07 Notes - Week 01 - Introduction to Listening 1 New

8/19/2019 07 Notes - Week 01 - Introduction to Listening 1 New

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Introduction to Listening and

SpeakingThe oral-aural skills defined

Listening defined and The ListeningProcess

The communication process

Listening and speaking in the L2The affective factor

BY MISS SHAZNI BINTI BAHARI

LECTURER OF TEACHING LISTENING AND SPEAKING (HET3033)

Week 1


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The Oral

-

Aural Skills


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The oral

-

aural skills defined

• Oral – Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 8thedition

– / ˈɔːrəl / – 1 [ usually before noun ] spoken rather than written – 2 [ only before noun ] connected with the mouth oral

hygiene – 3 ( phonetics ) ( of a speech sound ) produced without

the air in the nose vibrating compare nasal

• Aural – Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 8thedition

– / ˈɔːrəl / – connected with hearing and listening – © Oxford University Press, 2010


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Purposes of Listening


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Purposes of

Listening

For maintaininggood socialrelations

Forentertainment

For obtaininginformationnecessary forday-to-day living

For academic

purposes

• Jokes, stories, songs, plays,TV, radio broadcasts, etc aremainly for entertainment• For personal satisfaction

• News broadcasts,directions,weather forecasts,travel information

• Lectures, seminars, talksto extend knowledge andskills• Central part of learning

• Goodwill is maintained/establishedthrough the talk• Listener oriented or messageoriented?•

Also known as conversation andcasual talk


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The Listening Process


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Hearing vs. ListeningHearing Listening

Physical ability Skill

receiving sound waves through your ears hearing and understanding what you’veheard

part of the five senses a choice to hear and analyze what youhear

using your ears only using your body’s other senses

simply receiving sound vibrations observing other’s behavior that can addmeaning to the message

Self-satisfaction can build better relationships with others“I hear it” “I get it”


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The Listening Process

Hearing vs. Listening Top-down processing• Determines the types or purpose oflistening (refer previous slide)

• Happens when a listener can relatewhat he is about to hear withprevious knowledge

Bottom-up processing Listening is an active process• Happens when what a listener hears

does not trigger anything in previousknowledge (ss)• Bottom up – block by block(understanding all the linguistic data)• Listen for meaning• To make sense of what is heard•

Listening is focused while grammar,vocab and sounds only as aids

• Actively constructs meaning while

listening• Identifies main points and supportingdetails, distinguishes fact fromopinion, guesses meaning ofunfamiliar words, etc – cognitiveaspects of listening•

Agrees or disagrees, likes or dislikesthe speaker’s tone, may find topicobjectionable or absolutely boring, etc

– affective or emotional dimension• Listener’s attitudes, values andinterests affect what they interpret

and respond to talk


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The Communication Process


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CommunicationCommunication is the process of sending and

receiving information among people.


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The most common ways to communicate


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• Sound• Speech organs(mouth, throat)

and ears in L&S

SPOKEN LANGUAGE

• Many falsestarts , ‘ fillers ’,

etc pauses found• e.g?

• Thinking, speakingand listening go on

almost the sametime

• Ephemeral

Usually simplesentences and

vocabs

Almost instantly

• Paralinguistic features – pause,loudness,

stress, intonation, etc• Extralinguistic features –

gestures, facial expressions, eye

contact, nods, body posture• Both are used to aidcommunication

• More meanderingand fewer

organizationalmarkers

•

e.g?

R e s o u r c e s


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• Words on a pageor screen

• Hands to write•

Eyes to read

WRITTEN LANGUAGE

• Editing• No visiblemistakes

• Writer – composing• Reader – reading

and re-reading• Permanent

• Sophisticated• Complex

structures andvocabs

Delayed feedback

• Only words on the pageand punctuation marks

• Usually well-organized

• Why?

R e s o u r c e s

L a n g u a g e

Performance


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THE SPEECH COMMUNICATION PROCESS

SENDER RECEIVER


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MESSAGE

FEEDBACK

CHANNEL

INTER

FERENC

E

SPEAKERLISTENER


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FACTORS OF THE SPEECHCOMMUNICATION PROCESS

Sender

Message

Response/Feedback

ChannelReceiver/Listener


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SENDER

• Sender ´s AttitudeIt deals with the knowledge and input – output filtersas self – esteem, anxiety of the speaker.

• Speaker ´s purposeIt deals with the intention or what the speaker wantsto say.


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MESSAGE

• What is said by the speaker.• You need to determine the purpose of the

message• In order to transmit our feelings, business,

agreements and so on.


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RESPONSE/FEEDBACK

• Can be either verbal or non verbal or both•

Allows the sender to correct or recordmessage.


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CHANNEL

•

It is the way used to express or send themessage• Means of communication


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RECEIVER

• Receiver ´s AttitudeIt Deals with the knowledge and input – outputfilters as self – steem, anxiety of the listener. Thebehaviour of him/her.

• Receiver’s purposeIt deals with the intention or what the listener wants

to listen to.Examples: Listen to know about someone, to learn,and so on.


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Listening and Speaking in the L2


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Listening and speaking in the L2 – The Affective Factor

• Let’s discussRural Urban

Listening

Speaking

Attitude

Motivation

Exposure

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Attitude

Motivation

Exposure

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Attitude

Motivation

Exposure

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Attitude

Motivation

Exposure

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Documents

07 Notes - Week 01 - Introduction to Listening 1 New