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The role of wildlife and humans invector-borne diseases.
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LIVE SLOW -- DIE OLD
Life in the Wild:
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The foulest and nastiest creatures that be."
Pliny the Elder
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Ticks - live slow Environmentally tolerantLong lived
Different stages feed on a different hosts
Feed on a variety of wildlife species
Feed for a long period of time - Consume a largevolume of blood
- Increase their body weight 168 fold
Overwinter
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Darwin reasoned that traits that increase a specieschance of
surviving and reproducing in theirenvironment tend to leave more
offspring than others
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Changing Ecology and Vector-borneDiseases The wildlife
perspective
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Anaplasma phagocytophila Babesia microti Borrelia
burgdorferi
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Dogs and Borrelia
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Kill the Vector!
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Permethrin
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Dandux Outdoors 3451Ellicott Center Drive EllicottCity, Md
21043
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Mosquito Squad
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Prevent the vector from biting!
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Education
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Three actions found riskiest foracquiring ticks
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Diagnostic for Lyme
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Within days or weeksFatigue, Chills, FeverHeadache, Muscle and
Joint aches, Swollen lymphnodes, Bells Palsey
Long TermProblems withconcentration
Short term memory lossSevere arthritis and jointpain
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Within Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto isolates, there exists
substantial geneticheterogeneity. Isolates of B. burgdorferi from
Lyme disease patients have beensubdivided into three major rRNA
spacer types (RST) using PCR-RFLP typingsystems.
.
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Evidence suggests that these distinct genotypes are associated
withdiffering pathologies and dissemination patterns in humans.
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Forest Fragmentation
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Forest fragmentation occurs when large woodlandsare split into
smaller, more isolated sections forsuch uses as building roads,
shopping centers or
housing developments.
Ticks and tick-borne diseases are on the rise, due in largepart
to increased forest fragmentation that creates pockets of
disease in areas of modern development.
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f
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Northeast Wildlife DNA LaboratoryInfectious Disease Diagnostic
Section
Preliminary Studies Toward Building aDynamic and Predictive
Model for
Landscape Alteration Events on theEcology of Tick-Borne
Disease
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Study Sites
1 hectare = 2.47 acres
Each Site = 32 hectares
Study Site.
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Around here, it takes all the running you can dojust to stay in
the same place. -Lewis Carroll
The Red Queen to Alice in Alice in Wonderland
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Parasites & Vectors 5:231
Associations of passerine birds, rabbits, and tickswith Borrelia
miyamotoi and Borrelia andersonii
in Michigan, U.S.A.Hamer et al. 2012
Physician Successfully Treats First Confirmed Case of
Borrelia
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miyamotoi FLEMINGTON, N.J., Feb. 20, 2013
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Continued SurveillanceDiagnostic Testing
Recommendations
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S i I t ti
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Species InteractionsWhat were they thinking?
B b i i i i PA d NJ
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I. scapu laris Black Bear (Ursus amer icanus )
Babesia m i c ro t i
Ecologic niche
Babesia microti in PA and NJ
The risk for zoonotic transmission is dynamic in time &
place
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36 of 3,799 tickspositive from 10states
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EHD in white tail deer
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EHD in white tail deerVector Culicoides
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Wheres the remote?
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