05 - Modernity and Beyond

8/18/2019 05 - Modernity and Beyond

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Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Engineering and Society:Modernity and Beyond

Dr. Gershon Weltman

Engineering 183EW, UC! SE!S

ect"re #


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2Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Modernity Begins

““The end of the 19The end of the 19thth century andcentury and

the beginning of the 20the beginning of the 20thth centurycentury

defined who we are now. It isdefined who we are now. It is

the transition from the old worldthe transition from the old worldvalues to the modern world.”values to the modern world.”

Guillermo del ToroGuillermo del Toro

ilm !irector ilm !irector

"# Times $alendar% &ct 11% 201'"# Times $alendar% &ct 11% 201'


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(Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$echnology $imeline: $he Modern !ge Begins

1910 19501900

Skyscraper

Mass Production

Pulic !adio

1920 19"0 19#0

Mass Car

$ea%ier than &ir 'light Wright 'lyer (190#


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)Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

S%yscra&er: Synthesis o' (e) $echnologies

Ele*ator

$y&e)riter

$ele&hone

Steel Bridge

o"is S"lli*an+18#-1/0

!irConditioning

2late Glass

St. o"is, 188Chicago, 18


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'Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$he 2ri*ate Car: Mo4ility E5&ands

163 Cadillac Model !

16/ White7Stanho&e


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*Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Mo4ility 'or the Masses

enry 9ords Car ;m&ro*ements:

Standardi


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+Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Mass 2rod"ction *s. Cra't 2rod"ction


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,Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Mechani


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2ositi*e E''ects o' the Mass !"tomo4ile

&utonomy) Moility, *ndi%iduality, *ndependence Connecti%ity) +he S& as a Whole

+ransportation) People, Produce, Products

-os) Manu.acture, Sales, Ser%ice, /ri%er, Construction

Status) 'ord and Che%y %s incoln and Cadillac ntertainment and Sport) !acing, Contests, Stunts, 'ilm

$oy) !epair, !estoration, &ugmentation

&rt 34ects) Street !ods, oriders, Customs

+echnical ducation) & 'rameork o. nderstanding


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and Some (egati*es

Congestion and Pollutions6 Smog and Gridlock +ra..ic &ccidents6 Groing to 7#0,000 /eaths &nnually

os &ngeles donton in the 1920sos &ngeles donton in the 1920s


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Mass 2rod"ction E''ects

>estr"ct"ring o' Social Strata ! steady 'actory &aychec% Gro)th o' a ne) Amiddle class (e) societal di*isions

a4or *s. Ca&ital Bl"e Collar *s. White Collar

arge and &o)er'"l "nions

;ncreased 9lo) o' Cons"mer Goods !''orda4le F"ality !lmost all le*els o' society

(e) Distri4"tion and Mar%eting Channels Mail order and de&artment stores 9ood As"&er mar%ets (ational as )ell as local ad*ertising

$he !merican 'r"gal character is re)ired 'or Aas&irational cons"merism.;nstead o' rioting, !merican 'actory )or%ers organi


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12Copyright Gershon Weltman, 201#

Broadcast >adio: SocietalComm"nication E5&ands 9irst commercial 4roadcast in 1/6

$remendo"s demand 'or recei*ers 66 stations 4y 1// H6I o' ho"seholds 4y 136 Broad *ariety o' drama, s&orts, ne)sand opinion !d*ertising soon 'ollo)s


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1(Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

'uturism

$echnology $imeline

1910 19501900

Mass Production

Mass Car

*ndustriali8ation

Pulic !adio

1920 19"0 19#0

Skyscraper World War *

lectri.ication

$ea%ier than &ir 'light


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1)Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

9"t"rism: $he 2ractical 2hiloso&hies o' Modernism

$he Futurists Design Mo*ements

Constr"cti*ism ModernismJ!rt Deco

Ba"ha"s ;nd"strial Design

$he Machine in C"lt"re

9"t"rism a&&reciates the radical nat"re o' technological change,and states that the ne)ly introd"ced technologies can

contri4"te to moderni


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1'Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$he 9"t"rist Mani'esto +16-11#

- We intend to sing the love of danger, the habit of energy and fearlessness.

- We affirm that the world’s magnificence has been enriched by a new beauty: the

beauty of speed. A racing car whose hood is adorned with great pipes, like serpents

of explosive breath—a roaring car that seems to ride on grapeshot is more

beautiful than the ictory of !amothrace.

- e want to hymn the man at the wheel% who hurls the lance of his s/irit across the

arth% along the circle of its orbit.

- e will sing of great crowds ecited by wor% by /leasure% and by riot3 we will sing ofthe multicolored% /oly/honic tides of revolution in the modern ca/itals3 we will sing of

the vibrant nightly fervor of arsenals and shi/yards bla4ing with violent electric moons3

greedy railway stations that devour smoe5/lumed ser/ents3 factories hung on clouds by

the crooed lines of their smoe3 bridges that stride the rivers lie giant gymnasts%

flashing in the sun with a glitter of nives3 adventurous steamers that sniff the hori4on3

dee/5chested locomotives whose wheels /aw the tracs lie the hooves of enormoussteel horses bridled by tubing3 and the slee flight of /lanes whose /ro/ellers chatter in

the wind lie banners and seem to cheer lie an enthusiastic crowd


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1*Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

9"t"rist !rt and S&eed

Um4erto Boccioni, AUniF"e 9orm o'Contin"ity in S&ace, 113

S"&erman )ith S&eed lines


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1+Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$he 9"t"rist Mani'esto +16-11#

- We intend to sing the love of danger, the habit of energy and fearlessness.

- We affirm that the world’s magnificence has been enriched by a new beauty: thebeauty of speed. A racing car whose hood is adorned with great pipes, like serpents

of explosive breath—a roaring car that seems to ride on grapeshot is more

beautiful than the ictory of !amothrace.

- e want to hymn the man at the wheel% who hurls the lance of his s/irit across the

arth% along the circle of its orbit.- e will sing of great crowds ecited by wor% by /leasure% and by riot3 we will sing of

the multicolored% /oly/honic tides of revolution in the modern ca/itals3 we will sing of

the vibrant nightly fervor of arsenals and shi/yards bla4ing with violent electric moons3

greedy railway stations that devour smoe5/lumed ser/ents3 factories hung on clouds by

the crooed lines of their smoe3 bridges that stride the rivers lie giant gymnasts%

flashing in the sun with a glitter of nives3 adventurous steamers that sniff the hori4on3

dee/5chested locomotives whose wheels /aw the tracs lie the hooves of enormous

steel horses bridled by tubing3 and the slee flight of /lanes whose /ro/ellers chatter inthe wind lie banners and seem to cheer lie an enthusiastic crowd

- We will glorify war—the world’s only hygiene—militarism, patriotism, the

destructive gesture of freedom"bringers, beautiful ideas worth dying for.


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1,Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Constr"cti*ist Design +110713/

ALonstr"%tsiia denotes a mode o' thin%ing, a certain ordering o' the &rocess o'tho"ght. Mechanical engineering )as the 4asic logical &aradigm o' thin%ing, the same

)ay o"r age o' in'ormation "ses systems analysis today. ! scienti'ic theory o' thedesign o' 'orm is &ossi4le thro"gh the dialectical method o' thin%ing 4y the a&&lication

o' mathematical methods o' analysis.


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Modernism: Some ;ns&irations

Streamlined !ircra't,

Sto& Motion 2hotogra&hy

http://www.20x200.com/art/2011/11/animal-locomotion-plate-187-dancing-fancy.html


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Modernism:(e) Ways o' Seeing

Marcel D"cham&("de descending a staircase 7 11/

C"4ist !rtC"4ist !rt


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Shoc%en De&artment Store Chemnit


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Modernism: Style *s. Economy +1/

'ord Model + !oadster "00

aSalle !oadster 2100


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2(Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Modernism: De'ining (e) "5"ry

Delehaye N71/

D"4onnet Oenia


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2)Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Modernism: ;n $rans&ort

!4o*e, 9ord Pe&hyr, 130Q to& right, Cord Sedan, 13Q4ottom right, (orman Bel Geddes conce&t car, 133


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2'Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Modernism: E*eryday Str"ct"res

Rohn Baeder, Diner, Cam& ill, 2a.


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2*Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Modernism: Cons"mer 2rod"cts


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2+Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Modernism: >eal S%yscra&ers o' (e) or% City.

Em&ire State B"ilding 131 Chrysler B"ilding 13606 Wall Street 1/8


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2,Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

and Some Distincti*e os !ngeles B"ildings

B"lloc%s Wilshire, 1/1 2an 2aci'ic !"ditori"m, 13//

1

(o) So"th)est a) School,/

(o) !CM! West


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Ba"ha"s Design: A9orm 9ollo)s 9"nction

Marcel :euer, Wassily Chair, 1925 Marcel :euer, Cesca Chair, 192; Mies %an der !ohe , :arcelona Chair, 1929

WM /udok, School,


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(0Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Ba"ha"s ome Design: A! Machine 'or i*ing

>ichard (e"tra, o*ell o"se, os !ngeles, 1/


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Ba"ha"s $oday - A$he os !ngeles oo%


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;nd"strial Design: $he !rt o' Cons"mer 2rod"cts

>aymond oe)yColds&ot, 138

Rohn Nassos$"rnstile, 13/

>aymond oe)y130


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((Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

>aymond oe)y ;cons

"c%y Stri%e 2ac%ages

St"de4a%er !*anti Car

Coca Cola ogo

Shell =il ogo


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()Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$he Machine in C"lt"re 7 !rt 1

9ran% "l


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('Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$he Machine in C"lt"re - !rt /

$homas art Benton, Catalytic Crac%er, 13


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(*Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$he Machine in C"lt"re - !rt 3

Grant Wood, ;o)a State College i4rary, 136s


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(+Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$he Machine in C"lt"re - !rt 0

$homas art Benton, City !cti*ities, 13#


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(,Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Mass !rt - $he Gro)th o' 2o&"lar C"lt"re


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;magining the 9"t"re: Cities o' $omorro)


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)0Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

;magining the 9"t"re: $echnology o' $omorro)

;t too% a )hile, 4"t reality has +almost ca"ght "& )ith antici&ation


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;magining the 9"t"re:Go*ernment 4yA$he Second C"lt"re

+echnocracy as a culturaland political mo%ement o. the

19"0s and 19#0s thatad%ocated management o.

society y technical methodsthrough a go%ernment made

up o. engineers and scientists


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>e7;magining C"rrent Society: S"&erheroes

9o"r Men +and a Woman )ith the 2o)ers o' 9"t"ristic Machines

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wonder_woman_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Superman14.jpghttp://www.geocities.com/mbrown123/flash1.jpg


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))Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$he De&ression: $echnology as Sym&tom

Once I built a railroad Made it run Made it race against time.Once I built a railroad Now it’s done.Brother, can you spare a dime?

Once I built a tower To the sun Brick and riets and lime.Once I built a tower Now there’s none.

Brother, can you spare a dime?

!"ip# $arburg %&'(

http://www.antaca.com/buy.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fexec%2Fobidos%2FASIN%2F0812923278%2Fref%3Dnosim%2Fpojpj-20&handle=imagelink


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)'Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$he De&ression: $echnology as C"re

$he Wor% 2roects !dministration+W2! &"t !merica 4ac% to )or% ona 4road range o' &"4lic &roectsin*ol*ing art as )ell as technology.

$hese ranged 'rom giant dams andlarge 4"ildings to m"rals, sociallyrele*ant &lays and &hotogra&hicessays doc"menting the hard times.

9ort 2ec% Dam, Montana, 13


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)*Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Contrary Noices

iterary Critics: C"lt"ral De'ects o' A2rogress

Sinclair e)is: $he Nac"o"sness o' the Middle Class .. Menc%en: Deterioration o' the !merican ang"age

Sher)ood !nderson: Circ"mscri4ed Small $o)n i*es

Rohn Stein4ec%: 2eo&le Cast oose to 2o*erty

$he M"c%ra%ers: Dangers o' Unreg"lated Big B"siness

incoln Ste''ens: AShame o' the Cities

;da $ar4ell: Aistory o' Standard =il

Da*id Graham 2hilli&s: AGreat God S"ccess

Sam"el o&%ins !dams: A>e*elry

U&ton Sinclair: A$he R"ngle, ALing Coal, A=il, Aittle Steel


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)+Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$echnological and Societal $imeline

1910 19501900

Mass Production

Mass &utomoile

lectri.ication

Chemical 'ertili8er

Pulic !adio

1920 19"0 19#0

'uturism

Great /epressionWorld War *

s 'air


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),Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

9"t"risms !&e5: (e) or% Worlds 9air o' 13

World Expositions

London 1851

New York 1853

Paris 1855

Philadelphia 1876

Paris 1889

Chicao 1893

Chicao 1933

!r"ssels 1935

#an $ieo 1935

$allas 1936

Cle%eland 1937

Paris 1937

#an &rancisco 1939


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'0Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Modernist 2a*ilions

British 2a*ilion

Bra


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Worlds 9air Pones

$heme Center Democracity: $he World o' $omorro)

Comm"nications and B"siness Systems Media: Mail, &rint, telegra&h, radio, 'ilm, tele*ision

EF"i&ment: B"siness, 'a5 4roadcast, electronic alarms

2rod"ction and Distri4"tion

;nterde&endence: &rod"ction, distri4"tion and &eo&les 9ashion and cosmetics

$rans&ortation S&eed: >ailroads, air&lanes and shi&s

GM 9"t"rama: $he a"tomo4ile in 16

9ood ("trition: $he science o' good health

2ac%aged &rod"cts: Mil%, 4read, 4rea%'ast cereal, etc.

D i Ci ' h 9 2


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Democracity: City o' the 9"t"re 2anorama

$N C i ti


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'(Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$N Comm"nications

$ t ti Gi t


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')Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$rans&ortation Giants


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$ h l i l d S i t l $i li


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'+Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

$echnological and Societal $imeline

1910 19501900

Mass Production

Mass &utomoile

s 'air

lectri.ication

&ircra.t *ndustry

Pulic !adio

1920 19"0 19#0

World War **

'uturism

!ocketry Great /epressionWorld War *

! $ W ld W


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',Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

! $r"e World War.

$he 2aci'ic $heater $he E"ro&ean $heater

! i t S i ti 2 d ' W


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.!gainst Societies 2re&ared 'or War.

9o ght 4 !mericas A! erage Roes


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*0Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

.9o"ght 4y !mericas A!*erage Roes.

Cartoon 4y Bill Ma"ldin, circa 100


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Military $echnology o' World War ;;


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*2Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015


Small !rms: >i'le, machine g"n, 4a2G

!rmor ? $rans&ort: Battle tan%, long range artillery, ee&

!ircra't: ea*y 4om4er, 'ighter, close air s"&&ort, et

Shi&s: S"4marine, aircra't carrier, 4attleshi&, destroyer,

Electronics ? Com&"tation: >adar, 4om4 sights, cryptography

Genocide: Concentration ? e5termination cam&s Wea&ons o' Mass Destr"ction:

Sat"ration and incendiary 4om4ing :allistic and semiguided missiles

Cry&togra&hy: Brea%ing the Enigma Code


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*(Copyright Gershon Weltman, 2015

Cry&togra&hy: Brea%ing the Enigma Code

!4o*e, the Coloss"s com&"ter at Bletchley 2ar%,B"c%inghamshire, England, c. 103. 9"nding 'or thiscode74rea%ing machine came 'rom the Ultra &roect. $hemo*ie A$he ;mitation Game tells the story, 'oc"sing on

!lan $"ring, sho)n at le't 4elo) an Enigma machine.

Missiles ? S&ace


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*)


Missiles ? S&ace

N1 Ret &o)ered AB"oc%et Bom4

>oc%et ScientistWerner Non Bra"n

Early US$est >oc%et



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*'



Small !rms: >i'le, machine g"n, 4a2G

!rmor ? $rans&ort: Battle tan%, long range artillery, ee&

!ircra't: ea*y 4om4er, 'ighter, close air s"&&ort, et

Shi&s: S"4marine, aircra't carrier, 4attleshi&, destroyer,

Electronics ? Com&"tation: >adar, 4om4 sights, cry&togra&hy

Genocide: Concentration ? e5termination cam&s Wea&ons o' Mass Destr"ction:

Sat"ration and incendiary 4om4ing Ballistic and semi7g"ided missiles

+he &tomic :omD

$he !tomic Bom4


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**


$he !tomic Bom4

iroshima E5&losion

iroshima Bom4

$he Manhattan 2roect

$)o Bom4s 7 iroshima +!"g , 10# 7 (agasa%i +!"g , 10#T

=ne 2"r&ose 7 2rod"ce AShoc% ? !)e

7 9orce Ra&anese S"rrender to

sa*e millions o' li*es Many E''ects 7 Started M!D !rms >ace 7 De'ined the ACold War 7 ;gnited Moral Contro*ersy

! (e) Wea&on o' Mass Destr"ction


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*+


! (e) Wea&on o' Mass Destr"ction.

iroshima destr"ction and death "n&recedented 'or a single e*ent in )ar'are

E5&losion and 'irestorm eng"l'ed 0.0 sF. mi. !4o"t 6,666 &eo&le %illed immediately

*s =ld Wea&ons o' Mass Destr"ction


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*,


.*s. =ld Wea&ons o' Mass Destr"ction.

(a


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*9


and More

essons o' World War ;;


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essons o' World War ;;

$echnology can 4e "sed to s"&&ort dictators, totalitarianism

and &"r&oses o' &"re e*il Science74ased )ea&ons and their &rod"ction are the

%ey 'actors in modern )ar'are

(e) ca&a4ilities 'or &lanet )ide destr"ction

need some 'orm o' international reg"lation, hence the

United (ations, 'ormed 4e'ore the )ar ends >ene)ed desire to 4"ild the World o' the 9"t"re, no)

called the A2ost War World

B"t..

9"t"rism is ne*er F"ite the same againK

Documents

05 - Modernity and Beyond