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Engineering Challenges
in the Philippines
Beyond 2010: Leadership for the Next Generation
A UP Academic Congress To Challenge our Next Leaders
Rowena Cristina L. Guevara
Malcolm Hall, February 3, 2010
Definition of Terms
Science uncovers new things about the physical world
Technology applies science to meet a need
Engineering is the formal use of both scientific and technological principles to achieve a planned result based upon empirical experience
Synergy of S&T and Engineering
2 Types of Engineers
Dynamic Engineers – capable of high-level
problem solving using scientific
knowledge; can lead innovation
Transactional Engineers – typically
responsible for rote and repetitive tasks in
the workforce; possess engineering
fundamental
The Challenges
• Sustainable Environment
• Energy Security
• Global Competitiveness
Sustainable Mining
• The Philippines is the 2nd most endowed country
after Africa (for every sqm that we dig, 2nd most
amount of valuable metal content)
• Estimated 7B tons of metallic minerals and 51B
tons of non- metallic minerals
• Investment inflow from $840M in 2006 to $1.4B
in 2007, $1B in 2008; it is projected that mining
will be a $13B industry in 2013
Top 10 Megacities
Rank Megacity Country Continent PopulationAnnual
Growth
1 Tokyo Japan Asia 33,800,000 0.60%
2 Seoul South Korea Asia 23,900,000 1.40%
3 Mexico City MexicoNorth
America22,900,000 2.00%
4 Delhi India Asia 22,400,000 4.60%
5 Mumbai India Asia 22,300,000 2.90%
6New York
CityUSA
North
America21,900,000 0.30%
7 São Paulo BrazilSouth
America21,000,000 1.40%
8 Manila Philippines Asia 19,200,000 2.50%
9 Los Angeles USANorth
America18,000,000 1.10%
10 Shanghai China Asia 17,900,000 2.20%
From Wikipedia
Energy Security
• EPIRA
• 2nd highest electricity cost in Asia
• Opportunities in Biofuels & Renewable
Energy
Initiatives: ELI
Barriers & Drivers
Efficient Lighting Initiative – Philippines
Chulalongkorn University (CU); Faculty of Engineering, Center
of Excellence in Electrical Power Technology (CEPT), Bangkok,
Thailand
Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Helsinki, Finland
Lichttechnisches Institut (LTI), University Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe,
Germany
University of the Philippines Diliman: College of Engineering
& National Engineering Centre (NEC), Quezon City, Philippines
Institute of Engineering Physics (IEP), Hanoi University of
Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Efficient Lighting Management Curricula
for ASEAN (ELMCA)Contract No.: TH/Asia-Link/013 (141-236)
11
ITES versus Real IT (from Dr. Paco Sandejas)
Raised $75.4 M Raised $79 M Raised $40.2 M
Mkt Cap: $355 M Mkt Cap: $1.1B Mkt Cap: $130.7 B
Qtr Rev: $26 M Qtr Rev: $57 M Qtr Rev: $2.46 B
• IPO on the same year - 2004
• Tech companies returned
HIGHER VALUE to investors
• Importance of R&D
• SIRF spent: $39 M (2005)
• GOOG spent: $484 M
(2005)
• Tech = risky but more rewards
• More productive too
Est. Oct 1998 Est. Feb 1995 Est. Sep 1998
Annualized Rev/Employee ($ thousands)
$25
$646
$1,730
$- $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000
PSPT
SIRF
GOOG
The Problem: Large gap between UNESCO Benchmarks and Philippine situation
Developing Countries: 3.4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Indonesia
Japan
Korea
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Comparison of RSEs per 10,000 population
(2005, UNESCO Institute for Statistics)
The Problem: Large gap between UNESCO Benchmarks and Philippine situation
UNESCO Benchmark: 1.0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Indonesia
Japan
Korea
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Comparison of Expenditure on R&D as % of GDP
(2005, UNESCO Institute for Statistics)
State of Engineering Education in the Philippines
• 1538 of the 1713 HEIs are privately owned
dependence on tuition shy away from R&D
• 53,487 graduates of engineering each year, only 11,700
pass the government’s licensure exams
• Each time we produce 1 MS graduate, Vietnam produces
6, Thailand produces 25 and Singapore produces 200
• State of education low value-added activities in industry
low economic contribution
A Broken Circle
Technology-based
investors
High-value-added
activities
Economic Growth
Completing the Circle
Technology-based
investors
High-value-added
activities
Economic Growth
Technology-based
investors
High-value-added
activities
Economic Growth
MS & PhD Engineers
Government Intervention
Faculty Scholars
Critical Mass
Engineering R&D for Technology
(ERDT)
We need engineers with advanced
degrees to make S&T work for Filipinos:
from disaster mitigation to poverty
alleviation, from agriculture to
semiconductor industries; ensure a
sustainable environment and affordable
energy for the future; produce indigenous
technologies to better our lives
ERDT Consortium
University of the Philippines Diliman
De La Salle University
Mapúa Institute of Technology
Ateneo de Manila University
Mindanao State University Iligan
University of San Carlos
Central Luzon State University
University of the Philippines Los Baños
Objectives of the ERDT
Attainment of a critical mass of MS and PhD graduates (RSE’s) for the academe, government and industry, in support of NSTP and MTDP
Upgrade the graduate academic and R&D programs of HEIs and cultivating a culture of R&D in the Philippines
The ERDT is an
INVESTMENT FOR
GLOBAL
COMPETITIVENESS
Energy
Environment & Infrastructure
Information & Communications Technology
Semiconductor & Electronics
1. R&D Thrusts(Social relevance & Impact to Economy)
Renewable Energy
Development of wind, solar, and hydro systems into technologies appropriate for the country
Bio-Fuels
Align with natural
and global thrusts
for clean viable
energy while
reducing
dependence on
imported petroleum
Energy Demand Side
Management
“Energy not used is a
resource in itself.
Energy that is wasted
should not have been
produced at all.”
Coal Energy
Optimize the value
of our country’s
natural coal
resources by
improving its
properties and
maximizing usage
ENERGY TRACK
DRINK
Drinking
water in every
home
GRASS
Green
affordable
shelter
systems
ITS
Intelligent
transport
system
CLEAN MINE
Clean mining
technologies
TAMER
Tactical
alert maps
of
environmen
tal risks
MARINE
Marine
Technologies
Environment & Infrastructure Track
Environment
•WSN for
Monitoring
•Early Warning
Systems
•Computational
Environmental
Models
Education
•Thin Clients
•Low-cost
Connectivity
•e-Learning &
Usability
Design
•Smart
Classrooms
Health
•Telemedicine
•Medical &
Health
Informatics
•Systems
Biology
Modeling
Logistics &
Business
•Inventory &
Tracking
Systems
•Business
Intelligence
Software
Media
•Multimedia
Appliances &
Apps
•Platforms for
Media
Exchange
Context- Based Systems
Computational Modeling
Data Mining & Warehousing
Heuristic Algorithms
Intelligent Systems
Security Protocols
Web Semantics &
Distributed Systems
Wireless Networks
Biometrics &
Bioelectronics
RFID
Signal & Image
Processing
Sensor Networks
Information & Communications Technology Track
Chip Design
• System-on-Chip
(SoC)
• RF CMOS
• Low power RISC
• Mixed Signal
Design
High-Value
Added
Materials
• Dielectrics
• Nanomaterials
• Biodegradable
polymers
• Metallization
materials
• Functional
materials
• Plasma-
modified
polymers
Failure
Analysis and
Testing
• Mechanical
Failures
• Electrical Failures
• Corrosion
• Wettability/
Adhesion
• Characterization
• Instrumentation
• Test protocols
Manufacturing
• Assembly
• Packaging
• Support
Processes
Electronics
Products
• ASIC and
Interface
Modules
•Embedded
Antenna
•High-speed
PCB
Semiconductor & Electronics Track
2. Effect of Full Implementation of ERDT
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
S1
0
100
200
300
400
500
Year
RSEs
HRD Projection
UP
only
ERDT
UNESCO
Benchmark
Cost per year starting 2011 – P500M
2006 2016
Depts PhD MS BS Total PhD MS BS Total
CE 10 6 1 17 23 6 1 30
ChE 10 4 6 20 18 5 0 23
CS 6 9 5 20 20 20 6 46
EEE 7 19 6 32 23 24 0 47
ES 4 10 6 20 15 10 0 25
GE 3 4 8 15 8 14 0 22
IE 3 8 4 15 14 16 1 31
ME 5 6 3 14 7 11 1 19
MMM 3 5 7 15 14 7 0 21
Total 51 71 46 168 142 113 9 264
% 30% 42% 27% 100% 54% 43% 3% 100%
2006 PhD
MS
BS
2016 PhD
MS
BS
3. Faculty Development of UP COE
Total Cost P632M
4. Infrastructure for R&D
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
2006
2007
2008
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2011
2012
2012
Year
Re
sea
rch
sp
ace
, sq
m
UP EEEI Building UP ICE Building
UP MMME Building
4. Infrastructure for R&D
UP E&E Building
UP ChE Building
UP IE/ME Building
4. Infrastructure for R&D
A Bleak Scenario(The next ten years without ERDT)
• Vietnam and China will overtake the
Philippines in terms of low value-added
activities
• The top export of the country, semiconductor
electronics, and the largest potential of the
country, ICT, will stagnate
• The Philippines will continue to be a
technology consumer
A Promising Scenario(Full implementation of ERDT in the next 10 years)
• High-value added activities will increase and
redound to economic growth
• The country will attract more investments in
knowledge-based industries
• Culture of research will proliferate in local
Universities and indigenous technologies will
sprout
Engineering Research & Development for Technology
(ERDT) Consortium
Status of Scholarships and Research Projects under DOST
Engineering Research and
Development for Technology
(ERDT) Scholars
Enrolled in ERDT
ConsortiumPhD
Abroad
MS
Graduates Total
Degree Program MS Ph.D16 29 403
TOTAL 303 55
Overall Scholarship Target (2008-2011) Percentage CompletedMS 596 305 / 596 = 55.7%PhD 112 55 / 112 = 49.11%
Total Submitted Research Projects Number Amount (Php)
Year 1 146 1,211,799,367.06
Year 2 128 544,841,881.00
Total DOST-Approved Projects
Year 1 21 198,364,328.35
Year 2 (Mar 1 – Nov 31, 2009) 8 41,073,477
Engineering Challenges
in the Philippines
Beyond 2010: Leadership for the Next Generation
A UP Academic Congress To Challenge our Next Leaders
Rowena Cristina L. Guevara
Malcolm Hall, February 3, 2010