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olitical amporiom

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elations (Princeton N

ew JerseyP

rinceton University P

ress 1987) p 364

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K

eohane After H

elJmony C

ooperation an

d D

iscord in the World P

olitical Econom

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ew Jersey P

rinceton University

Press 1984)

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e U S and Jap

an

( Stanford C

alif Stanford U

niversity Press 1984 ) p

124 tS

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kimoto D

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o SUgano and F

ranklin B W

einstein Com

jrtitiue Edl1 T

he Semiconductor Industry in

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an

d Ja[XJn (S

tanford C

alif Stanford U

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f Global

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ilpin The P

olitical amporiom

y of International R

elations (Princeton N

ew JerseyP

rinceton University P

ress 1987) p 364

Robert O

K

eohane After H

elJmony C

ooperation an

d D

iscord in the World P

olitical Econom

y (Princeton N

ew Jersey P

rinceton University

Press 1984)

Gilpin op cit p372

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oto Dan

iell Takuo S

ugano and Fran

klin

B W

einstein Com

petitive Edge T

he Sem

imiddot conductor Industry in th

e U S and Jap

an

( Stanford C

alif Stanford U

niversity Press 1984 ) p

124 tS

O

kimoto D

aniel I Talm

o SUgano and F

ranklin B W

einstein Com

jrtitiue Edl1 T

he Semiconductor Industry in

the U S

an

d Ja[XJn (S

tanford C

alif Stanford U

niversity Press 1984) pp 9

9-1

00

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r TEXAS INSTRUMENTS 2700 44

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NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR 1700 27 r~ 7

~ ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES 1100 18 r f

=iF a SGS-THOMSON t

1090 1080

18 18

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tt 21~ 43670 700

_411 Dataquest

~~~~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~~

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artl The 1991 U

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emiconductor A

greement W

ill the New

Approach Y

ield Old R

esults in Minnesota Journal o

f Global

Trade Fall 1992 p

117 Joh

n C

K

ingery The U

S -Ja

pan

Sem

iconductor Arrangem

ent and the GA

TT

Operating in a L

egal Vacuum

Stanford Journal of International L

aw V

ol 25 No2 F

all 1988 pp 474 78

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Robert G

ilpin The P

olitical amporiom

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elations (Princeton N

ew JerseyP

rinceton University P

ress 1987) p 364

Robert O

K

eohane After H

elJmony C

ooperation an

d D

iscord in the World P

olitical Econom

y (Princeton N

ew Jersey P

rinceton University

Press 1984)

Gilpin op cit p372

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imothy J B

artl The 1991 U

S -Jap~n S

emiconductor A

greement W

ill the New

Approach Y

ield Old R

esults in Minnesota Journal o

f Global

Trade Fall 1992 p

117 Joh

n C

K

ingery The U

S -Ja

pan

Sem

iconductor Arrangem

ent and the GA

TT

Operating in a L

egal Vacuum

Stanford Journal of International L

aw V

ol 25 No2 F

all 1988 pp 474 78

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sect 2411

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ilpin The P

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y of International R

elations (Princeton N

ew JerseyP

rinceton University P

ress 1987) p 364

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K

eohane After H

elJmony C

ooperation an

d D

iscord in the World P

olitical Econom

y (Princeton N

ew Jersey P

rinceton University

Press 1984)

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artl The 1991 U

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ill the New

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ield Old R

esults in Minnesota Journal o

f Global

Trade Fall 1992 p

117 Joh

n C

K

ingery The U

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aw V

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Robert G

ilpin The P

olitical amporiom

y of International R

elations (Princeton N

ew JerseyP

rinceton University P

ress 1987) p 364

Robert O

K

eohane After H

elJmony C

ooperation an

d D

iscord in the World P

olitical Econom

y (Princeton N

ew Jersey P

rinceton University

Press 1984)

Gilpin op cit p372

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T D

oc L6309 (M

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W

~

Robert G

ilpin The P

olitical amporiom

y of International R

elations (Princeton N

ew JerseyP

rinceton University P

ress 1987) p 364

Robert O

K

eohane After H

elJmony C

ooperation an

d D

iscord in the World P

olitical Econom

y (Princeton N

ew Jersey P

rinceton University

Press 1984)

Gilpin op cit p372

$IIIttflf--III11f1l~A

IT~ir

lt11

~

~

~

Jap7n _ Trade in Sem

iconductors Rep7rt o

f the Panel G

AT

T D

oc L6309 (M

arch 241988) P

ara 117

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Robert G

ilpin The P

olitical amporiom

y of International R

elations (Princeton N

ew JerseyP

rinceton University P

ress 1987) p 364

Robert O

K

eohane After H

elJmony C

ooperation an

d D

iscord in the World P

olitical Econom

y (Princeton N

ew Jersey P

rinceton University

Press 1984)

Gilpin op cit p372

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