1 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 1 Training Birdie Stefan Rudat

1

06/10/2008ATecoM GmbH1

Training BirdieTraining Birdie

Stefan Rudat

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AgendaAgenda

<Overview> – < Front Panel >

<Short flashback Network Protocols >– < Ethernet Basics >– < IP Header >– < VLAN >– < IGMP >– < RTP >

<MPEG - TS over IP>– < Forward Error Correction 1D / 2D >– < FEC Overhead >

<Birdie license Model >

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AgendaAgenda

<hands on>

– < Setup Ethernet IP >– < Setup ASI Output session >– < Setup ASI Input session >

< Web GUI>

< OPSH >

< Troubleshooting>

no slides live introduction

no slides live introduction

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Overview Overview

Bi-directional DVB-AS to IP Converter Signal chain

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Birdie front panel Birdie front panel

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Ethernet BasicsEthernet Basics

00:50:66:00:20:6CDestination MAC

Adress

00:00:D1:EE:D2:65Source MAC Adress

IP,ARP, etcPayload

00 31 20 3ACRC Checksum

7 Byte AA preamble/

SFD

MAC Header 14 Byte Data

( 46 -1500 byte )

08 00Ethernet Type

4 byte

Ethernet Type II Frame ( 64 to 1518 bytes

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06/10/2008ATecoM GmbH

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IP HeaderIP HeaderType of Service & Time to LiveType of Service & Time to Live


Adress


IP,ARP, etcPayload


7 Byte AA preamble/

SFD

08 00Ethernet Type

VlAN-TAG4 Byte

IP20 byte

UDP8 byte

RTP12 byte

Payload

4IHLHLl

ToS 16 Bit total Lenght16 Bit Identification

32 Bit source IP address32 Bit destination IP address

flags 13 Bit fragmet offset

TTL protocol 16 Bit header crc

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IP HeaderIP HeaderType of Service & Time to LiveType of Service & Time to Live

4 IHLHLl ToS 16 Bit total Lenght

16 Bit Identification

32 Bit source IP address

32 Bit destination IP address

flags 13 Bit fragmet offset

TTL protocol 16 Bit header crc

* Version (always set to the value 4 in the current version of IP)

* IP Header Length (number of 32 -bit words forming the header, usually five)* Type of Service (ToS)* Size of Datagram (in bytes, this is the combined length of the header and the data)* Identification ( 16-bit number which together with the source address uniquely identifies this packet - used during reassembly of fragmented datagrams)* Flags (a sequence of three flags (one of the 4 bits is unused) used to control whether routers are allowed to fragment a packet (i.e. the Don't Fragment, DF, flag), and to indicate the parts of a packet to the receiver)* Fragmentation Offset

* Time To Live (Number of hops /links which the packet may be routed over, decremented by most routers - used to prevent accidental routing loops)* Protocol (Service Access Point (SAP) indicates the type of transport (e.g. 1 = ICMP; 2= IGMP; 6 = TCP; 17= UDP).* Header Checksum (A 1's complement checksum inserted by the sender and updated whenever the packet header is modified by a router Used to detect processing errors introduced into* Source Address (the IP address of the original sender of the packet)* Destination Address (the IP address of the final destination of the packet)

000 (0) - Routine 001 (1) - Priority 010 (2) - Immediate 011 (3) - Flash 100 (4) - Flash Override 101 (5) - Critical 110 (6) - Internetwork Control 111 (7) - Network Control

Now the TOS bits themselves:

Delay - when set to '1' the packet requests low delay. Throughout - when set to '1' the packet requests high throughput. Reliability - when set to '1' the packet requests high reliability. Cost - when set to '1' the packet has a low cost. MBZ - checking bit.


Type of Service Type of Service 1 BitDelay

1BitThroughput

1 BitMBZ

3 BitPrecedence

1 BitCost

1 BitReliability

Precedence - The following table details the precedence bits and their possible values:

Support for ToS in routers may become a must in the future, but for now it’s only a ‘should’.

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Virtual Local Area NetworkVirtual Local Area NetworkVLAN VLAN


Adress


IP,ARP, etcPayload


7 Byte AA preamble/

SFD

08 00Ethernet Type

VlAN-TAG4 Byte

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Tag Protocol Identifier

Canonical Format Indicator

( bit order )



VlAN-TAG4 Byte

TIP2 byte

Priority3 Bit

User Priority

CFI1 Bit

VID 12 Bit

VLAN IdentifierID 0 and 4095 reserved4096 different VLANs

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VLAN ID 100 VLAN ID 200

VLAN ID 100 VLAN ID 100 VLAN ID 100 VLAN ID 200 VLAN ID 200 VLAN ID 200

No Broadcast and Multicast traffic between different VLANs

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Internet Group Management Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)Protocol (IGMP)

VLAN VLAN Multicast

source

Router

RouterRouter

Router Router Router Router

IGMPv1host

IGMP Version 1IGMPv1 (IETF RFC 1122) supports two types of protocol messages: membership query and membership report messages. An IGMPv1 host sends a report when it joins a multicast group. An IGMPv1 router queries periodically using query messages to determine the active members of a group. Whenever a host receives a query message, it responds with report messages (one report per group) for all its associated multicast groups.

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RTPRTPReal-Time Transport ProtocolReal-Time Transport Protocol

Ethernet

IP

TCP UDP

RTP RTCP

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Adress


IP,ARP, etcPayload


7 Byte AA preamble/

SFD

08 00Ethernet Type

VlAN-TAG4 Byte

IP20 byte

UDP8 byte

RTP12 byte

Payload

Ver P X MCC PT Sequence NumberTimestamp

SSRC identifier CSRC identifiers

Extension header (optional).

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Ver P X MCC PT Sequence NumberTimestamp

SSRC identifier CSRC identifiers

Extension header (optional). Ver. : (2 bits) Indicates the version of the protocol. Current version is 2.P : (1 bit) Used to indicate if there are extra padding bytes at the end of the RTP packet.X (1 bit) Indicates if the extensions to the protocol are being used in the packet.CC (4 bits) Contains the number of CSRC identifiers that follow the fixed header.M (1 bit) Used at the application level and is defined by a profile. If it is set, it means that the current data has some special relevance for the application.PT (7 bits) Indicates the format of the payload and determines its interpretation by the application. SSRC Indicates the synchronization source.CSRC Contributing source ID.Extension Indicates the length of the extension (EHL=extension header length) in 32bit units,header excluding the 32bits of the extension header.

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RTP does not address resource reservation

does not guarantee quality-of-service for real time services


RTPRTP

used for the transport of real-time data, including audio and video

includes:

•timing reconsruction

•loss detection

•security and content identification

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MPEG-TS over IPMPEG-TS over IP

Ethernet Header Payload 00 31 20 3A

CRC Checksum

7 Byte AA preamble/

SFD

Data ( 46 -1500 byte )

IP /UDP/RTPHeader

MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) is 1500 byte

MPEG 2188 Byte

MPEG 2188 Byte

MPEG 2188 Byte

MPEG 2188 Byte

MPEG 2188 Byte

MPEG 2188 Byte

MPEG 2188 Byte

Note: Packet must be transmitted without fragmentation ! Seven MPEG 2 packets in one Ethernet Frame optimize the protocoloverhead and is more cost efficient than transporting one MPEG 2 packet per Frame.

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Overview FrameOverview Frame

Ethernet header UDP

headerMPEG TS Payload Ethernet CRC

188 Byte

RTPheader

188 Byte 188 Byte

12 Byte8 Byte

IPheader

20 Byte 4 Byte14 Byte

* Jumbo frames with larger MTU exist, but IP fragmentation is not allowed

* IEEE802.3 Ethernet MTU 1500 Byte -> 7 TS Packets

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Forward Error CorrectionForward Error CorrectionFEC 1DFEC 1D

TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6

TS 7 TS 8 TS 9 TS 10 TS 11 TS 13

TS 15 TS 16 TS 17 TS 18 TS 19 TS 20

TS 22 TS 23 TS 24 TS 25 TS 26 TS 27

TS 6

TS 14

TS 21

TS 28

FEC 1 FEC 2 FEC 3 FEC 4 FEC 5 FEC 6 FEC 7

D rows

L Columns

TS stream

TS stream

FEC Stream

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Example of correctionExample of correction


TS 8 TS 9 TS 10 TS 11 TS 12

TS 24 TS 15 TS 16 TS 17 TS 18 TS 19

TS 21 TS 22 TS 23 TS 24 TS 25 TS 26

TS 6

TS 23

TS 20

TS 27

FEC 1 FEC 4 FEC 5 FEC 7

TS 7

FEC 3 FEC 6FEC 2

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Example of CorrectionExample of Correctionlimitationlimitation


TS 13

TS 9 TS 10 TS 11TS 8

TS 15 TS 16 TS 17 TS 18 TS 19

TS 21 TS 22 TS 24TS 23 TS 25 TS 26

TS 6

TS 13

TS 20

TS 27

FEC 4 FEC 5 FEC 6

TS 7??

FEC 1 FEC 2 FEC 3 FEC 7

TS 12

?

?

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Forward Error CorrectionForward Error CorrectionFEC 2DFEC 2D


TS 7 TS 8 TS 9 TS 10 TS 11 TS 13

TS 15 TS 16 TS 17 TS 18 TS 19 TS 20

TS 22 TS 23 TS 24 TS 25 TS 26 TS 27

TS 6

TS 14

TS 21

TS 28

FEC L1 FEC L2 FEC L3 FEC L4 FEC L5 FEC L6 FEC L7

D rows

L Columns

TS stream

TS stream

FEC Stream

FEC D1

FEC D2

FEC D3

FEC D4

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Example of correctionExample of correction


TS 7 TS 8 TS 9 TS 10 TS 11 TS 13

TS 15 TS 16 TS 17 TS 18 TS 19 TS 20

TS 22 TS 23 TS 24 TS 25 TS 26 TS 27

TS 6

TS 14

TS 21

TS 28

FEC L1 FEC L2 FEC L3 FEC L4 FEC L5 FEC L6 FEC L7

FEC D1

FEC D2

FEC D3

FEC D4

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Data stream TS and FECData stream TS and FEC

Media

IPUDP

RTP

MPEG-TS packets

IP UDP RTP Column FEC packets

IP UDP RTP Row FEC packets

UDP Port n

UDP Port n +2

UDP Port n +4

Same destination IP address unicast or multicast

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Data stream TS and FECData stream TS and FEC

IP UDP RTP MPPEG TS

IP UDP RTP Column FEC packets

IP UDP RTP Row FEC packets

The receiving host can use :

MPEG Stream without FEC

MPEG Stream with 1D FEC

MEPG Stream with 2D FEC

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FEC Transmission overhead FEC Transmission overhead related to pure RTPrelated to pure RTP

Matix (L,D) 1D FEC 2D FEC

4,4 32% 58%

10,20 16% 26%

5,20 20% 32%

20,5 26% 32%

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You pay only forYou pay only for features you need features you need

License available for:

‣ ASI Port Input ( ASI to IP )

‣ ASI Pot Output ( IP to ASI )

‣ COP3 FEC

‣ 1000base T

‣ SFPunique License Key valid for one Unit,

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Demo Setup Demo Setup

gb-0

ASI OUT ASI INBirdie as Test

Pattern Generator

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Hands onHands on Setup Ethernet Interface Setup Ethernet Interface

The serial port operates at 115200Baud, 8N1. The serial port is mainly used for initial configuration

Target:Setup Ethernet IP addressSetup default gatewayEstablish http connection

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Hands onHands on Setup Setup

IP to ASI and IP to ASI IP to ASI and IP to ASI

Target:Setup Gbe-0 IP adressSetup ASI Session for ASI OutputSetup ASI Session for ASI Input

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Target Target

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HTTP Interface HTTP Interface

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OPSH OPSH

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Troubleshooting Troubleshooting

>net showNET INTERFACE:DESCR IF OPER-STATUS ADMIN-STATUS MTU PHYS-ADDR TX-OCT RX-OCT"lo" 1 up up 16436 190412 190412"eth0" 2 up up 1500 00:50:66:00:20:6c 871270 1051075"gbe-0" 3 up up 1500 00:50:66:00:20:6d 98806 2878344372"mt-0" 4 up up 204 1295829668 0"dai-0" 5 up up 204 0 0"mt-1" 7 up up 204 0 1376880792"dao-1" 9 up up 204 0 0NET INTERFACE: ADDR IF MASK 10.2.0.209 eth0 255.255.255.010.10.10.10 gbe-0 255.255.255.0 127.0.0.1 lo 255.0.0.0

•Network Interfaces

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net ethernet showETHERNET CONFIG: NAME AUTONEG PORT SPEED DUPLEX eth0 enabled tp any anygbe-0 enabled fibre any any

•Network Interfaces

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• Video

video showVIDEO INTERFACE INPUT: NAME SESSION ENCAPS COP3-FEC D L MC-TTL TOS MPEG-FEC IF-ID ADMIN-STATUS OPER-STATUS"mt-0" gbe-0 239.0.0.2:1234 rtp fec2d 6 4 7 00 false "" up upVIDEO PORT INPUT: NAME PORT-TYPE PORT-ID ADMIN-STATUS OPER-STATUS"dai-0" input "" up upVIDEO INTERFACE OUTPUT: NAME SESSION ENCAPS MPEG-TYPE CLK-MODE IPTV-RXT IF-ID ADMIN-STATUS OPER-STATUS"mt-1" gbe-0 239.0.0.10:1234 rtp auto adaptive 200 usec "" up upVIDEO PORT OUTPUT: NAME PORT-TYPE FRAME-TYPE KEEP-IDLE-CARRIER PORT-ID ADMIN-STATUS OPER-STATUS"dao-1" output packet false "" up up

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• tcpdump -i <interface> -c <packets> port <n>

# tcpdump -i gbe-0 -c 10 port 1234tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decodelistening on gbe-0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 68 bytes09:11:03.458333 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1234: UDP, length: 132809:11:03.468982 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1234: UDP, length: 132809:11:03.468997 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1238: UDP, length: 134409:11:03.469013 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:11:03.479628 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1234: UDP, length: 132809:11:03.490276 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1234: UDP, length: 132809:11:03.500923 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1234: UDP, length: 132809:11:03.511570 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1234: UDP, length: 132809:11:03.511585 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1238: UDP, length: 134409:11:03.511600 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134410 packets captured

Trace MPEG Stream to port 1234

Use gbe-0.<n> for VLAN e.g tcpdump -i gbe-0.100 -c 10 port 1234

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• tcpdump -i <interface> -c <packets> port <n>

tcpdump -i gbe-0 -c 10 port 1236tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decodelistening on gbe-0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 68 bytes09:15:14.836835 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:14.879428 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:14.922016 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:14.964606 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:15.007199 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:15.049786 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:15.092377 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:15.134970 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:15.177557 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134409:15:15.220147 IP 10.9.9.122.1234 > 239.0.0.10.1236: UDP, length: 134410 packets captured

Trace FEC Stream to port 1236

Documents

1 06/10/2008 ATecoM GmbH 1 Training Birdie Stefan Rudat