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8/14/2019 05_Aztecs_and_Maya_Carousel_Lesson_PPT.ppt
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2/28 Aim: How were the Mayans and Aztecs
Similar? Different?
HW: pagecompare/
contrast Aztec
and Mayanachievements
The Mayan ruins at Chichen Itza, Mexico. Temple to
the god Kukulkan.
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Mayan Architecture
Temple at Chichen Itza
Temple at TikalIllustration of Tikal before the civilization fell
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Aztec Architecture
Aztec temples near Mexico City
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Mayan Written Language
The Mayan language is called Nahuatl
Which is a system of pictograms
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Aztec Written Language
Aztec language was also based on
Nuhatl which is still spoken in some
parts of Mexico and Central
America today
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Adapting to their Environment:Mayan Farming Techniques
In order to support a large population, the
Mayans had to adapt to their tropical
environment. Rain forests were cleared,
then raised fields that caught and held
rainwater were built. They also built
channels that could be opened to drain off
excess water.
Most Mayans were farmers. They grew
corn, beans, and squashthe basic food
crops of Middle America.
Men usually cultivated the crops, while
women turned them into food
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As the Aztecs population grew, they found
an ingenious way to create more farmland.
They built Chinampas, or artificial islands
Made of earth piled on reed mats that were
Anchored to the shallow lake bed where they
grew corn, beans, and squash
Adapting to their Environment:Aztec Farming Techniques
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Mayan Religious Beliefs
The Maya worshipped a pantheon of naturegods, each of which had both a benevolent
side and a malevolent side. The most
important deity was the supreme god
Itzamn, the creator god, the god of the fire
and god of the hearth.
Another important Mayan god was Kukulcn,
the Feathered Serpent, who appears on many
temples and was later adopted by the Toltecs
and Aztecs as Quetzalcoatl. Also important
was Chac, a hooked-nose god of rain and
lightning.
Mayan priests would performRituals of human sacrifice to the Gods
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Aztec Religious Beliefs
The Aztec priests were a class apart. Theyperformed the rituals needed to please the many
Aztec gods and prevent droughts, floods, or other
disasters. The chief Aztec god was
Huitzilopochtli, the sun god. His giant pyramid-
temple towered above central Tenochtitlan.
Huitzilopochtli, the Aztecs believed battled the
forces of darkness each night and was reborn
each morning. To give the sun strength to rise
each day, the Aztecs offered human sacrifices.
Priests offered the hearts of tens of thousands of victims to Huitzilopochtli and other
Aztec gods. Most of the victims were prisoners of war, but sometimes a noble family
gave up one of its own members to appease the gods.
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Mayan and Aztec Achievements:Astronomical Calculations
Both the Mayans and Aztecs created accurate 365-day solar calendars mainly
for religious purposes. Mayan priests needed to measure time accurately in
order to hold ceremonies at the correct moment. As a result, priests became
expert mathematicians and astronomers. Some used their knowledge of
astronomy and mathematics to foretell the future
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Decline of the Mayas
About 900 A.D, the Mayas abandoned theircities, leaving their great stone palaces and
temples to be swallowed up by the jungle.
No one knows for sure why Mayan
civilization declined. Possibly, frequentwarfare forced the Mayas to abandon their
traditional agricultural methods. Or,
overpopulation may have led to over
farming, which in turn exhausted the soil.
Heavy taxes to finance wars and temple
building may have sparked peasant revolts.
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Decline of the Aztecs
At the height of Aztec power in 1519, word reachedTenochtitlan that pale-skinned, bearded men, had
landed on the east coast. Montezuma, king of the
Aztecs, possibly believing that Hernando Cortes, was
the god-king returning from the east, invited Cortes
into his capital.
Later, Relations between the Aztecs andSpaniards soon grew strained, and the Aztecs
Drove the Spanish from the city. Montezuma was
killed in the fighting. By 1521 however, Cortes and
his Indian allies captured and demolished
Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs had been conquered
A hit t W itt L Ad ti t E i t F i T h i
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Architecture
1. Study the examples of Mayan and Aztec
Architecture and illustrations of the city. Describe 3
ways they are similar:
1.
2.
3.
Written Language
Study the examples of Mayan and Aztec written
language. Describe 2 ways they are similar.
1.
2.
How is it similar to other ancient civilizations?
Adaption to Environment: Farming Techniques
Provide examples as to how the Mayans adapted
to their tropical environment
How did the Aztecs adapt to their environment?
Religious Beliefs
Explain 2 ways the religious beliefs of the Mayans
and Aztecs were similar.
1.
2.
Explain one way they were different
Mayan and Aztec Achievements
Astronomical Calculations
1. Which achievement was accomplished by both
the Mayas and Aztecs?
2. Why was this achievement useful?
Decline
Explain 2 possible theories as to why the Mayas
civilization declined.
1.
2.
How did the decline of the Aztecs differ from the
decline of the Maya?
The Mayas and the Aztecs
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