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8/4/2019 07-Singapore M7 Final Report_revised_101201
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Singapore
ASEAN Maritime Transport Working Group
PART II
Seeking Improvement Area:Survey and Suggestions
Final Report of Measure No. 7
Identify Required Improvement Areas in ASEAN Network
Port Performance and Capacity, based among others, onRegular Forecasts of Maritime Trade and Requirements
August 2010
Lead Coordinator: Malaysia
Republic of Korea Research Team
Korea Maritime Institute
Kun Il Engineering Corp.
Korea Maritime University
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Contents
7. Singapore
S-1 The Port of Singapore........................................................................................................... ......73
S-1.1 Port characteristics................................................................................................ ..........73
S-1.2 Port Facilities and Operations........................... .............. ..................... ................... .... .... .74
S-1.3 Demand for Development...............................................................................................77
S-1.4 Suggestion for improvement............................................................................................78
S-1.5 Summary...................................................................................................................... ...79
Figures
S-1 The Port of Singapore...........................................................................329
.............................. .... ........329
........................... ................... ........... ..330
Tables
S-1 The Port of Singapore...........................................................................329
.................................................................... .......331
....... ................. ... ..... .331
.........................331
................................. .............. ............. ...333
.................................................... .... .... .333
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7. Singapore
S-1 The Port of Singapore
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SingaporeSingapore
S-1S-1 TheThe PortPort ofofSingaporeSingapore
S-1.1S-1.1 PortPort ccharacteristicsharacteristics
Singapore has been the world's largest port in terms of container volume since 2005.
Transshipment cargos account for about 80% of the total cargo volume handled at the
port, with the remainder being domestic and intermediate goods.
The Port of Singapore is located across Singapore Island in the southern part of the
Malay Peninsula. Johor Port and Tanjung Pelepas Port in Malaysia are its neighboring
ports.
The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) under the Ministry of Transport
(MOT) is in charge of managing the Port of Singapore. Under the management of
MPA, the Port of Singapore Authority Corporation Ltd. (PSA Corp.) is responsible for
the day to day operation of various ports under its charge. PSA operates Tanjung Pagar
Terminal, Keppel Terminal, Brani Terminal, Pasir Panjang Terminal, and Sembawang
Wharves.
The Jurong Port Pte Ltd., under the management of the Ministry of Trade and Industry
(MTI), operates Jurong Port.
As of 2008, the Port of Singapore handled approximately 515 million tons of cargo in
total, of which containers accounted for 308.5 million tons (29.9 million TEU) or 60%.
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Port of Singapore
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S-1.2S-1.2 Port Facilities and OperationsPort Facilities and Operations
A.A. FacilitiesFacilities
The Port of Singapore has five major terminals: Tanjong Pagar, Keppel, Brani, Pasir
Panjang, and Sembawang on a 6 million site, managed by PSA. The site of Jurong
Port is 1.52 million. Status of port facilities per berth is as follows.
Source: Brochure
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SingaporeSingapore
BerthLength
(m)
Water depth
(MLLW)
Maximum Vessel
AlongsideGantry Crane
Container
Terminal
Tanjung Pagar 8 2,300 9.0 - 14.6 150,000 DWT 29
Keppel 14 3,200 9.0 - 15.5 150,000 DWT 42
Brani 9 2,600 15.0 150,000 DWT 32
Pasir Panjang 23 7,900 16.0 150,000 DWT 87
Jurong 5 1,400 12.5 - 15.7 150,000 DWT 14
Sub-total 59 17,400 - 150,000 DWT 204
Multi-
purpose
Terminal
Jurong 21 3,220 12.7 - 15.0 -
Sembawang 4 655 11.4 -
Sub-total 25 3,875 - -
Total 84 21,275 - -
Source: Questionnaire & Brochure
B.B. OperationsOperations
Container volume at the Port of Singapore was about 29.92 million TEU in 2008,
recording an annual average growth rate of 8.83% from 2004 to 2008.
(Unit: TEUs)
Year
Container2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Volume 21,329,000 23,192,000 24,792,000 27,936,000 29,918,000
Among non-container cargo volume, liquid bulk takes the highest share at 80.9%
(167.32 million tons) as of 2008, followed by break bulk / general cargo (27.94 million
tons) and dry bulk (11.67 million tons). Non-container cargo volume is recording an
annual growth rate of 5.05% on average from 2004 to 2008.
(Unit: Tons)
Year
Cargo2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Break Bulk /
General Cargo17,378,000 20,292,000 22,840,000 25,823,000 27,935,000
Dry Bulk 23,208,000 23,176,000 14,081,000 11,316,000 11,672,000
Liquid Bulk 129,328,000 137,826,000 153,030,000 157,382,000 167,319,000
Total 169,914,000 181,294,000 189,951,000 194,521,000 206,926,000
The number of ship calls at the Port of Singapore increased from 130,000 in 2005 to
132,000 in 2008, posting an annual average growth rate of 0.35%.
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C.C. IssuesIssues
Approach channels are very adjacent to the main trunk route, and the Strait of Malacca
has more than 16m of water depth. There will be no problem in accommodating ultraships (12,000 TEU level) or larger in the future.
There are five container terminals at the Port of Singapore, including Tanjung Pagar,
Keppel, Brani, Pasir Panjang, and Jurong.
There is no significant issue in terms of stevedoring function for the following reasons:
Annual handling capacity of container terminals stands at 33 million TEU, compared
with 29.9 million TEU in 2008; terminals possess various types of stevedoring
equipment including 204 gantry cranes; construction is underway to add more berths.
Moreover, considering that some cranes are super post-panamax gantry cranes,
terminals will be able to accommodate ultra-sized ships that may call at the port in the
future.
Pasir Panjang Terminal sits on a site expanding 338,000 and has 138,000 of
storage facilities and Sembawang Terminal expands 255,000 and has 59,000 of
storage facilities.
The Port of Singapore, which remains as the world's largest container terminal, is
deemed to have no special issues in storage and transfer of containers. When the port
is expanded as planned, its capacity in storage and transfer is expected to increase.
Real-time information at gate and IT services are integrated into a Port-MIS. There are
no distinctive concerns related to improving gate functions.
There are several large logistics centers in the hinterland of the Port of Singapore.
Considering that the large industrial park and the logistics centers are carrying out
closely connected functions, there is no need to improve the complexes situated in the
port hinterland.
The road network in Singapore Island is well established by main roads and
expressways. Given that expressways are used to transport cargo between terminals
including Pasir Panjang, Tnajong Pagar, Keppel, and Brani, there seems to be no need
to improve the hinterland transport connection system.
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SingaporeSingapore
S-1.3S-1.3 Demand for DevelopmentDemand for Development
A.A. Forecast on containers and break bulkForecast on containers and break bulk
Container volume in the Port of Singapore forecast 29.7 million TEU in 2010 and
about 45.3 million TEU in 2020, with an annual average growth rate of 4.3% from
2010 to 2020.
(Unit: TEUs)
Year 2010 2015 2020
Export/Import 4,928,210 5,922,916 6,837,493
Transshipment 24,769,047 31,588,988 38,461,041
Total 29,697,257 37,511,904 45,298,535
Break bulk volume in the Port of Singapore forecast 28.34 million tons in 2010 and
about 47.87 million tons in 2020. An annual average growth rate of 5.4% is projected
from 2010 to 2020.
(Unit: 000 Tons)
Year 2010 2015 2020
Volume 28,341 37,725 47,870
B. Capacity and development demandB. Capacity and development demand
Result of loading/unloading capacity calculation in the Port of Singapore shows that
the annual container handling capacity was approximately 33 million TEU as of 2009.
Given that container cargo volume in the Port of Singapore was 29.9 million TEU in
2008, the port seems to have sufficient container handling capacity. As container cargo
volume forecast in the Port of Singapore is 45 million TEU in 2020, the port needs to
secure 24 additional berths which can handle 12 million TEU per annum by 2020. But
in the process of actual development, the number of container berths to be developed
could be changed according to the high degree of port performance.
In case of general (break bulk) cargo, the Port of Singapore's handling capacity stood
at about 38 million tons per year, compared with 28 million tons in 2008. Therefore,
the port seems to have sufficient general cargo handling capacity. As the general cargo
volume forecast is 48 million tons in 2020, the port needs to secure 11 additional
berths which can handle 10 million tons per annum by 2020. But in the process of
actual development, the number of additional general cargo berths can be changed
considering the ports degree of performance.
C.C. Current development planCurrent development plan
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Pasir Panjang Terminal is currently under expansion. Construction of phase III and IV
started in 2007, and reclaiming work for site preparation and construction of the linear
quay with caisson are currently on-going.
According to the master plan on the Pasir Panjang Terminal expansion, 16 berths will
be added, raising Singapores capacity to about 50 million TEU.
S-1.4S-1.4 Suggestion forSuggestion for iimprovementmprovement
As mentioned above, the Port of Singapore has shown the world's best performance in
handling container cargo for several years. Its facilities are of the highest quality
among major ports around the world.
Field research detected no issues in terms of improving port functions, including ship
calls, loading/unloading, storage and transfer, gate, hinterland transport connectionsystem, and industrial complexes in port hinterland. The current development plan
(handling capacity of 50 million TEU by 2018) seems to have flexibility, in line with
the actual growth in cargo volume.
As the world's largest transshipment port, the Port of Singapore is deemed to have no
major concern for water depth of access channels and capacity of loading/unloading
equipment.
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SingaporeSingapore
S-1.S-1.55 SuSummarymmary
Supply and Demand for Container Handling Service
(Unit: 000 TEUs)
Category 2008 2010 2015 2020
CAGR
(2008-20)
Tier 1
(WorldClass
(T/S)Port)
Container Throughput (A)29,91
8
29,69
737,512 45,299 3.5%
Current CargoHandling Capacity1) (B)
33,465
=204*(365*24)*(0.65*0.9*0.95*0.8)*(45*0.65*0.9)*1.6
Shortage or Excess of
Capacity (C=B-A)
3,547Exces
s
3,768Exces
s
(4,047)
Shortage
(11,834)
Shortage
Required Number of Berth
(D=C/490)2)
8 berths
(8.2)
24 berths (24.2)
(+16)
Total Capacity with New Terminal33,46
5
33,46
5
37,385
= 33,465+(490*8)
45,225
= 33,465+(490*24)
Current Development Plan by Port
Authority16 berths (handling capacity of 50 million TEU) by 2018
Suggestion for Development
Developing 8 container berths by 2015 and 16 additional berths by
2020 are recommendableIn the process of actual development, the number of berths to be
developed will be changed according to the high degree of portperformance
1) Quay-oriented annual container cargo handling capacity = no. of container crane potential working hours (=no.
of days x working hrs) crane working hour ratio (=berth occupancy rate vessel movement coefficient x crane
operation coefficient x actual working hour ratio) x crane work efficiency (=designed crane capacity craneoperation loss adjustment coefficient x interference coefficient) x unit conversion coefficient.
2) 490,000 TEUs, Recommended Berth Capacity for New Terminal Development for tier 1 group of port, is applied
to calculate how many berths to be needed in order to bridge the gap of supply and demand for port service. The
number of berths is rounded off to the nearest whole number.
Supply and Demand for General Cargo Handling Service
(Unit: 000 MT)
Category 2008 2010 2015 2020CAGR
(2008-20)
Group
A
General Cargo (E) 27,935 28,341 37,725 47,870 4.6%Current General Cargo
Handling Capacity3) (F)37,581 = 37* 244*1*24*365*0.66*0.72
Shortage or Excess
(G=F-E)
9,646
Excess
9,240
Excess
(144)
Shortage
(10,289)
Shortage
Required Number of Berth(I=C/900)4)
11 berths (11.4)
Total Capacity with New General
Cargo Terminal37,581 37,581 37,581
47,481
=37,581+(900*11)
Current Development Plan by Port
Authority-
Suggestion for Development Developing 11 general cargo berths by 2020 is recommendable
In the process of actual development, the number of additional berths
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to be developed will be changed considering the ports degree of
performance
3) General cargo handling capacity of port per year (V) = B S Pi H D O R. B: Number of berths, S:
Handling capacity/hr/ship (ton), Pi: Cargo is share (applied 1), H: Working hours per day, D: Potential workingdays per year, O: Berth occupancy rate, R: Actual work ratio
4) 900,000MT, Recommended Berth Capacity for New Terminal Development for group A port, is applied to
calculate how many berths to be needed in order to bridge the gap of supply and demand for port service. The
number of berths is rounded off to the nearest whole number.
Prospects for Passenger Traffic
2008 2010 2015 2020CAGR
(2008-20)
Number of passengers
Current development plan by PA
Suggestion
Required Improvement Areas
1.Channel
Facility (channel depth etc.)
Navigation
2.Container Terminal
Facility
Operation
3.Non-Container Terminal
Facility
Operation
4.Passenger Terminal
Facility
Operation
5. Terminal Gate
Facility
Operation
6. Land Transport
7. Logistics ComplexFacility
8. IT System
Facility
Operation
Required Projects
Category Main Components Status
New terminal development Expansion of terminalDevelopment of 16 additional berths
plan until 2018
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SingaporeSingapore
81