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Answer in 15 minutes Answer in 15 minutes Write true or false Write true or false (with correct) (with correct)
1- Metazoa Included Parazoa and metazoa .1- Metazoa Included Parazoa and metazoa .2- Metazoa the animals have unicellular body.2- Metazoa the animals have unicellular body.3- Eumetazoa have bilateral symmetry only .3- Eumetazoa have bilateral symmetry only .4- Parazoa cellular organization .4- Parazoa cellular organization .5- Parazoa are not differentiated cells in layers.5- Parazoa are not differentiated cells in layers.6- Parazoa have true tissues .6- Parazoa have true tissues .7- As example of parazoa are clams .7- As example of parazoa are clams .8- Triploblastic have 2 layers .8- Triploblastic have 2 layers .9- Eumetazoa divided to triploblastica and uniblastica .9- Eumetazoa divided to triploblastica and uniblastica .10- Diploblastica have ectoderm , endoderm & mesoderm tissues.10- Diploblastica have ectoderm , endoderm & mesoderm tissues.11- Diploblastic have three tissues .11- Diploblastic have three tissues .12- Triploblastic is important for movement .12- Triploblastic is important for movement .13- Body cavity lying between the body wall and the internal organs .13- Body cavity lying between the body wall and the internal organs .14- Body cavity may be rich of Mesenchyme cells .14- Body cavity may be rich of Mesenchyme cells .15- Bilateral animals having distinct body cavity .15- Bilateral animals having distinct body cavity .16- for example of pseudocoelomates 16- for example of pseudocoelomates AcanthochitonAcanthochiton . .17- Mesenchyme cells are occupying the space between the body wall and the 17- Mesenchyme cells are occupying the space between the body wall and the anus of the animals .anus of the animals .18- The body cavity derived from the gut of the embryo .18- The body cavity derived from the gut of the embryo .19- This cavity is lined by mesodermal epithelium .19- This cavity is lined by mesodermal epithelium .
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Answer in 15 minutes Answer in 15 minutes Write true or false Write true or false (with correct) (with correct)
20- Ceolom is Internal fluid-filled cavity .20- Ceolom is Internal fluid-filled cavity .21- Ceolomates have body cavity lined with mesoderm .21- Ceolomates have body cavity lined with mesoderm .22- pseudocoelomates have body cavity partially lined with mesoderm .22- pseudocoelomates have body cavity partially lined with mesoderm .23- Schizocoelous are liquid masses of mesoderm split to form the coelomic 23- Schizocoelous are liquid masses of mesoderm split to form the coelomic cavities As the archenteron . cavities As the archenteron . 24- Enterocoelous are not mesoderm buds off from the wall of the 24- Enterocoelous are not mesoderm buds off from the wall of the archenteron and hollows to become the coelomic cavities .archenteron and hollows to become the coelomic cavities .
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Lecture 2Lecture 2
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SyllabusSyllabus•Introduction
•Phylum: Annelida (General charactes)
•Nereis
•Allolobophra caliginosa
•Hirudo medicinalis
•Phylum: Arthropoda (General charactes)
•Astacus fluviatulis & Neptunus pelagious
•Daphnia, Cyclops, Balanus
•Scolopendra morsitans, Lycosa ferox
•Phylum: Mollusca (General characters)
•Acanthochiton spinigira, Helix pomatia
•Loligo peadlii, Anodonta sp.
•Phylum: Echinodermata (General characters)
•Astropecten sp.
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AimAim What do know about Segmented worms Segmented worms ?? What do know about SegmentationSegmentation ?? What do know about SymmetrySymmetry ?? What do know about Organ Systems Organ Systems ?? What do know about Mechanism/ModeMechanism/Mode of Locomotion of Locomotion ??
What do know about TyphlosoleTyphlosole ? ? What do know about PolychaetaPolychaeta ? ? What do know about Body wall in Polychaeta Body wall in Polychaeta ??
What do know about habitat in Polychaeta habitat in Polychaeta ?? What do know about Organ Systems in Polychaeta Organ Systems in Polychaeta ??
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RememberRemember
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters
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Segmented wormsSegmented worms 15,000 species15,000 species TriploblasticTriploblastic ProtostomeProtostome Bilateral symmetry with cephalisation obscured in Bilateral symmetry with cephalisation obscured in
some speciessome species Internal body space is partitioned ( Internal body space is partitioned ( - فصل بحاجز - فصل بحاجز
by septaeby septae قسمقسم Marine, freshwater and terrestrial (in moist Marine, freshwater and terrestrial (in moist
soil/humus) speciessoil/humus) species Cutaneous respirationCutaneous respiration
Skin is highly vascularised and must stay moistSkin is highly vascularised and must stay moist
Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters
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is the subdivision of is the subdivision of the body into the body into segmentssegments
Two advantages result from embryonic segmentationTwo advantages result from embryonic segmentation
1- Each segment Each segment may develop a may develop a more or less more or less
complete set of complete set of adult organ adult organ systems .systems .
2-Locomotion is far Locomotion is far more effective more effective
because of because of increased flexibility increased flexibility
of movement of movement ..
Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters
SegmentationSegmentation
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters
SegmentationSegmentation
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body space is partitioned by septaebody space is partitioned by septae
Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters
SegmentationSegmentation
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters
SymmetrySymmetry
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radial symmetryradial symmetry bilateral symmetrybilateral symmetry
the parts of the body are the parts of the body are arranged around a central arranged around a central axisaxis
the body has a right and left the body has a right and left half that are mirror images of half that are mirror images of each othereach other
1-1-Allows different organs to be located in different parts of the Allows different organs to be located in different parts of the body.body.
2-2-Ultimately led to cephalization.Ultimately led to cephalization.
3-3-Evolution of a definite head and brain area.Evolution of a definite head and brain area.
Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters
SymmetrySymmetry
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters
systemssystems
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1-Both longitudinal and circular muscle fibers Allows for coordination of propulsive muscular waves in body wall; peristalsis ( حركات تقلصية متتابعة
فى قناة أو انبوب ) فى الجسم لدفع الغذاء أو الفضالت
2-Special muscles attached to setae to move setae
3- In polychaetes, oblique muscle groups run into the parapodia for movement
Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters1-1- Muscular System Muscular System
Note
Mechanism/Mode of Mechanism/Mode of LocomotionLocomotion
peristalsis involving the peristalsis involving the alternating contractions of alternating contractions of longitudinal and circular longitudinal and circular
musclemuscle* layers to change the shape * layers to change the shape
of individual segmentsof individual segments* Burrowing and creeping * Burrowing and creeping using peristalsis and/or using peristalsis and/or
parapodiaparapodia
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Integumentary System (skin) 1- Cellular epidermis that secretes a mucus 2-Thickened, non-living transparent cuticle 3-Cilia present in many forms chitinous setae often present; setae absent
in leeches; greater number of setae in 4-As compared to oligochaetes
Allows for coordination of propulsive muscular wavesAllows for coordination of propulsive muscular waves
Coelom is fluid-filled spaceCoelom is fluid-filled space
Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters
Integumentary System Integumentary System (skin((skin(
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters
Note Not all organ systems Not all organ systems are metameric (are metameric ( ينقسم ينقسم
أجزاء إلىإلى أو أجزاء مفصصات أو مفصصاتمتتابعة متتابعة متماثلة متماثلة
الجسم الجسم علىامتداد علىامتداداألرض دودة األرض كجسم دودة ((كجسم
For example: the For example: the digestive system digestive system
extends the length of extends the length of the organism and is the organism and is
differentiated along its differentiated along its length .length .
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General charactersGeneral characters
Nervous SystemNervous System
1-1- Consists of a brain .Consists of a brain . 2-2- cerebral ganglia with two cerebral ganglia with two
fused ventral nerve cords .fused ventral nerve cords . 3-3- various ganglia similar to various ganglia similar to
arthropods .arthropods . ((ganglion in each segment ganglion in each segment
(metameric))(metameric)) 4-4- leeches have an anterior leeches have an anterior
brain of six pairs of fused brain of six pairs of fused ganglia and a posterior brain ganglia and a posterior brain of seven pairs of fused of seven pairs of fused
ganglia ganglia ..
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Sensory OrgansSensory Organs sensory tentacles Palps Eyespots in polychaetes (Especially on prostomium)
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters Circulatory System
1- 1- closed circulatory closed circulatory system that is system that is segmentally arranged segmentally arranged with aortic arches with aortic arches (“hearts”)(“hearts”)
2-2- and ventral and dorsal and ventral and dorsal blood vesselsblood vessels surrounding pharynxsurrounding pharynx for for circulating bloodcirculating blood
3-3- blood contains blood contains respiratory pigments respiratory pigments including hemoglobinincluding hemoglobin
4-4- Blood with haemoglobin Blood with haemoglobin as Oas O22-carrying molecule-carrying molecule
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Respiratory System (gas exchange)Respiratory System (gas exchange)
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gas exchange by simplesimple diffusiondiffusion = cutaneouscutaneous respirationrespiration and/or
Gills in some polychaetes and/or
parapodia in polychaetes act as gills = example of convergent evolution to appendages
and specializedspecialized gillsgills seen inin arthropodsarthropods
Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters Digestive System Digestive System
(food/water supply((food/water supply( Complete digestive system
with mouth and anus, not segmentally arranged
well muscularized pharynx in oligochaetes
Crop for storage, Gizzard for grinding and TyphlosoleTyphlosole with increase surface area for absorption in oligochaetes
In oligochaetes, ingested soil may contain high levels of calcium; calciferous glands along esophagus secrete calcium ions into gut to reduce calcium ion concentration and maintain acid-base balance in blood
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In tube worm polychaetes, specialized feathery arms or radioles use ciliary actionهدبي
Mucous to trap food particles of a digestible size
leeches are parasitic, but also predaceous and scavenging on fluids and tissuesتنظيف
terrestrial leeches feed on insect larvae, earthworms and slugs
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters Digestive System Digestive System
(food/water supply((food/water supply(
Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Digestive System (food/water supply)Digestive System (food/water supply)
TyphlosoleTyphlosole
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Immune SystemImmune System
Ameobocytes found in blood
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters Excretory SystemExcretory System
Well developed metanephridia in most segments that involves removal of wastes from the blood and the coelom .
Generally have metanephridia; some have protonephridia each metanephridium has a ciliated funnel or nephrostome that leads by a small ciliated tubule through the septum in to the segment behind to a nephric tubule that empties into a bladder and waste is excreted out a nephridiopore (opening) .
Aquatic annelids secrete ammonia . Terrestrial oligochaetes secrete less
toxic urea . Osmoregulation occurs via the body
surface and the nephridia .
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Reproductive SystemReproductive System -Monoecious in oligochaetes and leeches
(Hirudinae) with internal fertilization and direct development (no larval stage = juvenile worms look like mini adults)
-Dioecious ( ثنائي البيت اي ان اعضاءالتذكير التناسلية في فرد واعضاء التأنيث in polychaetes (التناسلية في فرد اخرwith external fertilization and formation of a trochophore larva .
-Asexual = most highly organized animals capable of complete regeneration.
- This ability varies considerably within the phylum.
- Evolutionarily, regenerative capability has been lost in many species.
-Both anterior (tail to head) and posterior (head to tail)
-Segment regeneration has been shown in some species.
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Reproductive SystemReproductive System Hermaphrodites - with Hermaphrodites - with
cross fertilizationcross fertilization Clitellum is a special Clitellum is a special
region at the anterior end region at the anterior end of the worm that of the worm that
1-1-secretes a mucus secretes a mucus cocoon, cocoon,
2-2-both during mating (to both during mating (to hold the worms together) hold the worms together)
3-3-protective coat around protective coat around eggs eggs
Trochophore is typical Trochophore is typical larval stagelarval stage
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Major ClassesMajor Classes
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
PolychaetaPolychaeta
1- (pol'e-ke'ta) (Gr. polys, many, + chaiti?, long hair).
2- About 5300 species. 3- Segmented inside and out; parapodia used in used in
locomotionlocomotion with many large number of chitinous bristles setae
4- Distinct head with eyes 5- palps, and tentacles 6- No clitellum 7- Separate sexes 8- Trochophore larva usually present 9- Mostly marine. 10- Examples: Nereis
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
PolychaetaPolychaeta
Well - developed head .Well - developed head . **ProstomiumProstomium is well equipped is well equipped
with sensory and feeding with sensory and feeding structures .structures .
JawsJaws
TeethTeeth
Postomial tentachelsPostomial tentachels
Peristomial palpsPeristomial palps
Peristomial tentachelsPeristomial tentachels
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta Body wall
It consists of an outer cuticle which is secreted by :
The cells of the hypodermis just beneath
it .
several muscular layers under the hypodermis
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta 1- BristleBristle worms worms 2- Mostly Mostly marinemarine 3- Most free-living (living in Most free-living (living in
substrate or free-swimming), substrate or free-swimming), but some live in mucus-but some live in mucus-supported tubes that are supported tubes that are surrounded by substratesurrounded by substrate
4-Many are active Many are active predatorspredators, , while others are while others are filter filter feedersfeeders
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta Habitat Habitat
Many crawl on or burrow Many crawl on or burrow in the seafloor.in the seafloor.
A few drift and swim in A few drift and swim in the plankton.the plankton.
Polychaetes include Polychaetes include carnivorescarnivores, , scavengersscavengers, , and and planktivoresplanktivores..
The brightly colored The brightly colored fanworms trap planktonon fanworms trap planktonon feathery tentacles.feathery tentacles.
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta systems
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta Nervous SystemNervous System
1-dorsal brain (brain is fund above the pharynx in the head whis is consists of a pair of supra
pharynx geal ganglia. - it is connected with a pair of sub pharyngeal ganglia by acircumpharyngeal
commissure on either side which from aring around the pharynx) .
2- ventral, with a pair of ganglia 3-solid nerve cord, with ganglia in each segment. 4- Endocrine- hormones secreted by nervous system. The brain gives off:- A- An optic nerve to each eye B- Palpal nerve to each palpus C- Atentacular nerve to each group of tentacles. 5- Three pairs of nerves arise from each of ganglia of the ventral nerve chain - One pair to 1- the parapodia 2- the anterior segment 3- the muscles of the segment
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta Nervous SystemNervous System
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta Digestive systemDigestive system
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta Digestive systemDigestive system
1- The mouth opens into the pharynx which forms assort of proboscis .
(This is accomplished by protractor and retractor muscles ).
2- The pharynx leads into a slender esophagus which have digestive gland .
3 - Straight stomach following the esophagus
it extending to the anus .
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta Digestive systemDigestive system
Feeding:Feeding:
Clamworms (Clamworms (NereisNereis) crawl ) crawl about on marine surfaces about on marine surfaces hunting for food using hunting for food using well-developed sensory well-developed sensory structures. Once located, structures. Once located, prey are seized with prey are seized with chitinous jaws on a rapidly chitinous jaws on a rapidly everted, muscular pharynxeverted, muscular pharynx
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta Digestive systemDigestive system
Note• Digestive Digestive
system system
• Includes a Includes a muscular muscular pharynx pharynx
that can be that can be everted everted through through
the mouththe mouth
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
Closed system Use hemoglobin as oxygen carrier.
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
1- The blood is contained in contractile tube ( the blood vessels ).
2- There is a dorsal vessel , that lies between the two dorsal longitudinal muscles bands ( which carried blood anteriorly ).
3- A ventral vessel below the intestine which carries blood posteriorly.
4- In each segment , the longitudinal vessels are connected on either by right and left transverse vessels to form
networks of capillaries in parapodia.
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QuizQuiz
48
AnswerAnswer
1-1- Parapodium Parapodium 11- 11- Ventral blood vesselVentral blood vessel
2-2- Coelom Coelom 12- 12- Circular muscleCircular muscle
3-3- Dorsal blood vessel Dorsal blood vessel 13- 13- Cuticle Cuticle
4-4- Intestine Intestine 14- 14- NephridiumNephridium
5-5- Longitudinal muscle Longitudinal muscle 15- 15- NephridioporeNephridiopore
6-6- Capillary ped in parapodium Capillary ped in parapodium 16- SetaeSetae
7-7- Notopodium Notopodium
8-8- Neuropodium Neuropodium
9- 9- Transverse parapodial muscleTransverse parapodial muscle
10-10-Venteral nerve cordVenteral nerve cord49
Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta Respiratory systemRespiratory system
• Although many of the Although many of the smaller polychaetes lack smaller polychaetes lack respiratory structures, the respiratory structures, the larger one do possess gillslarger one do possess gills
• Gills are usually Gills are usually modifications of the modifications of the parapodiaparapodia
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
PolychaetaPolychaeta Excretory SystemExcretory System
Every segment contains a pair of nephridia except the peristomium and the anal segment .
Each nephridium opens into the coelomic cavity by means of a ciliated funnel.
Each nephridium passes posteriorly through the septum into the following segment. Where it forms coiled tube .
It opens at the base of aparapoium on the ventral surface through nephridiopore.
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta ReproductionReproduction
1- Sexes are separate. 2- No well _ defined gonads are present but
during breeding season ova or spermatozoa arise from the wall of the coelom in each segment except near the anterior end.
3- At this time the worm is differentiated into 2 regions:
An anterior atoke. A posterior epitoke which contains the gonads. 4- The specialized worm is called aheteronereid. 5- Fertilization occurs (external external ) in the open
water. 6- Trochophore larvae develop from the
fertilized eggs.
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta ReproductionReproduction
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Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida General characters General characters
Polychaeta Polychaeta ReproductionReproduction
EpitokyEpitoky Morphological changes Morphological changes that take place in many that take place in many polychaetes associated polychaetes associated with the reproductive activity with the reproductive activity in tube-dwelling speciesin tube-dwelling species At breeding time, many At breeding time, many
morphological changes morphological changes associated with swimming associated with swimming allow the worms to leave their allow the worms to leave their tubes and swarm to the tubes and swarm to the surface of sea for matingsurface of sea for mating
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General viewGeneral view
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1-1- Annelida are Annelida are ……………. , ………….. , ………… ……………. , ………….. , ………… andand ……… ……… wormsworms . 2-2- What the meaning of cutaneous respiration ? 3-3- What the meaning of Segmentation ? 4-4- What the advantages result from embryonic segmentation ? 5-5- Body space is partitioned by Body space is partitioned by ………………………… . 6-6- What the meaning of Symmetry ? 7-7- Compare between two type of Symmetry ? 8-8- Symmetry are Symmetry are …………………………………… and and …………..………….. . 9- 9- What the important of Symmetry ? 1010- What are the systems of Annelida ? 11-11- Both longitudinal and Both longitudinal and …………………………………………………………..allows for coordinationallows for coordination of propulsive muscular waves in of propulsive muscular waves in ………………………….…………………………. . Special muscles attached to Special muscles attached to ……………………. to move it to move it . 1212- What are the mechanism of locomotion of Annelida ? 13-13- Illustrate Integumentary System ? 14- 14- ……………… epidermis that secretes a epidermis that secretes a ……..…….. .
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QuizQuiz
QuizQuiz 15- 15- ………………..……………….. transparent cuticle transparent cuticle . 16-16- setae absent in setae absent in …………… …………… . 17-17- Coelom is Coelom is ……………….. ……………….. SpaceSpace . 18-18- Not all organ systems are Not all organ systems are ……………..…………….. . 19-19- Illustrate the nervous system with drawing ? 20-20- leeches have an …....... brain of leeches have an …....... brain of ……………… pairs of fused pairs of fused
ganglia and a ganglia and a …… …… brainbrain ofof …… …… pairs of fused ganglia pairs of fused ganglia . 21-21- What are the sensory organs of Annelida ? 22- 22- Circulatory System in Annelida is Circulatory System in Annelida is ………………………… . 23-23- ventral and dorsal blood vessels surrounding ventral and dorsal blood vessels surrounding
……….……….. for circulatingfor circulating …………………… . 24-24- Blood contains Blood contains
……………………………………………………………………..including hemoglobinincluding hemoglobin . 25-25- Blood with hemoglobin as O2-carrying Blood with hemoglobin as O2-carrying ……….……….. .
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QuizQuiz 26-26- Gas exchange by simple Gas exchange by simple …………… …………… . 27- 27- …………….……………. in some polychaetes in some polychaetes . 28- 28- parapodia in polychaetes act parapodia in polychaetes act asas ……………. ……………. . 29-29- ………………………………………………seen in arthropods seen in arthropods . 30-30- A meobocytes found in A meobocytes found in ……………………………… . 31-31- A meobocytes act as A meobocytes act as ……………. ……………. SystemSystem . 32-32- ……………………………… digestive system with mouth and anus, not digestive system with mouth and anus, not
………………………… arranged arranged . 33-33- well muscularized pharynx well muscularized pharynx inin …………… ……………. . 34-34- Crop for Crop for ………………, Gizzard for Gizzard for …….……. and Typhlosole with and Typhlosole with
increase surface area forincrease surface area for ……………….………………. in oligochaetesin oligochaetes 35-35- In oligochaetes what is the function of calciferous glands ? 36-36- leeches are leeches are ……………………. 37-37- Terrestrial leeches feed on Terrestrial leeches feed on …………….. , ………………….. …………….. , …………………..
andand ……………..…………….. .
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ASASRespiratory Respiratory
System System
38-38- Aquatic annelids secrete Aquatic annelids secrete …………..………….. . 39-39- Write short notes on excretory system ?excretory system ? 40-40- Type of sex in oligochaetes Type of sex in oligochaetes ………….. ………….. 41-41- Type of sex in polychaetes Type of sex in polychaetes ……….. ……….. with external fertilization and with external fertilization and
formation of a formation of a ………….………….. larva . larva . 42-42- Annelids are Annelids are ……………………………… with cross fertilization with cross fertilization . 43-43- …………….…………….. is a special region at the anterior end of the worm .. is a special region at the anterior end of the worm . 44-44- What is the function of clitellumclitellum ? 45-45- …………………….……………………. is typical larval stage is typical larval stage 46-46- What are the major classes in Annelids? 47-47- Write short notes on the three major classes in Annelids (what are
you know about them ) ? 48-48- What the meaning of monoecious , dioecious monoecious , dioecious ? 49-49- In polychaetes In polychaetes …………………………………………. used in locomotion with many . used in locomotion with many
large number oflarge number of ……………………… ………………………setaesetae 50-50- Write five characters of polychaetes ?
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QuizQuiz
51-51- What do you mean when you say ProstomiumProstomium and what the function ? 52-52- Write short notes on habitat of polychaetes ? 53-53- What are the components of nervous system in polychaetes and can
you illustrate how the syrians of nervous is flow ? 54-54- Draw the nervous system ? 55-55- …………..………….. is located just below the prostomium, but in front of the is located just below the prostomium, but in front of the
modified segments – peristomium .modified segments – peristomium . 56-56- ………….…………. is surrounded by digestive glands is surrounded by digestive glands . 57- 57- ………………………………is equipped with pincer-like jaws is equipped with pincer-like jaws 58-58- …………………………………… is straight , finally opens with anus in the anal segment is straight , finally opens with anus in the anal segment 59-59- In polychaetes can you illustrate the way which any particles tack it to
arrange to anus ? ( with draw and the type of this particle ) 6060- - Muscular pharynx exist in Muscular pharynx exist in ……………..…………….. and can be everted through the and can be everted through the
…………………………………… . 61-61- Draw the circulatory system in polychaetes and illustrate each function
of vessels ?
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QuizQuiz
62-62- Every segment contains a pair ofEvery segment contains a pair of…………………….except the .except the peristomium and the anal segment peristomium and the anal segment .
63-63- Each nephridium opens into the coelomic cavity by means of Each nephridium opens into the coelomic cavity by means of ………………..………………..
64-64- Each nephridium passes posteriorly through the Each nephridium passes posteriorly through the ……….………. into the into the following segment. Where it forms following segment. Where it forms ……………….……………….
65-65- Reproduction tack place in Reproduction tack place in ……………….………………. 66- 66- Give notes about epitoky and the function of it ?
Can you give another example Can you give another example of polychaetes with it systems? of polychaetes with it systems?
(search)(search)61
QuizQuiz
What do you benefit in this lecture ?What do you benefit in this lecture ?
(write in short point and we (write in short point and we
will see it in the next lecture ) will see it in the next lecture )
Prepare the next lecture pleasePrepare the next lecture please
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QuizQuiz