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Abstract

Intellectual discourse and divergence of opinions about the

partition of Indo Sub-continent and the creation of two separate

independent states of India and Pakistan can be classified into four

major categories so far as the present study is concerned. An

unbiased and impartial approach has been applied to design the

theoretical framework of this study keeping in view the four major

opinions i.e. to observe the creation of Pakistan in the light of (i)

International Rivalry between Communism and Capitalism (ii)

Economic Controversy between Agriculturalists and Industrialists

(iii) Divide and Rule Policy of the British Colonial Empire and (iv)

Ideological Basis. Each of the opinion with its own interesting

features tries to define and interpret the establishment of Pakistan in

its own way. Taking a holistic view of the partition in general and

analyzing the creation of Pakistan in the light of different views in

particular is the hallmark of this academic endeavour.

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C@*gõzpÄ0*ÎyÔ�ÑðDŠc7102Y ______________________________________ 29

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39 _______________________________________________ ªÄ0*Îy:Z`;ñÃ

jZ!Y]zjZÙÃQgŠz~ZÒkBx–Zzg7,JY@*ìX' (World War) ¬@kB 1X

BZ85ë EEYLxÆÂÐZ·t7™@*Yèx»{āZðÆ‚Bµ[ƒ»F,À¬@kB„™@*ìX World War YìkBÆ‚B7X®Zz{

2. Gunnar Myrdal, Asian Drama: An Enquiry into the Poverty of

Nations, Vol. 1969, 133; Arthur Meier Schlesinger Jr. General

Editor, Vol. 2, The Dynamics of World Power, A Documentary of

United States foreign policy 1945-1973, (New York: Chelsea House

Publishers, 1973), 166-69.

3. Rajani Palme Dutt, The Crises of Britain and the British Empire

(London: Lawrence & Wishart Ltd., 1957); William Warbey , M.P.,

Vietnam The Truth (London: Merlin Press, 1965), 26-30; D. F.

Flemming, The Cold War and its Origins, 1917-1960 (New York:

Doubleday, 1967), Vol. 1, 300-10.

4. Schlesinger, The Dynamics of World Power, 191-95; A. Z. Minfred,

A Short History of the World Progress (Moscow: Progress

Publishers, 1974).

5. Niall Ferguson, Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World (New

York: Penguin, 2004); Andre Fontain, History of the Cold War from

the October Revolution to the Korean War (New York: Pantheon

Books, 1968).

6. Ferguson, Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World; Fontain,

History of the Cold War from the October Revolution to the Korean

War.

7. Lloyed C. Gardner, A Covenant with Power: America and World

order from Wilson to Reagon (New York: Knopf, 1984); Abulkalam

Azad, India Wins Freedom (Calcutta: Orient Longmans, 1964);

8. Mao-tse Tung, Selected Works of Maotse Tung (Peking: Foreign

Language Press, 1963); Noor Ahmed, Martial Law se Martial Law

Tak [[Urdu: From Martial Law to Martial Law] (Lahore, 1966).

C@*gõzpÄ0*ÎyÔ�ÑðDŠc7102Y ______________________________________ 49

9. Gardner, A Covenant with Power; Tung, Selected Works of Maotse

Tung.

10. Gardner, A Covenant with Power; Fontain, History of the Cold War

from the October Revolution to the Korean War.

11. Russel Briens, The Indo Pakistani Conflict (London: Pall Mall Press,

1968); H. V. Hudson, The Great Divide: Britain, India and Pakistan

(Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1985).

12. Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Freedom at Midnight

(London: St James Palace, 1975); Hudson, The Great Divide: Britain,

India and Pakistan.

13. Jawahar Lal Nehru, The Discovery of India (Bombay: Asian

Publishing House, 1945); Gardner, Sphere of Influence: The great

Powers Partition, Europe from Munich to Yalta.

14. Hudson, The Great Divide: Britain, India and Pakistan; Nehru, The

Discovery of India.

15. S. M. Ikram, Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan,

1858-1951 (Lahore: Sh. M. Ashraf, 1965).

16. Tung, Selected Works of Maotse Tung; Minfred, A Short History of

the World Progress.

17. Tung, Selected Works of Maotse Tung; Minfred, A Short History of

the World Progress.

18. Panderal Moon, Divide and Quit (London: Chatto and Windus,

1964); R. C. Mojamdar History of the Freedom Movement in India

(Lahore: Book Traders, 1979).

19. V. P. Menon, The Transfer of Power in India (New Jersey:

Princeton, 1957); Ikran, Modern Muslim India and the Birth of

Pakistan, 1858-1951.

20. Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Freedom at Midnight

(London: St James Palace, 1975); Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi, The

Struggle for Pakistan (Karachi, University of Karachi, 1974).

21. Chaudhary Muhammad Ali, The Emergence of Pakistan (Columbia:

Columbia Univers i ty Press , 1967); M. As lam Quresh i ,

Anglo-Pakistan Relations (Lahore: Research Society of Pakistan,

1976).

59 _______________________________________________ ªÄ0*Îy:Z`;ñÃ

22. Ian Stephen, Pakistan (London: Penguin Books, 1964); Stanley

Wolpert, Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan: His Life and Time (Bombay:

Oxford University Press, 1993).

23. Zafarullah Khan, Tehdis-e-Nemat [Urdu: Documenting the Blessing]

(Dhaka: Dhaka Benevolent Association, 1971); Flemming, The Cold

War and its Origins, 1917-1960; Minfred, A Short History of the

World Progress.

24. C. H. Phillip and Mary Doreen Wainright, The Partition of India

(London, 1970); Fazal Muqeem, Tag-o-Taze Javedana [Urdu:

Eternal Passion] (Lahore: Oxford University Press, 1967).

25. Jameel ud Din Ahmad, Historic Documents of Muslim Freedom

Movement (Lahore: Publishers United, 1970); Moon, Divide and

Quit; Muhammad Yameen Khan, Nama-e-Amaal [Urdu: Balance

Sheet of Deeds] (Lahore, 1970).

26. Feroz Khan Noon, Chasham Deed [Urdu: Eye Witness] (Lahore:

Ferozsons Ltd., 1974).

Ali, The Emergence of Pakistan; Qureshi, The Struggle for

Pakistan; Khan, Tehdis-e-Nemat.

27. Ikram, Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan, 1858-1951;

Khan, Tehdis-e-Nemat; Jameel ud Din Ahmad, Historic Documents

of Muslim Freedom Movement (Lahore: Publishers United, 1970).

28. Ikram, Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan, 1858-1951;

Khan, Tehdis-e-Nemat; Ahmad, Historic Documents of Muslim

Freedom Movement.

29. Ikram, Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan, 1858-195;

Qureshi, The Struggle for Pakistan.

C@*gõzpÄ0*ÎyÔ�ÑðDŠc7102Y ______________________________________ 69