1 Agency Administration How are police departments organized?

1

Agency AdministrationAgency Administration

How are police departments organized?

How are police departments organized? 2

Mission in a Democratic SocietyMission in a Democratic Society

1. Enforce and support the laws

2. Investigate crimes/apprehend offenders

3. Prevent crime

4. Ensure domestic peace and tranquility

5. Provide the community with

enforcement–related services

3

Organizing the Department


Managerial ConceptsManagerial Concepts


Managerial ConceptsManagerial Concepts

• Division of Labor – similar functions assigned to same group

• Chain of Command – line of authority• Span of Control - # of subordinates

– Ideal is 1:6-10

• Delegation of Responsibility & Authority• Unity of Command – one supervisor per

person• Rules Regulations & Discipline

5



Organizing by Function or Purpose


Core Operational StrategiesCore Operational Strategies

1. Preventive patrol

2. Routine incident response – minor traffic, order, reports

3. Emergency response

4. Criminal investigation

5. Problem solving

6. Support services – dispatch, training, records, property control


Department OrganizationDepartment OrganizationChief

ChaplinAssistant

Chief

TrainingCommunity

RelationsAdministration

AssistantChief

Polygraph Patrol CID

Drug Unit

Records

SupportServices

Supply

Analysis

Juvenile

Investigation

Traffic

Section A

Section B

Day Watch

Night Watch

SRO

Day Watch

Night Watch

8



Organizing by Personnel

Organizing by Personnel


Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel

• Civil Service System – method of hiring and managing government employees– Designed to eliminate political

influence, nepotism, bias

– 1883 Pendleton Act – federal jobs

– 95% of all gov’t employees covered

– Difficult to fire employees


Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel• Quasi-Military organization

– Strict lines of authority– Uniforms– Rank– Weapons– Authorized by law to use force– Different:

• warriors vs. community figures• police limited by state & con law


Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel• Sworn vs. non-sworn (Civilian)

– Sworn: peace officers• Under oath to uphold laws and

constitution• Power to arrest under probable cause

– Citizens arrest requires violation to happen in arrestors presence

– Civilian: operators, dispatchers, payroll, technical jobs, lab workers


Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel• Rank Structure:

– Peace Officer – patrol officer– Corporal – promotion, FTO– Sergeant – 1st supervisor, makes field

decisions• Over squad (6-10 officers)• One per zone or per shift (size a factor)

– Lieutenant – over all operations at time of shift, usually over platoon


Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel• Rank Structure:

– Detective – has own rank structure but usually has rank over others at crime scene

– Captain – over area of administration

– Assistant Chief – in some depts.

– Chief – Head of dept.• Usually appointed by mayor or selected

by commissioners


RankRankChief

Assistant ChiefOr Captain



Lieutenant

Sergeant

Corporal

Officer

Officer

Officer

Rookie


Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel• Civilianization – process of of

removing sworn officers from tasks and replacing them with civilians– Reduce costs– 25% of staff– Most jobs seen as punishment by

officers– Parking tickets, past crime reports,

some investigative functions (CSI)


Organizing by PersonnelOrganizing by Personnel• Police Reserves/Auxiliaries

– Part time - “summertime cops”– Sometimes not paid– Non-regular but sworn officer– Regular police powers

• Some volunteers do not - retirees

– A way to keep powers when no longer in regular position

17



Organizing by AreaOrganizing by Area


Organizing by AreaOrganizing by Area

• Beats/Posts – smallest – Foot, patrol units

• Sectors/Zones – group of beats

• Precincts – grouping of Zones– Mostly larger departments

– Station House – one per precinct• Has jail, locker room, offices• Booking desk

19



Organizing by Time


Organizing by TimeOrganizing by Time

• Three Tour System – three 8 hour shifts–Morning watch – 12-8am

–Day watch – 8-4pm

–Evening watch – 4-12am

–Numerous variations – 12 hour shifts


Organizing by TimeOrganizing by Time• Holidays are not assigned, it depends

on the day assigned– Assigned, transfer available by seniority

• Rotating tours – day – evening – morning

• Fixed/Steady tours – stay same• Traditionally – cops were assigned in

even #s– today many are assigned by need

22



Wrap Up


Organizing the DepartmentOrganizing the Department

• All are methods are used to organize department

• Every department is different

24

Post 9/11Post 9/11

Challenge & ChangeChallenge & Change


New Age of Policing Post 9/11New Age of Policing Post 9/11

• Traditionally terrorism and intelligence was a federal responsibility

• Terrorism response is now a local expectation – Why do you think local is better?

• Intelligence gathering is also a local priority– Terrorism is also FBI #1 priority


New Age of Policing Post 9/11New Age of Policing Post 9/11

• Community Policing is also a part of the response – education, networks

• Task forces and “boundaryless” policing seeks to streamline intelligence


Terrorist GoalsTerrorist Goals

• Mass causalities

• Loss of critical resources

• Disruption of vital services

• Disruption of the economy

• Individual and mass panic


Terrorist WeaponsTerrorist Weapons

• Biological

• Nuclear

• Incendiary

• Chemical

• Explosive


Biological WeaponsBiological Weapons

• Targets: People, animals, crops

• Routes of exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, absorption

Agents:

• May take days or weeks to be confirmed.

• May spread far beyond initial contamination point.

• Considered high risk.


Nuclear WeaponsNuclear Weapons

• Much different than conventional weapons:– Many casualties

– Very large area affected

– Long-term health effects

• Considered relatively low risk


Radiation Dispersal DevicesRadiation Dispersal Devices

• Conventional explosive with radioactive element

• Radiological materials readily available

• Considered moderate to high risk


Incendiary DevicesIncendiary Devices

• Used to initiate combustion

• Easy to make

• Easy to use

• Considered high risk/low impact


Chemical AgentsChemical Agents

• Components readily available

• Onset of symptoms from immediate to 18 hours

• Considered moderate risk


Conventional ExplosivesConventional Explosives

• Terrorists “weapons of choice”

• Can be:– Military munitions

– Improvised explosive devices

• Considered high risk


What Is the Risk?What Is the Risk?


B-NICE IndicatorsB-NICE Indicators

Environmental indicators:

• Sick or dead animals, fish, or birds

• Unscheduled spraying

• Vapor clouds or mists

• Absence of crops, wildlife, or insects


B-NICE IndicatorsB-NICE Indicators

Physical indicators:

• Many casualties without signs of obvious trauma

• Victims who are exhibiting similar symptoms

• Large numbers seeking medical attention


Establishing ZonesEstablishing Zones

“Cold Zone”Safe Area

“Warm Zone”Evacuation & Decontamination Area

“Hot Zone”

Incident

Contaminated Area

Wind Direction

39

Agency AdministrationAgency Administration

How are police departments organized?

40

Dirty WarDirty War

Now What?


Dirty War AssignmentDirty War Assignment

• You are on the Mayors Crisis Team

• You have 30 minutes to come up with a plan to respond to the situation in the movie

• Write a summary of suggestions

• Anticipate where your major problems are going to be!

Documents

1 Agency Administration How are police departments organized?