0I. Accident Causes and Prevention

7/25/2019 0I. Accident Causes and Prevention

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Accident Causes andAccident Causes and

PreventionPrevention

Safety Control DivisionOccupational Safety and Health Center

Presented by: Engr. John oy A. Elevado Sr. !.E.O." #SSD" DO!E" O$


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Accident #heoryAccident #heory

People

Environ%ent

&aterials

E'uip%ent


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An occurrence or event that is:

unexpected,

unforeseen,unplanned and

unwanted

that may or may not causedamage,injury, fatality,lossorwork stoppage.

AccidentAccident


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Struck against rigid structure, sharp orrough objects

Struck by falling or flying objects, slidingor moving parts

Caught in, on, or between objects

all on same level

all on different levels

!lectrocution

ire

#ypes of Accident#ypes of Accident


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Co%%on easons forCo%%on easons for

AccidentsAccidents"ayman#s version:

$%ras na niya# $&alas niya lang#

$'anga kasi#

$(asama sa trabaho#

)%' *!A" CA+S!S %)"- !.C+S!S/


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Pri%ary Causes ofPri%ary Causes of

AccidentsAccidents

Unsafe ActUnsafe Condition


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'he human action that

departs from a standard or

written job procedure orcommon practice, safety

rules, regulations or

instructions0

(nsafe Act(nsafe Act


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(nsafe Condition(nsafe Condition

'he physical or chemicalproperty of a material,

machine or the environmentwhich could result in injuryto a person, damage ordestruction to property or

other forms of losses0


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Last line of defense

Engineering Control :

!limination1&inimi2ation

3solation1!nclosure of the 4a2ard

Personal Protective Euipment

Administrative Control :

Safe work practices, Signs and signage, 'raining and

education, 'ool box meeting

Syste%s to ControlSyste%s to Control

(nsafe Acts)(nsafe Conditions(nsafe Acts)(nsafe Conditions


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Personal ProtectiveE'uip%ent

Personal protective equipment are variety ofdevices and garments designed to serve asbarriers between workers and workplace

hazards.


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Head Ha*ards + EffectsHead Ha*ards + Effects

Impact from falling objects

Bump against rigid

stationary objects

Penetration by sharp objects

ontact with live electrical

conductors

!ire hazards

Perforation"fracture

of the skull

#lectrical shock

Burns

$%&%'() #!!#*)


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Head ProtectionHead Protection

Hard Hat orSafety Hel%et

% rigid device that isworn to provideprotection for thehead and which is

held in place by asuitable suspension.


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Parts of a Hard HatParts of a Hard Hat

+. *he suspension system includes the headbandand straps on the inside of the hat. *his systemabsorbs and distributes the force of impact.

,. *he hard outer shell protects the head from sharpobjects- such as falling tool. It also absorbs part

of the force of impact- since it is somewhatfleible.

/. *he chin strap securesthe hard hat to the

wearer0s head.

1. *he brim redirects thedirection of the fallingobject.


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Care and &aintenanceCare and &aintenance

2ash with mild soap and water.


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+. 3arge flying particles and fragments fromoperations such as chiseling- coarse grinding-hammering- metal working and riveting.

,. (ust- fumes- mists- and small particles fromwoodworking- light grinding- sanding- metalworking- spot welding- scaling- and paint spraying.

/. 4apors and liquids from solvents and paints.

1. Intense heat and radiation from furnace tending-electric welding- and oyacetylene welding andcutting.

Occupational Eye andOccupational Eye and

,ace Ha*ards,ace Ha*ards


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E,,EC#S

+. Permanent loss of vision

,. *emporary loss of vision

/. Inflamed eyes

1. )kin Burns

5. 3acerations6. !ractures

7. Broken *eeth

Effects of OccupationalEffects of Occupational

Eye and ,ace Ha*ardsEye and ,ace Ha*ards


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Protective eye andface equipment shall

be required wherethere is a reasonableprobability of injury

that can be preventedby such equipment.

Eye and ,ace ProtectionEye and ,ace Protection


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)afety )pectacles or 8lassesare primary protective devices intended to

shield the wearer0s eyes from flying and strikingobjects- glare and injurious radiation hazards.

)ideshieldis an integral device or an accessoryattached to spectacles that provides side eposureprotection to the eye.


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8oggles are primary protective devicesintended to fit the face immediately surrounding

the eyes.

9nlike safety glasses- goggles provide a secureshield around the entire eye area.


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!ace )hieldis a protective deviceintended to shield the wearer0s face- or portionsthereof from striking objects or chemical- heatand glare hazards.


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-hen Should ou -ear a-hen Should ou -ear a

Hearing Protection Device/Hearing Protection Device/

:ou should wear a hearing protectiondevice whenever you are eposed tonoise that is ;< decibels or greaterfor an =>hour period of time.

% hearing protection deviceisanything that can be worn to reducethe level of sound entering the ear.


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A&0S !E12#H (!EA&0S !E12#H (!E

334f t5o people 65ith no hearing4f t5o people 65ith no hearing

i%pair%ent7 have to raise theiri%pair%ent7 have to raise theirvoices or shout to be heard in avoices or shout to be heard in a

distance of less than an ar%0sdistance of less than an ar%0s

length fro% each other" thelength fro% each other" the

sound level is potentiallysound level is potentiallyha*ardous.8ha*ardous.8


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#ypes of Hearing Protectors#ypes of Hearing Protectors

Earplugs $earing protectors placed inside the ear toblock out noise. *o work effectively- theyshould fit snugly into the ear canal.


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#ypes of Hearing Protectors#ypes of Hearing Protectors

Earmuffs % device composed of a headband with twocushioned ear cups that form a seal around theouter ear- covering it completely and blocking

out the noise.


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ESP4A#O HA9ADSESP4A#O HA9ADS

Acids)&istsAcids)&ists

Solvents)aporsSolvents)apors

2ases ) S%o;e2ases ) S%o;e

Dusts)ParticulatesDusts)Particulates

Heavy &etals),u%esHeavy &etals),u%es


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ESP4A#O PO#EC#4O1ESP4A#O PO#EC#4O1

!iltration respiratorhemical respirator

%ir>supplying respirator


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,4!#A#4O1ESP4A#OS or

&echanical espiratorsscreen out dust and someform of mist. )uch filtersneed to be replaced at

frequent intervals.CHE&4CA! CA#4D2EDE4CES removecontaminants by passing the

tainted air through materialthat traps the harmfulportions. *here are specificcartridges for specific

contaminants.


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A4


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+. *emperature etremes,. hemical eposures and splashes

/. )harp objects1. !ire5. %brasive materials6. 3ive #lectrical onductors

Hand and Ar% Ha*ardsHand and Ar% Ha*ards


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Co%%on Hand + Ar% 4n=uryCo%%on Hand + Ar% 4n=ury

Burns Bruises

%brasions uts Punctures !ractures %mputations


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Different ;inds of glovesDifferent ;inds of gloves

&etal %eshgloves resist

sharp edgesand preventcuts

!eather glovesshield your

hands fro%rough surfacesand heat

inyl +neoprene

gloves protectyour handsagainst to>icche%icals


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ubber gloves

protect you5hen 5or;ingaroundelectricity.

-elder0s

gloves protectyour handsfro% heat andfla%es

Different ;inds of glovesDifferent ;inds of gloves


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!ate> disposablegloves are used toprotect your handsfro% ger%s andbacteria

!ead


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,oot Ha*ards,oot Ha*ards

,alling or rolling ob=ectsSharp ob=ects !ive Electrical conductorsHot surfaces-et" slippery surfaces


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Co%%on ,oot and !eg 4n=uryCo%%on ,oot and !eg 4n=ury

!racturesPuncturesBurnsuts%mputations

#lectrocution


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,OO# PO#EC#4O1,OO# PO#EC#4O1

Safety Shoes

Toe capfootwear protectsyour toes frombeing crushed by

falling objects. Mid-sole steelplateprotects the footfrom punctured hazards.


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Safety Shoes and ?oots

ELECTROSTATICDISSIPATINGfootwear conductsstatic electricit to!oors t"at are#rounded$

ELECTRICALRESISTANCEfootwearare insulated wit" tou#"ru%%er to pre&ent s"oc'sand %urns fro( electricit$

!


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,A!! PO#EC#4O1

E@(4P&E1#

!all 'estraint )ystem

!all %rrest )ystem


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,all estraint Syste%,all estraint Syste%

*ravel 'estriction )ystem

> is an assembly

composed of body beltand proper accessoriesthat prevent a workerfrom traveling to an

edge from where he orshe may fall like leadingedges or roof.


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,all Arrest Syste%,all Arrest Syste%

!all arrest system are designed tominimize stress forces on an

employeeAs body in the event of a fall-while providing sufficient freedom ofmovement to allow work to beperformed.


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omponents of a personal fallomponents of a personal fall

arrest systemarrest system

ope)!anya

rd


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It consists of strapspassed over theshoulders, across thechest, and around the

legs. In a fall, a fullbody harness protectsyou more than a

safety belt, because itdistributes the force ofimpact over a greaterarea of your body.

,ull


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esistance of e%ployeesesistance of e%ployees

to PPEto PPE

(iscomfort

Inaccurate risk perception

3ack of education and training


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!4&4#A#4O1S O, PPE!4&4#A#4O1S O, PPE

+. *he hazard still eists.

,. % defective PP# offers no protection

/. *he PP# may introduce additionalhazard.

1. ost PP# are not for continuous use.

5. Improper wearing may not givemaimum protection.

6. It may transfer hazard to anotherlocation.


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S(&&A

For any PPE to be effective

It must be selected based on use

Employees must be trained on itsuse

It must be used and worn

It must be maintained.


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#ool ?o> &eeting 6#?&7#ool ?o> &eeting 6#?&7

a 10-15 minute on-the-ob safety and health

awareness meetin! focusin! usually on the

current activities of the !roup to "eep

everybody informed and alert on wor"-related

accidents and illnesses and their causes.


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?enefits of a #?&?enefits of a #?&

It addresses actual safety and healthconcerns on the job or in the site

It provides good opportunity for

supervisors to know the mental andphysical conditions of workers

It also provides good opportunity formanagement to communicate itscommitment to safety


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?enefits of a #?&?enefits of a #?&

It contributes to the training andeducation of workers

It prevents the recurrence ofprevious accidents It is a proven technique in inculcatingsafe work habit


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ScheduleSchedule

2henC #veryday before the start of work

2hereC Preferably at the specific site of the activity

2hoC

%ll workers in the site must attend their specific *B


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-ho conducts the #?&/-ho conducts the #?&/

9sually the supervisor-foreman or leadman ?theproject manager- safety officer-

nurse may serve as guests@


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e%e%bere%e%ber

+. It is very important for thoseconducting the meetings to solicitinput from those in attendance.

,. omments from workers inattendance should be taken seriously.

If they are- workers will be morelikely to offer their suggestion at allsafety meetings.


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Su%%arySu%%ary

*ool bo meeting is for safety andhealth concerns of the group

'eminders on hazards in the current

activity )tatement of safety precautions )hould be presided by the foreman-

leadman- supervisor )olicit comments and inputs from

workers

Documents

0I. Accident Causes and Prevention