development runoff volume Quantity and quality of runoff volume to be manage Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 55 Calculation Modified rational method Q = C x I x A x APF TR-55 graphical peak discharge q p = q a x A m x Q x F p TR-55 tabular hydrograph q = q t x A m x Q 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Manage 100% of rainwater that falls within the project boundary. 56 Exemplary Performance U.S. EPA Technical Guidance on Implementing the Rainwater Runoff Requirements for Federal Projects under Section 438 of the Energy Independence and Security Act Reference Standards 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SS C5 Heat Island Reduction Construction 57 NCCSScRtHcHsDCWD 212 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Minimize effects on microclimates and human and wildlife habitats by reducing heat islands 58 Intent 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Built environment retains a great deal of heat. When hardscapes radiates heat, they heat up the buildings as well, thus requiring more energy to cool them. 59 Heat island 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 60 Option 1. nonroof and roof (2 points except Healthcare, 1 point Healthcare) Option 2. parking under cover (1 point) Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 61 Option 1. nonroof and roof Alternatively, an SRI and SR weighted average approach may be used to calculate compliance Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 62 Nonroof measures Install plants that provide shade over paving areas (including playgrounds) on the site within 10 years Shade with structures covered by energy generation systems Shade with architectural devices/structures with a three-year aged solar reflectance (SR) value of at least If information not available, use an initial SR of at least 0.33 at installation. Provide shade with vegetated structures Use paving materials with a three-year aged solar reflectance (SR) value of at least If information not available, use an initial SR of at least 0.33 at installation Use an open-grid pavement system (at least 50% unbound) Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 63 Roof measures High-reflectance roof - Use roofing materials that have an SRI equal to or greater than the values in Table below: Vegetated roof - Install a vegetated roof Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 64 Option 2. parking under cover Place a minimum of 75% of parking spaces under cover. Any roof used to shade or cover parking must have a three-year aged SRI of at least 32 (if information not available, use an initial SRI of at least 39), be a vegetated roof, or be covered by energy generation systems, i.e. solar thermal collectors, photovoltaics, and wind turbines. Motorcycle parking counts, bicycle spaces do not Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Strategies / Implementation 65 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Limit impervious hardscapes Use light-colored paving Shading devices Underground parking 66 Combined Strategies - Nonroof 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SRI value for flat roof/low slope surfaces shall be 82 or higher 67 SRI value for high slope roof shall be 39 or higher Combined Strategies - Roof 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Consider using vegetated roof instead of conventional roof 68 Vegetated roof 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Ability of a surface to reject heat. For a surface to have higher SRI it should have higher emittance and reflectance or Albedo 69 SRI (solar reflective index) 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 70 SRI values for Solar Infrared Temperatures Solar Reflectance Infrared Emittance SRI Gray EPDM Gray Asphalt Shingle PVC White White coating, 2 coats, 2 mils Generally construction materials have higher emittance and poor reflectance. But to have high SRI both reflectance and emittance should be higher SRI values 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Decision specially for roof measures to be taken early in the design process. Non roof measures are adoptable even in design and build process. Adjust design to comply with the equation to satisfy the requirement of credit 71 Timeline & Team 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 72 Calculation / Documentation Area with two or multiple features can only count once Credit template Site plan(s), including LEED project boundary, building footprint, roof and hardscape area, and area of each roof and nonroof measure Weighted nonroof and roof calculation 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Achieve both Options 1 and 2. Locate 100% of parking under cover. 73 Exemplary Performance ASTM Standards E903 and E892 Cool Roof Rating Council Standard (CRRC-1) Reference Standards 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SS C6 Light Pollution Reduction Design NCCSScRtHcHsDCWD 1 74 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Increase night sky access, improve nighttime visibility, and reduce the consequences of development for wildlife and people. 75 Intent 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 76 Waste light from building sites that produces glare, is directed upward to the sky, or is directed off the site. Waste light does not increase nighttime safety, utility, or security and needlessly consumes energy. What is light pollution ? 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 77 Option 1. bug rating method (1 point) OR Option 2. calculation method (1 point) Projects may use different options for uplight and light trespass. Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 78 BUG A luminaire classification system that classifies luminaries in terms of backlight (B), uplight (U), and glare (G) (taken from IES/IDA Model Lighting Ordinance). BUG ratings supersede the former cutoff ratings. Light trespass Obtrusive illumination that is unwanted because of quantitative, directional, or spectral attributes. Light trespass can cause annoyance, discomfort, distraction, or loss of visibility. Definitions 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 79 Option 1. bug rating method Uplight - Do not exceed the following luminaire uplight ratings, based on the specific light source installed in the luminaire, as defined in IES TM-15-11, Addendum A Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 80 Trespass - Do not exceed backlight and glare ratings, (as defined in IES TM-15-11, Addendum A) Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 81 Option 2. calculation method Uplight - Do not exceed the following percentages of total lumens emitted above horizontal. Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 82 Trespass limit vertical illuminances at the lighting boundary Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 83 Internally illuminated exterior signage For all projects that have internally illuminated exterior signage. Do not exceed a luminance of 200 cd/m2 (nits) during nighttime hours and 2000 cd/m2 (nits) during daytime hours. Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Lighting boundary can be changed When there are additional properties owned by the same entity that are contiguous to the property When the property line is adjacent to a public area that is a walkway, bikeway, plaza, or parking lot, the lighting boundary may be moved to 5 feet (1.5 meters) beyond the property line. When the property line is adjacent to a public street, alley, or transit corridor, the lighting boundary may be moved to the center line of that street, alley, or corridor. 84 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 85 Following lighting are exempt from calculations: Directional signage Some architectural lighting Theatrical lighting Roadway lighting Hospital emergency lighting National flags Internal signs Exemptions 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 86 Calculation / Documentation BUG Calculation Internally illuminated exterior signage 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 87 Illuminating Engineering Society and International Dark Sky Association (IES/IDA) Model Lighting Ordinance User Guide and IES TM-15-11, Addendum A Reference Standards 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SS C7 Tenant Design and Construction Guidelines Design NCCSScRtHcHsDCWD 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. To educate tenants in implementing sustainable design and construction features in their tenant improvement build-out. 89 Intent 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 90 Publish an illustrative document Guidelines must cover base building systems Water use Optimizing energy Performance Lighting power Lighting controls HVAC Energy use & metering Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Create an illustrative manual Prepare early in the project and assign a team member to revise as the project progress Include recommendation for products such as: Specific type of LED lights Specific type of Carpets Specific type of Luminaries 91 Strategies / Implementation 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 92 Calculation / Documentation 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SS C7 Places of Respite Design NCCSScRtHcHsDCWD 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 94 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. To provide patients, staff and visitors with the health benefits of the natural environment like creating outdoor spaces of respite on the health care campus. 95 Intent 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 96 Provide places of respite to: 5% of net usable program area accessible for patients / visitors 2% of net usable program area dedicated for staff (may not be accessible) usable program area - Sum of all interior spaces will be calculated excluding, areas for building equipment area, particle circulation and for structural components Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 97 Area of respite can be located outdoor such as: Healing gardens Green roof and roof top gardens Space for program of care A quite green space with a bench Outdoor areas must: At least 25% vegetated Open area Proper signage 25ft. Away from smoking areas Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 98 Area of respite can be located indoor such as: Requirements Interior atrium and greenhouse gardens Quite court with views of nature Family consultation spaces with views 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 30% of required area 90% line of site 99 All areas must meet the following requirements: 200 feet (60m) of entrance Away from emergency doors Seating 1 seating space per 200 sq.ft of respite area with one wheel chair space per 5 seating spaces 50% or less gardens 30% or less natural trails Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Interesting hardscapes can be design in outdoor areas with focus on the quality of the open space The space for respite must be recreation oriented or garden space and not just a turf grass Design team should set goals early in the design process 100 Strategies / Implementation 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SS C8 Direct Exterior Access Design 101 NCCSScRtHcHsDCWD -1- 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. To provide patients and staff with the health benefit associated with direct access to the natural environment 102 Intent 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 103 Provide direct exterior access 5 sq.ft / patient 75% of all inpatients 75% of patients exceed 4 hour stay direct exterior access without having to leave the floor or accessing another major space Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SS C7 Site Master Plan Design NCCSScRtHcHsDCWD 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. To ensure that the sustainable site benefits achieved by the project continue, regardless of future changes in program or demographics. 105 Intent 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 106 Site master plan is an overall design or development concept for the project, and associated buildings and sites The plan considers future sustainable use, expansion and contraction What is a site master plan ? 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 107 Achieve 4 out of 6 LT CreditHigh Priority Site SS CreditSite Development Protect or Restore Habitat SS CreditOpen Space SS CreditRainwater Management SS CreditHeat Island Reduction SS CreditLight Pollution Reduction All of the credit to be calculated for data from master plan and must include parking, paving and utilities Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. Consider plans for community centers, libraries, parks and other major projects and strategically develop a master plan and evaluate future expansion Involve decision makers and local municipalities Review geographic and demographic information to determine factors that may impact expansion. Incorporate flexibility in the master plan for range of scenarios 108 Strategies / Implementation 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 109 Calculation / Documentation Same calculation as specified for each credit for the project and future development in master plan as well. 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. SS C8 Joint Use of Facilities Design NCCSScRtHcHsDCWD 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. To integrate the school with the community by sharing the building and its playing fields for non school events and functions 111 Intent 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 112 Option 1 Allowing public access to building space At least 3 of the following Auditorium Gymnasium Cafeteria One or more classrooms Playing fields / stadiums Joint parking Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 113 Option 2 Sign contract to share building space At least 2 of the following Commercial office Health clinic Community service centers Police office Library or media center Parking lot Commercial businesses Access to toilets is required Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 114 Option 3 Sign contract to use off-site spaces At least 2 of the following Auditorium Gymnasium Cafeteria One or more classrooms Swimming pools Playing fields / stadiums Pedestrian access is required from the school to the facility Requirements 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 115 Questions? 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved.